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2007 Pacific hurricane season#Hurricane Cosme

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+#redirect [[2007 Pacific hurricane season#Hurricane Cosme]]
-{{Infobox Hurricane
-| Name=Hurricane Cosme
-| Type=Hurricane
-| Year=2007
-| Basin=EPac
-| Image location=Cosme_16_july_2007_1945Z.jpg
-| Image name=Hurricane Cosme near peak intensity
-| Formed=July 14, 2007
-| Dissipated=July 23, 2007
-| 1-min winds=65
-| Pressure=987
-| Damages=Minimal
-| Fatalities=None reported
-| Areas=[[Hawaii]]
-| Hurricane season=[[2007 Pacific hurricane season]]
-}}
-'''Hurricane Cosme''' was a minimal hurricane that threatened [[Hawaii]] in mid-July 2007. The sixth [[tropical cyclone]], third named storm and first hurricane of the [[2007 Pacific hurricane season]], Cosme originated from a tropical wave that emerged off the coast of Africa on June 27 and tracked westward before emerging in the eastern Pacific. A system along the wave organized, and it was classified as a tropical depression on July 14, a tropical storm on July 15, and a hurricane on July 16. Cosme reached peak intensity as a [[Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale#Category 1|Category&nbsp;1]] hurricane on the [[Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale]], but quickly weakened due to cooler waters. Steadily decreasing in strength, the storm was downgraded to a tropical depression before passing to the south of the [[Hawaiian Islands]]. The depression crossed into the [[Tropical cyclone basins#North Central Pacific Ocean|Central Pacific]] and degenerated into a remnant low by July 23.
+{{Redirect from merge}}
-Because Cosme stayed far from land, effects were mostly minor. Swells up to {{convert|9|ft|m|abbr=on}} and up to {{Convert|6.94|in|mm|abbr=on|lk=on}} of rainfall were reported, in addition to wind gusts of 40&nbsp;mph (65&nbsp;km/h). No fatalities or injuries were reported, and only minimal damage occurred.
-==Meteorological history==
-{{storm path|Cosme 2007 track.png}}
-The origins of Cosme can be traced back to a [[tropical wave]] that left the coast of [[Africa]] on June 27, 2007. Due to a lack of associated [[atmospheric convection|convection]], the wave was difficult to track across the [[Atlantic Ocean]] and [[Caribbean Sea]]. The [[National Hurricane Center]] (NHC) estimated that the wave emerged into the [[Pacific Ocean]] on July 8. Because the system was embedded within the [[Intertropical Convergence Zone]] (ITCZ), development was initially slow. However, when it separated from the ITCZ on July 13, the disturbance increased in convective organization, and was classified as Tropical Depression Six-E about midway between [[Mexico]] and [[Hawaii]].<ref name="tcr">{{Cite web|author=Michelle Mainelli|title=Hurricane Cosme Tropical Cyclone Report|year=2007|publisher=[[National Hurricane Center]]|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-EP062007_Cosme.pdf}}</ref> It tracked westward at {{convert|12|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} due to steering currents of a tropical easterly flow. Although [[wind shear]] was generally light, ocean temperatures were only marginal for [[tropical cyclogenesis|tropical cyclone intensification]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Avila|title=Tropical Depression Six-E Discussion Number 1|year=2007|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/ep06/ep062007.discus.001.shtml?}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Avila|title=Tropical Depression Six-E Discussion Number 2|year=2007|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/ep06/ep062007.discus.002.shtml?}}</ref> Forecasters experienced difficulty in locating the exact center of circulation. By July 14, convection had steadily decreased,<ref>{{cite web|author=Franklin|title=Tropical Depression Six-E Discussion Number 3|year=2007|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/ep06/ep062007.discus.003.shtml?}}</ref> although the storm's movement was initially uncertain due to its location within a broad low pressure area.<ref>{{cite web|author=Avila|title=Tropical Depression Six-E Discussion Number 4|year=2007|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/ep06/ep062007.discus.004.shtml?}}</ref> Early on July 15 the depression's appearance on [[satellite imagery]] improved,<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mainelli|title=Tropical Depression Six-E Discussion Number 5|year=2007|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/ep06/ep062007.discus.005.shtml?}}</ref> and at 1800&nbsp;[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] the NHC upgraded the depression to [[Tropical cyclone#tropical storm|tropical storm status]], and [[tropical cyclone naming|gave it the name]] "Cosme".<ref name="tcr"/>
-Shortly after attaining tropical storm status, the previously-broad circulation consolidated as [[Eye (cyclone)|banding features]] developed.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mainelli|title=Tropical Storm Cosme Discussion Number 6|year=2007|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/ep06/ep062007.discus.006.shtml?}}</ref> The inner core gradually condensed and tightened, as indicated by an [http://weather.msfc.nasa.gov/AMSR/ AMSR-E] overpass.<ref>{{cite web|author=Beven|title=Tropical Storm Cosme Discussion Number 7|year=2007|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/ep06/ep062007.discus.007.shtml?}}</ref> On July 16 an [[Eye (cyclone)|eye]] began to form and Cosme intensified to attain winds of {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Tracking northwest towards a weakness in the mid-level [[ridge (meteorology)|ridge]],<ref>{{cite web|author=Brown|title=Tropical Storm Cosme Discussion Number 8|year=2007|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/ep06/ep062007.discus.008.shtml?}}</ref> the cyclone continued to intensify and was upgraded to Hurricane Cosme late on July 16, about {{convert|1600|mi|km|abbr=on}} east of [[Hilo, Hawaii|Hilo]].<ref name="tcr"/> The hurricane reached peak intensity with winds of 75&nbsp;mph (120&nbsp;km/h), although due to cooler waters it quickly weakened to a tropical storm,<ref name="tcr"/> as the eye became ragged and cloud-filled.<ref>{{cite web|author=Beven|title=Hurricane Cosme Discussion Number 11|year=2007|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/ep06/ep062007.discus.011.shtml?}}</ref>
-By July 17, the cloud pattern had deteriorated, and its winds decreased to 45&nbsp;mph (75&nbsp;km/h).<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mainelli|title=Tropical Storm Cosme Discussion Number 13|year=2007|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/ep06/ep062007.discus.013.shtml?}}</ref> The center subsequently became exposed, with just a few thunderstorms confined to the southwest portion of the storm as it began to accelerate to the west.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mainelli|title=Tropical Storm Cosme Discussion Number 14|year=2007|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/ep06/ep062007.discus.014.shtml?}}</ref> As easterly vertical wind shear increased, convection temporarily reformed in a concentrated area southwest of the center.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Beven|title=Tropical Storm Cosme Discussion Number 15|year=2007|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/ep06/ep062007.discus.015.shtml?}}</ref> As Cosme reached steadily cooler water temperatures, it was downgraded to a tropical depression late on July 18 about {{convert|900|mi|km|abbr=on}} southeast of Hilo, Hawaii; at around the same time, the storm entered the forecast responsibility of the [[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]].<ref name="tcr"/> Tracking westward at {{convert|14|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, maximum sustained winds were {{convert|35|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} with localized higher gusts.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Burke|title=Tropical Depression Cosme Advisory Number 19|year=2007|publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2007/TCPCP1.EP062007.19.0707190313}}</ref> Gradually weakening, Tropical Depression Cosme passed south of the [[Hawaiian Islands]] on July 20 with a minimum central pressure of 1010&nbsp;[[bar (unit)|mbar]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ballard|title=Tropical Depression Cosme Advisory Number 27|year=2007|publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2007/TCPCP1.EP062007.27.0707210244}}</ref> On July 22, the depression came within {{convert|180|mi|km|abbr=on}} of [[Johnston Island]],<ref>{{Cite web|author=Houston|title=Tropical Depression Cosme Discussion Number 33|year=2007|publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2007/TCPCP1.EP062007.33.0707221445}}</ref> and later that day, it degenerated into a remnant low.<ref name="tcr"/>
-==Preparations and impact==
-[[Image:TS Cosme 2007 1330Z July16.jpg|right|thumb|Tropical Storm Cosme on July 16]]
-Initially, Cosme was predicted to make landfall on [[Hawaii]] as a tropical storm.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Franklin|title=Tropical Storm Cosme Discussion Number 12|year=2007|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/ep06/ep062007.discus.012.shtml?}}</ref> In anticipation of the storm, the National Weather Service issued a flash flood watch for the island of Hawaii on July 20. Also, small craft advisories were in effect for [[Maui]] and Hawaii;<ref>{{cite news|author=[[CBS News]]|title=Hawaii Braces For A Tropical Depression|year=2007|publisher=|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/07/20/storm/main3080068.shtml | date=2007-07-20}}</ref> wind advisories were issued for summits in those regions.<ref>{{cite news|author=Mark Niesse|title=Tropical Depression Nears Hawaii|year=2007|publisher=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2007/07/20/national/a174453D60.DTL}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> High surf advisories were also put into effect for coastal areas.<ref name="disc1">{{cite news|author=Jan TenBruggencate|title=Tropical depression dumps heavy rain on Hawaii|publisher=USA Today|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www.usatoday.com/weather/hurricane/2007-07-20-cosme-hawaii_N.htm | date=2007-07-22}}</ref> The Hawaii County Civil Defense prepared for the storm by planning for increases in emergency response personnel and opening of evacuation centers.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Laurie Au|title=Storm set to weaken but could pose threat|year=2007|publisher=[[Honolulu Star-Bulletin]]|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://starbulletin.com/2007/07/17/news/story01.html}}</ref> County crews worked to clean out drains and culverts to prevent flooding.<ref name="disc1"/>
-Because the depression stayed far from land, the effects were mostly minor and little damage was reported.<ref name="tcr"/> A strong [[trade wind]] swell north of Cosme generated waves up to {{convert|9|ft|m|abbr=on}} high.<ref>{{Cite web|author=[[National Climatic Data Center]]|title=Event report for Tropical Depression Cosme|year=2007|publisher=|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~673779}}</ref> Rain bands produced up to {{Convert|6.94|in|mm|abbr=on|lk=on}} of rainfall,<ref>{{Cite web|author=Kevin R. Kodama|title=July 2007 Precipitation Summary|year=2007|publisher=National Weather Service|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/hnl/hydro/pages/jul07sum.php}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> causing small stream and drainage ditch flooding, as well as ponding on roadways in portions of Hilo, Puna, and Kau.<ref>{{Cite web|author=National Climatic Data Center|title=Event report for Tropical Depression Cosme (2)|year=2007|publisher=|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~675476}}</ref> The rainfall helped to relieve a persistent drought which had existed for several months.<ref name="disc2">{{cite news|author=Associated Press|title=Tropical depression causes few problems in Hawaii|publisher=USA Today|accessdate=2008-04-15|url=http://www.usatoday.com/weather/hurricane/2007-07-22-cosme_N.htm | date=2007-07-22}}</ref> Wind gusts reached 40&nbsp;mph (65&nbsp;km/h) in southern portions of Hawaii, causing no known damage.<ref name="disc2"/>
-==See also==
-{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
-* [[List of Hawaii hurricanes]]
-* [[Tropical Storm Cosme (disambiguation)|Other tropical cyclones named Cosme]]
-* [[Timeline of the 2007 Pacific hurricane season]]
-==References==
-{{Reflist|2}}
-{{2007 Pacific hurricane season buttons}}
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Cosme}}
-[[Category:2007 Pacific hurricane season]]
-[[Category:Category 1 Pacific hurricanes]]
-[[Category:Hurricanes in Hawaii]]
-[[de:Pazifische Hurrikansaison 2007#Hurrikan Cosme]]
-[[nl:Orkaanseizoen van de Grote Oceaan 2007#Orkaan Cosme]]
-[[pt:Furacão Cosme (2007)]]
-[[zh:2007年太平洋颶風季#颶風Cosme]]
-{{Good article}}