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{{Short description|Species of tree}}
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{{Refimprove|date=June 2013}}
{{italic title}}
{{Italic title}}
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{{More citations needed|date=June 2013}}
{{taxobox
{{Use Philippine English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Speciesbox
|name = Katmon
|name = Katmon
|status = VU
|status = NT
|status_system = iucn2.3
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Energy Development Corporation |collaboration=EDC |date=2020 |title=''Dillenia philippinensis'' |volume=2020 |page=e.T33202A68069633 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T33202A68069633.en |access-date=November 20, 2021}}</ref>
|status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{IUCN |id=33202 |taxon=Dillenia philippinensis |assessors=World Conservation Monitoring Centre |assessment_year=1998 |version=2012.2 |accessdate= 26 June 2013}}</ref>
|image = Dillenia philippinensis 1.jpg
|image = Dillenia philippinensis 1.jpg
|image_caption = ''Dillenia philippinensis'' at [[Wahiawa Botanical Garden]]
|image_caption = ''Dillenia philippinensis'' flower (petals shed) at [[Wahiawa Botanical Garden]]
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|genus = Dillenia
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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|species = philippinensis
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|authority = [[Robert Allen Rolfe|Rolfe]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
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}}
|unranked_ordo = [[Core eudicots]]
|ordo = unplaced
|familia = [[Dilleniaceae]]
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|genus = ''[[Dillenia]]''
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|species = '''''D. philippinensis'''''
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|binomial = ''Dillenia philippinensis''
|binomial_authority = Rolfe
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|}}


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'''''Dillenia philippinensis''''' ('''katmon''') is endemic to the [[Philippines]]<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /> and can be used for [[urban green space|urban greening]]. Its fruit is known as '''elephant apple'''. Katmon grows in low to medium altitude forests throughout the Philippines, but does not survive the cold climates of the uplands.


Katmon is featured on the reverse side of the [[Philippine twenty-five centavo coin]] since 2018 as part of the New Generation Currency Coin Series.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rappler.com/business/199007-philippines-new-generation-currency-coins-bangko-sentral-pilipinas|title=LOOK: Newly designed Philippine coins|publisher=Rappler|date=March 26, 2018|accessdate=March 13, 2019}}</ref>
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'''''Dillenia philippinensis''''' ('''katmon''') is a favorite [[tree]] among Filipino garden enthusiasts. It is endemic to the [[Philippines]]<ref name=IUCN/> and can be used for urban greening. Its fruit is known as '''elephant apple'''. Katmon grows in low to medium altitude forests throughout the Philippines, but does not survive the cold climates of the uplands.


==Description==
==Description==
<gallery mode=packed>
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Katmon is a medium sized [[evergreen]] tree that grows as high as 10 to 15 meters. Its trunk is erect and the branches usually start midway of the trunk. The tree is buttress-forming, evergreen, and shade tolerant. The bark is smooth with shallow fissures. The leaves are leathery, shining, ovate, elliptic or oblong-ovate, about 12 to 25 centimeters long, and coarsely toothed at the margins. Its flowers are white, large, showy, and about 15 centimeters in diameter with reddish [[pistil]]s and [[stamen]]s. The edible fruits are rounded, about six to eight centimeters in diameter, with large fleshy [[sepal]]s tightly enclosing the true fruit.
Dillenia philippinensis at Kepong Botanical Garden 20230625 105521.jpg|''Dillenia philippinensis'' leaves

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Katmon Fruit.jpg|''Dillenia philippinensis'' fruit
Properties
Dillenia philippinensis at Kepong Botanical Garden 20230625 105504.jpg|''Dillenia philippinensis'' tree
Leaves and bark are laxative and astringent.
</gallery>
Parts utilized
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Katmon is a medium-sized [[evergreen]] tree that grows as high as 10 to 15 meters. Its trunk is erect and the branches usually start midway of the trunk. The tree is buttress-forming, evergreen, and shade tolerant. The bark is smooth with shallow fissures. The leaves are leathery, shining, ovate, elliptic or oblong-ovate, about 12 to 25 centimeters long, and coarsely toothed at the margins. Its flowers are white, large, showy, and about 15 centimeters in diameter with reddish [[pistil]]s and [[stamen]]s. The edible fruits are rounded, about six to eight centimeters in diameter, with large fleshy [[sepal]]s tightly enclosing the true fruit.
Fruit, leaves, bark.

Uses
Edibility
• Fruit contains a soft, fleshy, green and edible pulp, with the flavor of a green, sour apple.
• Used for making sauces and jams; also used for flavoring fish.
• Fruit when cooked, used as vegetable.
Folkloric
• The acid juice of the fruit, mixed with sugar, is used for coughs.
• Fruit decoction used for cough.
• Also employed for cleansing the hair.
• In Sabah, young leaves or stem bark pounded and applied as paste on swellings and wounds.
• Elsewhere, sugared fruit juice used as cooling beverage for fevers; also, as cardiotonic.
• Leaves and bark used as laxative and astringent.
Others
• Red dye: A red dye is obtained from the tree bark.

Availability
Wild-crafted.




==Uses==
==Uses==
The tree is harvested for its timber and the edible fruits are said to have medicinal value.<ref name=IUCN/>


The fruit, called "elephant apple", has a diameter that is around five to six centimeters. It contains a soft, fleshy, green, and edible pulp with a flavor similar to a sour green apple. It is used to make sauces, jams, and flavoring for fish. The fruit's acid is mixed with sugar to make a traditional cure for cough. It is also used to clean the hair.


The tree is harvested for its timber<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /> as it is suitable for furniture and cabinet making. The wood has a beautiful silver grain similar to a quartered oak. A red dye can also be obtained from the bark.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.philstar.com/cebu-news/2011/05/23/688636/tree-month-part-2-katmon-dillenia-philippinesis-rolfe|title=Tree of the month part 2: Katmon (Dillenia philippinesis Rolfe)|publisher=Philstar|date=March 23, 2011|accessdate=May 29, 2019}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
http://stuartxchange.com/Katmon.html


==External links==
==External links==
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{{Commons category}}
{{Wikispecies}}
*http://www.fruitipedia.com/katmon_dillenia_philippinensis.htm
*http://www.fruitipedia.com/katmon_dillenia_philippinensis.htm


{{Taxonbar|from=Q6377702}}
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{{commons category}}

{{wikispecies}}
{{Portal|Trees|Gardening}}
[[Category:Trees of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Trees of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Dilleniaceae]]
[[Category:Dillenia|philippinensis]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1884]]

Latest revision as of 10:50, 8 February 2024

Katmon
Dillenia philippinensis flower (petals shed) at Wahiawa Botanical Garden
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Dilleniales
Family: Dilleniaceae
Genus: Dillenia
Species:
D. philippinensis
Binomial name
Dillenia philippinensis

Dillenia philippinensis (katmon) is endemic to the Philippines[1] and can be used for urban greening. Its fruit is known as elephant apple. Katmon grows in low to medium altitude forests throughout the Philippines, but does not survive the cold climates of the uplands.

Katmon is featured on the reverse side of the Philippine twenty-five centavo coin since 2018 as part of the New Generation Currency Coin Series.[2]

Description

[edit]
  • Dillenia philippinensis leaves
    Dillenia philippinensis leaves
  • Dillenia philippinensis fruit
    Dillenia philippinensis fruit
  • Dillenia philippinensis tree
    Dillenia philippinensis tree

Katmon is a medium-sized evergreen tree that grows as high as 10 to 15 meters. Its trunk is erect and the branches usually start midway of the trunk. The tree is buttress-forming, evergreen, and shade tolerant. The bark is smooth with shallow fissures. The leaves are leathery, shining, ovate, elliptic or oblong-ovate, about 12 to 25 centimeters long, and coarsely toothed at the margins. Its flowers are white, large, showy, and about 15 centimeters in diameter with reddish pistils and stamens. The edible fruits are rounded, about six to eight centimeters in diameter, with large fleshy sepals tightly enclosing the true fruit.

Uses

[edit]

The fruit, called "elephant apple", has a diameter that is around five to six centimeters. It contains a soft, fleshy, green, and edible pulp with a flavor similar to a sour green apple. It is used to make sauces, jams, and flavoring for fish. The fruit's acid is mixed with sugar to make a traditional cure for cough. It is also used to clean the hair.

The tree is harvested for its timber[1] as it is suitable for furniture and cabinet making. The wood has a beautiful silver grain similar to a quartered oak. A red dye can also be obtained from the bark.[3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Energy Development Corporation; et al. (EDC) (2020). "Dillenia philippinensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T33202A68069633. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T33202A68069633.en. Retrieved November 20, 2021.
  2. ^ "LOOK: Newly designed Philippine coins". Rappler. March 26, 2018. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  3. ^ "Tree of the month part 2: Katmon (Dillenia philippinesis Rolfe)". Philstar. March 23, 2011. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
[edit]
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