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{{Short description|Variety of grape}} |
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{{For|locks of hair on the sides of the face|payot}} |
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[[File:Bio Bio.jpg|right|thumb|Many of today's Pais vineyards are located in the Bío-Bío river valley.]] |
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'''Pais''' is a red [[wine]] [[grape]] that has played a prominent role in the [[Chilean wine]] industry. Up until the turn of the |
'''Pais''' is a red [[wine]] [[grape]] that has played a prominent role in the [[Chilean wine]] industry. Up until the turn of the 21st century, it was [[Chile]]'s most planted variety until it was overtaken by [[Cabernet Sauvignon]]. Today it is most commonly used in the production of [[jug wine]] in the [[Bío-Bío Region|Bío-Bío]], [[Maule Region|Maule]] and [[Itata River]] regions in the south. The grape is sometimes known as ''Negra Peruana''. In [[Argentina]] the grape is known as ''Criolla Chica''.<ref name="Oxford pg 503"> J. Robinson (ed) ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition pg 503 Oxford University Press 2006 {{ISBN|0-19-860990-6}} </ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The Pais has one of the longest [[viticulture|viticultural]] history in Chile, believed to have been brought to the region by [[Spain|Spanish]] [[conquistador]]s from [[Peru]] during their [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|colonization of the continent]] in the |
The Pais has one of the longest [[viticulture|viticultural]] history in Chile, believed to have been brought to the region by [[Spain|Spanish]] [[conquistador]]s from [[Peru]] during their [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|colonization of the continent]] in the 16th century. [[Ampelographer]]s believe that along with the [[Criolla Grande]] grape of [[Argentine wine|Argentina]] and [[Mission (grape)|Mission]] grape of [[California]], that the Pais grape is descended by the Spanish "common black grape" brought to [[Mexico]] in 1520 by the Spanish conquistador [[Hernán Cortés]]. That early grape was then cultivated by [[Roman Catholic Church and colonialism|Spanish missionaries]] and spread throughout the [[Americas]]. The Pais grape remained Chile's primary wine grape until the emergence of the [[Bordeaux wine]] [[varietal]]s in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.<ref name="MacNeil pg 836 & 840"> K. MacNeil ''The Wine Bible'' pg 836 & 840 Workman Publishing 2001 {{ISBN|1-56305-434-5}} </ref> |
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==Viticulture and wine== |
==Viticulture and wine== |
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[[File:DonaElitaTintoPais.jpg|thumb|red wine tinto pais of Itata Valley, Chile]] |
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Pais produces a thin bodied, rustic red wine that typically has a light brown coloring. The grape's thin skin does not provide much [[maceration (wine)|extract]] and vineyard owners typically [[harvest (wine)|harvest]] at much higher [[yield (wine)|yield]]s |
Pais produces a thin bodied, rustic red wine that typically has a light brown coloring.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Williams|first=David|date=2020-08-16|title=Superb wines made from once-maligned grape varieties {{!}} David Williams|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/2020/aug/16/superb-wines-made-from-once-maligned-grape-varieties|access-date=2020-08-16|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The grape's thin skin does not provide much [[maceration (wine)|extract]] and vineyard owners typically [[harvest (wine)|harvest]] at much higher [[yield (wine)|yield]]s than what would be needed to produce higher quality wines. The grape is valued for vigor and ease of cultivation, producing 8–13 [[ton]]s per [[acre]] even with limited amounts of [[irrigation (wine)|irrigation]]. It is mostly consumed domestically but some [[sweetness of wine|sweet]] [[dessert wine]]s have been [[export]]ed in the past.<ref name="Robinson pg 229"> J. Robinson ''Vines, Grapes & Wines'' pg 229 Mitchell Beazley 1986 {{ISBN|1-85732-999-6}} </ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Chilean wine}} |
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Latest revision as of 20:03, 8 March 2024
Pais is a red wine grape that has played a prominent role in the Chilean wine industry. Up until the turn of the 21st century, it was Chile's most planted variety until it was overtaken by Cabernet Sauvignon. Today it is most commonly used in the production of jug wine in the Bío-Bío, Maule and Itata River regions in the south. The grape is sometimes known as Negra Peruana. In Argentina the grape is known as Criolla Chica.[1]
History
[edit]The Pais has one of the longest viticultural history in Chile, believed to have been brought to the region by Spanish conquistadors from Peru during their colonization of the continent in the 16th century. Ampelographers believe that along with the Criolla Grande grape of Argentina and Mission grape of California, that the Pais grape is descended by the Spanish "common black grape" brought to Mexico in 1520 by the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés. That early grape was then cultivated by Spanish missionaries and spread throughout the Americas. The Pais grape remained Chile's primary wine grape until the emergence of the Bordeaux wine varietals in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.[2]
Viticulture and wine
[edit]
Pais produces a thin bodied, rustic red wine that typically has a light brown coloring.[3] The grape's thin skin does not provide much extract and vineyard owners typically harvest at much higher yields than what would be needed to produce higher quality wines. The grape is valued for vigor and ease of cultivation, producing 8–13 tons per acre even with limited amounts of irrigation. It is mostly consumed domestically but some sweet dessert wines have been exported in the past.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ J. Robinson (ed) "The Oxford Companion to Wine" Third Edition pg 503 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6
- ^ K. MacNeil The Wine Bible pg 836 & 840 Workman Publishing 2001 ISBN 1-56305-434-5
- ^ Williams, David (2020-08-16). "Superb wines made from once-maligned grape varieties | David Williams". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
- ^ J. Robinson Vines, Grapes & Wines pg 229 Mitchell Beazley 1986 ISBN 1-85732-999-6
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