Solaria (magazine): Difference between revisions

*Solaria*
Categories	Literary magazine
Frequency	Monthly
Publisher	Edizioni di Solaria
Founder	Alessandro Bonsanti; Alberto Carocci;
Founded	1926
Final issue	1936
Country	Kingdom of Italy
Based in	Florence
Language	Italian

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Solaria was a modernist literary magazine published in Florence, Italy, between 1926 and 1936. The title is a reference to the city of sun.^[1] The magazine is known for its significant influence on young Italian writers.^[2] It was one of the publications which contributed to the development of the concept of Europeanism.^[3]

History and profile

Solaria was established in Florence in 1926.^[4]^[5] It was inspired from two magazines: La Voce and La Ronda.^[6] The founders were Alessandro Bonsanti and Alberto Carocci.^[4] Its publisher was Edizioni di Solaria, and the magazine was published on a monthly basis.^[7]^[8] As of 1929 Giansiro Ferrata served as the co-editor of the magazine.^[9] Alessandro Bonsanti replaced him in the post in 1930 which he held until 1933.^[9]

The major goal of Solaria was to Europeanize Italian culture and to emphasize the contributions of Italian modernist writers such as Svevo and Federigo Tozzi to the European modernism.^[1] It adopted a modernist approach.^[10]^[11] The magazine had an anti-fascist stance.^[12] Its contributors were mostly the short story writers.^[7] They included Alberto Carocci, Eugenio Montale, Elio Vittorini, Carlo Emilio Gadda.^[13] and Renato Poggioli.^[14] The novel of Elio Vittorini, Il garofano rosso, was first published in the magazine.^[15] The magazine also featured poems by young Italian artists, including Sandro Penna.^[1]^[16] Gianna Manzini published her first short stories in the magazine.^[6] It also featured translations of modernist writers, including Virginia Woolf, Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, James Joyce, T. S. Eliot, Marcel Proust, Rainer Maria Rilke, Franz Kafka, and Thomas Mann.^[11] Solaria was harshly criticized by other Italian literary circles and magazines, including Il Selvaggio, Il Bargello and Il Frontespizio, due to its frequent coverage of the work by Jewish writers.^[17]

After producing a total of forty-one volumes Solaria ceased publication^[7]^[14] in 1936.^[1] Its final issue was dated 1934, although it was published in 1936.^[1] In fact, it was censored by the fascist authorities partly due to the serialization of Elio Vittorini's novel, Il garofano rosso, in the magazine.^[1]^[18]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Ann Caesar; Michael Caesar (2007). Modern Italian Literature. Cambridge: Polity. p. 175. ISBN 978-0-7456-2799-1.
^ Sergio J. Pacifici (1955). "Current Italian Literary Periodicals: A Descriptive Checklist". Books Abroad. 29 (4): 409–412. doi:10.2307/40094752. JSTOR 40094752.
^ Daria Ricchi (2021). "'Andare verso il popolo (Moving Towards the People)': Classicism and Rural Architecture at the 1936 VI Italian Triennale". Architectural Histories. 9 (1). doi:10.5334/ah.451.
^ ^a ^b Carmine Paolino (January 1980). La Narrativa di Alessandro Bonsanti (PhD thesis). University of Connecticut.
^ Lorenzo Salvagni (2013). In the Garden of Letters: Marguerite Caetani and the International Literary Review Botteghe Oscure (PhD thesis). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. doi:10.17615/qxd3-0x37.
^ ^a ^b Vanessa Santoro (2019). Fashioning sensibility: emotions in Gianna Manzini's fashion journalism (MA thesis). University of Glasgow. p. 21.
^ ^a ^b ^c Mathijs Duyck (2015). "The Modernist Short Story in Italy" (PDF). University of Ghent. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
^ Remo Cesarani; Pierluigi Pellini (2003). "The Belated Development of a Theory of Novel in Italian Literary Culture". In Peter Bondanella; Andrea Ciccarelli (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to the Italian Novel. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-521-66962-7.
^ ^a ^b Ernesto Livorni (Winter 2009). "The Giubbe Rosse Café in Florence. A Literary and Political Alcove from Futurism to Anti-Fascist Resistance". Italica. 86 (4): 604. JSTOR 20750654.
^ Gaetana Marrone, ed. (2007). Encyclopedia of Italian Literary Studies: A-J. New York; London: Routledge. p. 1898. ISBN 978-1-57958-390-3.
^ ^a ^b Eric Jon Bulson (2016). Little Magazine, World Form. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 120–121. doi:10.7312/buls17976. ISBN 9780231542326.
^ Tiffany J. Nesbit (31 October 2007). "Cafe' society: The Giubbe Rosse". The Florentine. No. 66. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
^ Maria Belén Hernández-González (2016). "The Construction of the Memory of Italy in Argentina through a Choice of Translated Essays". CALL: Irish Journal for Culture, Arts, Literature and Language. 1 (1). doi:10.21427/D7V88R.
^ ^a ^b Roberto Ludovico (2013). "Renato Poggioli. Between History and Literature". Studi Slavistici: 301–310. doi:10.13128/Studi_Slavis-14150.
^ Jane Dunnett (2002). "Foreign Literature in Fascist Italy: Circulation and Censorship". TTR: Traduction, terminologie, rédaction. 15 (2): 97–123. doi:10.7202/007480AR.
^ Livio Loi (October 2015). "Fame or Freedom? 'Resistance' to Fame and the search for Happiness of Italian modern poet Sandro Penna" (PDF). International Journal of Arts and Commerce. 4 (8). ISSN 1929-7106.
^ Lynn M. Gunzberg (1992). Strangers at Home: Jews in the Italian Literary Imagination. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. p. 244. ISBN 978-0-520-91258-8.
^ Christopher Rundle (2000). "The Censorship of Translation in Fascist Italy". The Translator. Studies in Intercultural Communication. 6 (1): 67–86. doi:10.1080/13556509.2000.10799056. hdl:11585/877981. S2CID 143704043.

[ann-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Ann Caesar; Michael Caesar (2007). Modern Italian Literature. Cambridge: Polity. p. 175. ISBN 978-0-7456-2799-1.

[2] Sergio J. Pacifici (1955). "Current Italian Literary Periodicals: A Descriptive Checklist". Books Abroad. 29 (4): 409–412. doi:10.2307/40094752. JSTOR 40094752.

[3] Daria Ricchi (2021). "'Andare verso il popolo (Moving Towards the People)': Classicism and Rural Architecture at the 1936 VI Italian Triennale". Architectural Histories. 9 (1). doi:10.5334/ah.451.

[pao-4] Carmine Paolino (January 1980). La Narrativa di Alessandro Bonsanti (PhD thesis). University of Connecticut.

[lor-5] Lorenzo Salvagni (2013). In the Garden of Letters: Marguerite Caetani and the International Literary Review Botteghe Oscure (PhD thesis). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. doi:10.17615/qxd3-0x37.

[vansa-6] Vanessa Santoro (2019). Fashioning sensibility: emotions in Gianna Manzini's fashion journalism (MA thesis). University of Glasgow. p. 21.

[duy-7] Mathijs Duyck (2015). "The Modernist Short Story in Italy" (PDF). University of Ghent. Retrieved 8 January 2017.

[8] Remo Cesarani; Pierluigi Pellini (2003). "The Belated Development of a Theory of Novel in Italian Literary Culture". In Peter Bondanella; Andrea Ciccarelli (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to the Italian Novel. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-521-66962-7.

[vorni-9] Ernesto Livorni (Winter 2009). "The Giubbe Rosse Café in Florence. A Literary and Political Alcove from Futurism to Anti-Fascist Resistance". Italica. 86 (4): 604. JSTOR 20750654.

[10] Gaetana Marrone, ed. (2007). Encyclopedia of Italian Literary Studies: A-J. New York; London: Routledge. p. 1898. ISBN 978-1-57958-390-3.

[ejbul-11] Eric Jon Bulson (2016). Little Magazine, World Form. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 120–121. doi:10.7312/buls17976. ISBN 9780231542326.

[jnes-12] Tiffany J. Nesbit (31 October 2007). "Cafe' society: The Giubbe Rosse". The Florentine. No. 66. Retrieved 8 January 2017.

[13] Maria Belén Hernández-González (2016). "The Construction of the Memory of Italy in Argentina through a Choice of Translated Essays". CALL: Irish Journal for Culture, Arts, Literature and Language. 1 (1). doi:10.21427/D7V88R.

[rob-14] Roberto Ludovico (2013). "Renato Poggioli. Between History and Literature". Studi Slavistici: 301–310. doi:10.13128/Studi_Slavis-14150.

[15] Jane Dunnett (2002). "Foreign Literature in Fascist Italy: Circulation and Censorship". TTR: Traduction, terminologie, rédaction. 15 (2): 97–123. doi:10.7202/007480AR.

[16] Livio Loi (October 2015). "Fame or Freedom? 'Resistance' to Fame and the search for Happiness of Italian modern poet Sandro Penna" (PDF). International Journal of Arts and Commerce. 4 (8). ISSN 1929-7106.

[17] Lynn M. Gunzberg (1992). Strangers at Home: Jews in the Italian Literary Imagination. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. p. 244. ISBN 978-0-520-91258-8.

[18] Christopher Rundle (2000). "The Censorship of Translation in Fascist Italy". The Translator. Studies in Intercultural Communication. 6 (1): 67–86. doi:10.1080/13556509.2000.10799056. hdl:11585/877981. S2CID 143704043.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Monthly literary magazine in Italy (1926–1936)}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
 {{Infobox magazine
 | logo            =
@@ Line 9: / Line 10: @@
 | editor          =
 | editor_title    =
-| previous_editor =
-| staff_writer    =
-| photographer    =
 | category        = [[Literary magazine]]
 | frequency       = Monthly
 | circulation     =
 | publisher       = Edizioni di Solaria
-| founder         =
+| founder         = {{ubl|[[Alessandro Bonsanti]] | Alberto Carocci}}
 | founded         = 1926
 | firstdate       =
 | finaldate       = 1936
 | company         =
-| country         = [[Italy]]
+| country         = [[Kingdom of Italy]]
 | based           = [[Florence]]
 | language        = [[Italian language|Italian]]
-| website         = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
 | issn            =
 | oclc            =
 }}
-'''''Solaria''''' was an [[Italian language]] modernist literary magazine published in [[Florence]], [[Italy]], between 1926 and 1936. The title is a reference to the city of sun.<ref name="ann"/> The magazine is known for its significant influence on young Italian writers.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Sergio J. Pacifici|title=Current Italian Literary Periodicals:  A Descriptive Checklist|journal=Books Abroad|date=1955|volume=29|issue=4|jstor=40094752}}</ref>
+'''''Solaria''''' was a modernist literary magazine published in [[Florence]], Italy, between 1926 and 1936. The title is a reference to the city of sun.<ref name="ann"/> The magazine is known for its significant influence on young Italian writers.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Sergio J. Pacifici|title=Current Italian Literary Periodicals: A Descriptive Checklist|journal=Books Abroad|year=1955|volume=29|issue=4|pages=409–412 |jstor=40094752|doi=10.2307/40094752}}</ref> It was one of the publications which contributed to the development of the concept of [[European values|Europeanism]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Daria Ricchi|title='Andare verso il popolo (Moving Towards the People)': Classicism and Rural Architecture at the 1936 VI Italian Triennale|journal=[[Architectural Histories]]|volume=9|issue=1|year=2021|doi=10.5334/ah.451|doi-access=free}}</ref>
 ==History and profile==
+''Solaria'' was established in Florence in 1926.<ref name="pao"/><ref name="lor">{{cite thesis|author=Lorenzo Salvagni|title=In the Garden of Letters: Marguerite Caetani and the International Literary Review Botteghe Oscure|year=2013|url=https://doi.org/10.17615/qxd3-0x37
-''Solaria'' was established in Florence in 1926.<ref name="pao"/><ref name="lor">{{cite web|author=Lorenzo Salvagni|title=In the Garden of Letters|url=https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/indexablecontent/uuid:d43d7375-3285-4dea-912b-bd01b4520b6e|work=University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|accessdate=8 January 2017|format=PhD Thesis|date=2013}}</ref> The founders were Alessandro Bonsanti and Alberto Carocci.<ref name="pao">{{cite web|author1=Carmine Paolino|title=La Narrativa di Alessandro Bonsanti|url=http://digitalcommons.uconn.edu/dissertations/AAI8103221/|publisher=University of Connecticut|accessdate=8 January 2017|format=PhD Thesis|date=January 1980}}</ref> The publisher was Edizioni di Solaria.<ref name="duy"/> The magazine was published on a monthly basis.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Remo Cesarani|author2=Pierluigi Pellini|editor2=Andrea Ciccarelli|editor1=Peter Bondanella|title=The Cambridge Companion to the Italian Novel|date=31 July 2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-66962-7|page=7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0nMsnG6ed8kC&pg=PA1|accessdate=8 January 2017|chapter=The Belated Development of a Theory of Novel in Italian Literary Culture}}</ref>
+|location=[[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]]|degree=PhD|doi=10.17615/qxd3-0x37}}</ref> It was inspired from two magazines: ''[[La Voce (magazine)|La Voce]]'' and ''[[La Ronda (magazine)|La Ronda]]''.<ref name=vansa/> The founders were [[Alessandro Bonsanti]] and Alberto Carocci.<ref name="pao">{{cite thesis|author=Carmine Paolino|title=La Narrativa di Alessandro Bonsanti|date=January 1980|location=[[University of Connecticut]]|url=http://digitalcommons.uconn.edu/dissertations/AAI8103221/|degree=PhD}}</ref> Its publisher was Edizioni di Solaria, and the magazine was published on a monthly basis.<ref name="duy"/><ref>{{cite book|author1=Remo Cesarani|author2=Pierluigi Pellini|editor2=Andrea Ciccarelli|editor1=Peter Bondanella|title=The Cambridge Companion to the Italian Novel|year=2003|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
+|isbn=978-0-521-66962-7|page=7|location=Cambridge, UK|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0nMsnG6ed8kC&pg=PA1|chapter=The Belated Development of a Theory of Novel in Italian Literary Culture}}</ref> As of 1929 Giansiro Ferrata served as the co-editor of the magazine.<ref name=vorni/> Alessandro Bonsanti replaced him in the post in 1930 which he held until 1933.<ref name=vorni>{{cite journal|author=Ernesto Livorni|title=The Giubbe Rosse Café in Florence. A Literary and Political Alcove from Futurism to Anti-Fascist Resistance|journal=Italica
+|date=Winter 2009|volume=86|issue=4|page=604|jstor=20750654}}</ref>
+The major goal of ''Solaria'' was to Europeanize [[Italian culture]] and to emphasize the contributions of Italian modernist writers such as [[Svevo]] and [[Federigo Tozzi]] to the European modernism.<ref name="ann"/> It adopted a modernist approach.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Gaetana Marrone|title=Encyclopedia of Italian Literary Studies: A-J|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=69ey6Z-05fMC&pg=PA1898|year=2007|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-57958-390-3|page=1898|location=New York; London}}</ref><ref name=ejbul>{{cite book|author=Eric Jon Bulson|title=Little Magazine, World Form|year=2016|publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |location=New York|isbn=9780231542326|pages=120–121|doi=10.7312/buls17976
-The major goal of ''Solaria'' was to Europeanize [[Italian culture]] and to emphasize the contributions of Italian modernist writers such as [[Svevo]] and [[Federigo Tozzi]] to European modernism.<ref name="ann"/> The magazine adopted a [[modernist]] approach.<ref>{{cite book|author=Gaetana Marrone|title=Encyclopedia of Italian Literary Studies: A-J|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=69ey6Z-05fMC&pg=PA1898|accessdate=8 January 2017|year=2007|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-57958-390-3|page=1898}}</ref> ''Solaria'' had an [[anti-fascist]] stance.<ref name="jnes">{{cite news|author=Tiffany J. Nesbit|title=Cafe’ society: The Giubbe Rosse|url=http://www.theflorentine.net/lifestyle/2007/10/cafe-society-the-giubbe-rosse/|accessdate=8 January 2017|work=The Florentine|issue=66|date=31 October 2007}}</ref> The contributors of the magazine were mostly the [[short story]] writers.<ref name="duy">{{cite web|author=Mathijs Duyck|title=The Modernist Short Story in Italy|url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/6931840/file/6931841.pdf|publisher=University of Ghent|accessdate=8 January 2017|date=2015}}</ref> They included Alberto Carocci, [[Eugenio Montale]], [[Elio Vittorini]], [[Carlo Emilio Gadda]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Maria Belén Hernández-González|title=The Construction of the Memory of Italy in Argentina through a Choice of Translated Essays|journal=CALL: Irish Journal for Culture, Arts, Literature and Language|date=2016|volume=1|issue=1|url=http://arrow.dit.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=priamls|accessdate=8 January 2017}}</ref> and [[Renato Poggioli]].<ref name="rob">{{cite journal|author=Roberto Ludovico|title=Renato Poggioli. Between History and Literature|journal=Studi Slavistici|date=2013|url=http://www.fupress.net/index.php/ss/article/viewFile/14150/13152|accessdate=8 January 2017}}</ref> The novel of Elio Vittorini, ''Il garofano rosso'', was first published in the magazine.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Jane Dunnett|title=Foreign Literature in Fascist Italy: Circulation and Censorship|journal=TTR : traduction, terminologie, rédaction,|date=2002|volume=15|issue=2|url=https://www.erudit.org/revue/ttr/2002/v15/n2/007480ar.html|accessdate=8 January 2017}}</ref> The magazine also featured poems by young Italian artists such as [[Sandro Penna]].<ref name="ann"/><ref>{{cite journal|author=Livio Loi|title=Fame or Freedom? ‘Resistance’ to Fame and the search for Happiness of Italian modern poet Sandro Penna|journal=International Journal of Arts and Commerce|date=October 2015|volume=4|issue=8|url=http://www.ijac.org.uk/images/frontImages/gallery/Vol._4_No._8/11._95-107.pdf|accessdate=8 January 2017}}</ref> It was harshly criticised by other Italian literary circles and magazines, including ''[[Il Selvaggio]]'', ''[[Il Bargello]]'' and ''[[Il Frontespizio]]'', due to its frequent coverage of [[Jewish]] writers.<ref>{{cite book|author=Lynn M. Gunzberg|title=Strangers at Home: Jews in the Italian Literary Imagination|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PIRY8wo66l0C&pg=PA244|accessdate=8 January 2017|date=30 December 1992|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-91258-8|page=244}}</ref>
+|url=https://doi.org/10.7312/buls17976}}</ref> The magazine had an [[anti-fascist]] stance.<ref name="jnes">{{cite news|author=Tiffany J. Nesbit
+|title=Cafe' society: The Giubbe Rosse|url=http://www.theflorentine.net/lifestyle/2007/10/cafe-society-the-giubbe-rosse/|access-date=8 January 2017|work=The Florentine|issue=66|date=31 October 2007}}</ref> Its contributors were mostly the [[short story]] writers.<ref name="duy">{{cite web|author=Mathijs Duyck|title=The Modernist Short Story in Italy|publisher=University of Ghent|access-date=8 January 2017|year=2015
+|url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/6931840/file/6931841.pdf}}</ref> They included Alberto Carocci, [[Eugenio Montale]], [[Elio Vittorini]], [[Carlo Emilio Gadda]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Maria Belén Hernández-González|title=The Construction of the Memory of Italy in Argentina through a Choice of Translated Essays|journal=CALL: Irish Journal for Culture, Arts, Literature and Language|issue=1|doi=10.21427/D7V88R
+|year=2016|volume=1}}</ref> and [[Renato Poggioli]].<ref name="rob">{{cite journal|author=Roberto Ludovico|title=Renato Poggioli. Between History and Literature|journal=Studi Slavistici|year=2013|pages=301–310|doi=10.13128/Studi_Slavis-14150}}</ref> The novel of Elio Vittorini, ''Il garofano rosso'', was first published in the magazine.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Jane Dunnett|volume=15|title=Foreign Literature in Fascist Italy: Circulation and Censorship|journal=TTR: Traduction, terminologie, rédaction|year=2002|pages=97–123|issue=2|doi=10.7202/007480AR|doi-access=free}}</ref> The magazine also featured poems by young Italian artists, including [[Sandro Penna]].<ref name="ann"/><ref>{{cite journal
+|author=Livio Loi|title=Fame or Freedom? 'Resistance' to Fame and the search for Happiness of Italian modern poet Sandro Penna|date=October 2015
+|journal=International Journal of Arts and Commerce|url=http://www.ijac.org.uk/images/frontImages/gallery/Vol._4_No._8/11._95-107.pdf|issue=8
+|volume=4|issn=1929-7106}}</ref> [[Gianna Manzini]] published her first short stories in the magazine.<ref name=vansa>{{cite thesis
+|author=Vanessa Santoro|title=Fashioning sensibility: emotions in Gianna Manzini's fashion journalism|url=https://theses.gla.ac.uk/81358/
+|location=[[University of Glasgow]]|page=21|degree=MA|year=2019}}</ref> It also featured translations of modernist writers, including [[Virginia Woolf]], [[Ernest Hemingway]], [[William Faulkner]], [[James Joyce]], [[T. S. Eliot]], [[Marcel Proust]], [[Rainer Maria Rilke]], [[Franz Kafka]], and [[Thomas Mann]].<ref name=ejbul/> ''Solaria'' was harshly criticized by other Italian literary circles and magazines, including ''[[Il Selvaggio]]'', ''[[Il Bargello]]'' and ''[[Il Frontespizio]]'', due to its frequent coverage of the work by [[Jewish]] writers.<ref>{{cite book|author=Lynn M. Gunzberg|title=Strangers at Home: Jews in the Italian Literary Imagination|year=1992|isbn=978-0-520-91258-8
+|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley, CA|url=https://archive.org/details/strangersathomej0000gunz|url-access=registration
+|page=[https://archive.org/details/strangersathomej0000gunz/page/244 244]}}</ref>
+After producing a total of forty-one volumes ''Solaria'' ceased publication<ref name="duy"/><ref name="rob"/> in 1936.<ref name=ann>{{cite book
-After producing  a total of forty-one volumes ''Solaria'' ceased publication<ref name="duy"/><ref name="rob"/> in 1936.<ref name=ann>{{cite book|author1=Ann Caesar|author2=Michael Caesar|title=Modern Italian Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uw83EQYtZPYC&pg=PA175|accessdate=8 January 2017|date=11 September 2007|publisher=Polity|isbn=978-0-7456-2799-1|page=175}}</ref> The final issue was dated 1934, although it was published in 1936.<ref name="ann"/> In fact, it was banned due to the [[Censorship in Italy|censorship]] exerted by the [[Fascism in Italy|fascist authorities]].<ref name="lor"/><ref name="jnes"/> The reason for this censorship was partly the serialization of Elio Vittorini's novel, ''Il garofano rosso'', in the magazine.<ref name="ann"/><ref>{{cite journal|author=Christopher Rundle|title=The Censorship of Translation in Fascist Italy|journal=The Translator. Studies in Intercultural Communication|date=2000|volume=6|issue=1|url=http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/36706367/Rundle_2000_The_Translator_Vol_6_No1.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAJ56TQJRTWSMTNPEA&Expires=1483867101&Signature=kMVEswBk4X2SMYO1tyhw%2ByOYdzI%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DThe_Censorship_of_Translation_in_Fascist.pdf|accessdate=8 January 2017}}</ref>
+|author1=Ann Caesar|author2=Michael Caesar|title=Modern Italian Literature|page=175|year=2007|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-7456-2799-1
+|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uw83EQYtZPYC&pg=PA175|publisher=Polity}}</ref> Its final issue was dated 1934, although it was published in 1936.<ref name="ann"/> In fact, it was [[Censorship in Italy|censored]] by the [[Fascism in Italy|fascist authorities]] partly due to the serialization of Elio Vittorini's novel, ''Il garofano rosso'', in the magazine.<ref name="ann"/><ref>{{cite journal|author=Christopher Rundle
+|title=The Censorship of Translation in Fascist Italy|journal=The Translator. Studies in Intercultural Communication|date=2000|volume=6|issue=1
+|pages=67–86|doi=10.1080/13556509.2000.10799056|hdl=11585/877981|s2cid=143704043|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
 ==References==
-{{Reflist|33em}}
+{{Reflist}}
+{{Authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Solaria}}
 [[Category:1926 establishments in Italy]]
 [[Category:1936 disestablishments in Italy]]
+[[Category:Anti-fascism in Italy]]
+[[Category:Banned magazines]]
 [[Category:Censorship in Italy]]
-[[Category:Defunct magazines of Italy]]
+[[Category:Defunct literary magazines published in Italy]]
-[[Category:Defunct literary magazines of Europe]]
+[[Category:Defunct Italian-language magazines]]
-[[Category:Italian-language magazines]]
-[[Category:Italian literary magazines]]
-[[Category:Italian monthly magazines]]
 [[Category:Magazines established in 1926]]
 [[Category:Magazines disestablished in 1936]]
-[[Category:Media in Florence]]
+[[Category:Magazines published in Florence]]
+[[Category:Literary modernism]]
+[[Category:Monthly magazines published in Italy]]
 [[Category:Poetry literary magazines]]