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{{Short description|Rocket engine}}
{{infobox rocket engine
{{infobox rocket engine
|name = TQ-12
|name = TQ-12
Line 9: Line 10:
|last_date =
|last_date =
|designer =
|designer =
|manufacturer = [[Landspace]]
|manufacturer = [[LandSpace]]
|purpose =
|purpose =
|associated =
|associated =
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|status = Active
|status = Active


|type = Liquid
|type = liquid
|oxidiser = [[Liquid oxygen]]
|oxidizer = [[Liquid oxygen|LOX]]
|fuel = [[Liquefied natural gas]]
|fuel = [[liquid methane|CH{{sub|4}}]]
⚫
|mixture_ratio = 2.92
|cycle = [[Gas-generator cycle]]
|cycle = [[Gas-generator cycle]]
⚫
|mixture_ratio = 2.92
|pumps =
|pumps =


Line 35: Line 36:
|chamber_pressure= {{convert|10.1|MPa|psi|abbr=on}}
|chamber_pressure= {{convert|10.1|MPa|psi|abbr=on}}
|specific_impulse=
|specific_impulse=
|specific_impulse_vacuum= 337s
|specific_impulse_vacuum= 337 s
|specific_impulse_sea_level= 284.5s
|specific_impulse_sea_level= 284.5 s
|total_impulse =
|total_impulse =
|burn_time =
|burn_time =
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|capacity =
|capacity =


|dimensions = 3.9m
|dimensions = 3.9 m
|length =
|length =
|diameter = 1.5m
|diameter = 1.5 m
|dry_weight =
|dry_weight =


|used_in = [[ZQ-2]]
|used_in = [[ZQ-2]]
|notes = <ref>{{cite web |title=TQ-12 Engine |url=http://www.landspace.com/propulsions/show.php?id=126&lang=gb |website=Landspace |access-date=4 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title="天鹊"80吨液氧甲烷发动机100%推力100秒试车圆满成功 |url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5OTQ3OTA1NA==&mid=2653170924&idx=1&sn=def945de793bfa71aacf2c48bba3c73f&chksm=8b51378dbc26be9b15c22375488d3015bebc23467099e86667b739b02252bfadddb2056ba19b&token=575113164&lang=zh_CN&scene=21#wechat_redirect |website=Weixin Official Account Platform |publisher=LandSpace |access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=突破推力调节技术 80吨液氧甲烷发动机200秒变推力试车成功 |url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/epm849_1t18X8WCQbuWRjA |website=Weixin Official Account Platform |publisher=LandSpace |access-date=10 September 2022}}</ref>
|notes = <ref>{{cite web |title=TQ-12 Engine |url=http://www.landspace.com/propulsions/show.php?id=126&lang=gb |website=LandSpace |access-date=4 March 2021}}</ref><ref name=Test-100s-2019>{{cite web |title="天鹊"80吨液氧甲烷发动机100%推力100秒试车圆满成功("Tianque" 80-ton liquid oxygen methane engine successfully tested for 100 seconds with 100% thrust) |date=22 July 2019 |url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5OTQ3OTA1NA==&mid=2653170924&idx=1&sn=def945de793bfa71aacf2c48bba3c73f&chksm=8b51378dbc26be9b15c22375488d3015bebc23467099e86667b739b02252bfadddb2056ba19b&token=575113164&lang=zh_CN&scene=21#wechat_redirect |website=Weixin Official Account Platform |publisher=LandSpace |access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref><ref name=var-thrust-2019/>
}}
}}


The '''TQ-12''' ({{zh|s=天鹊-12|p=Tiānquè-12}}, lit. ''Sky Lark 12'') is a [[gas-generator cycle]] [[rocket engine]] burning liquid methane and liquid oxygen under development by [[Landspace]].<ref name="spacenews4321">{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Andrew |title=Landspace assembles methalox engine, signs international agreements |url=https://spacenews.com/landspace-assembles-methalox-engine-signs-international-agreements/ |website=SpaceNews |access-date=4 March 2021 |date=16 May 2019}}</ref> TQ-12 is the first Chinese liquid rocket engine developed with private funding.<ref>{{cite web |title=LandSpace Technology Obtains More Millions for Rocket Development |url=http://www.satnews.com/story.php?number=21779161&menu=1 |website=Satnews Daily |access-date=4 March 2021}}</ref> The engine has been designed to produce {{convert|670|kN|lbf|lk=on}} of thrust at sea level.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chen |first1=Lan |last2=Myrrhe |first2=Jacqueline |title=The Space Review: Will LandSpace be China's SpaceX? |url=https://www.thespacereview.com/article/3787/1 |website=www.thespacereview.com |access-date=4 March 2021}}</ref>
The '''TQ-12''' ({{zh|s=天鹊-12|p=Tiānquè-12}}, lit. ''Sky Lark 12'') is a [[gas-generator cycle]] [[rocket engine]] burning liquid methane and liquid oxygen (methalox) developed by [[LandSpace]].<ref name="spacenews4321">{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Andrew |title=Landspace assembles methalox engine, signs international agreements |url=https://spacenews.com/landspace-assembles-methalox-engine-signs-international-agreements/ |website=SpaceNews |access-date=4 March 2021 |date=16 May 2019}}</ref> TQ-12 is the first Chinese liquid rocket engine developed with private funding.<ref>{{cite web |title=LandSpace Technology Obtains More Millions for Rocket Development |url=http://www.satnews.com/story.php?number=21779161&menu=1 |website=Satnews Daily |access-date=4 March 2021 |date=2019}}</ref> The engine has been designed to produce {{convert|670|kN|lbf|lk=on}} of thrust at sea level.<ref name=SR-2019-09>{{cite web |last1=Chen |first1=Lan |last2=Myrrhe |first2=Jacqueline |title=The Space Review: Will LandSpace be China's SpaceX? |url=https://www.thespacereview.com/article/3787/1 |website=www.thespacereview.com |access-date=4 March 2021 |date=3 Sep 2019}}</ref>


[[File:2020年5月14日 朱雀二号火箭完成控制系统与发动机匹配验证.webm|thumb|right|A TQ-12 engine during a hot firing test on May 14, 2020]]
[[File:2020年5月14日 朱雀二号火箭完成控制系统与发动机匹配验证.webm|thumb|right|A TQ-12 engine during a hot firing test on 14 May 2020]]


==History==
==History==
The engine passed its first power pack test including the [[turbopump]], valves, [[Ignition system|ignition components]], and the [[gas generator]] at a LandSpace facility in [[Huzhou]] on March 25, 2019.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Andrew |title=Landspace, iSpace and Linkspace of China claim progress on new launchers |url=https://spacenews.com/landspace-ispace-and-linkspace-of-china-claim-progress-on-new-launchers/ |website=SpaceNews |date=23 April 2019}}</ref> The engine's first full assembly was delivered in May 2019, and a hot fire test was successfully conducted the same month.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Andrew |title=Landspace assembles methalox engine, signs international agreements |url=https://spacenews.com/landspace-assembles-methalox-engine-signs-international-agreements/ |website=SpaceNews |date=16 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Nyirady |first1=Annamarie |title=China's LandSpace Successfully Tests TQ-12 Engine - Via Satellite - |url=https://www.satellitetoday.com/launch/2019/05/17/chinas-landspace-successfully-tests-tq-12-engine/ |website=Via Satellite |access-date=8 August 2022 |language=en |date=17 May 2019}}</ref> The engine passed its first 200 seconds variable thrust test on October 26, 2019. <ref>{{cite web |title=突破推力调节技术 80吨液氧甲烷发动机200秒变推力试车成功 |url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/epm849_1t18X8WCQbuWRjA |website=Weixin Official Accounts Platform |publisher=LandSpace |access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref> Series of 400s hot fire tests were conducted in January 2021 and the first-stage engine assembly for LandSpace's Zhuque-2 rocket was completed in February 2021. It consists of four TQ-12 engines providing a takeoff thrust of 268 tons.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Andrew |title=Landspace closes in on orbital launch with liquid methane rocket |url=https://spacenews.com/landspace-closes-in-on-orbital-launch-with-liquid-methane-rocket/ |website=SpaceNews |date=19 February 2021}}</ref> 37 TQ-12 family engines have been built by LandSpace as of July 31, 2022, with a hot fire test duration of more than 20,000 seconds. A record-breaking 3357 seconds of hot firing time were accumulated by one engine after it was started 11 times. In August 2022, Landspace successfully tested the improved TQ-12A. Compared with the original TQ-12, the engine thrust is increased by 9%, the specific impulse is increased by 40 m/s, and the weight is reduced by 100kg. <ref>{{cite web |title=蓝箭航天天鹊80吨改进型发动机完成二次起动试车 - 科学探索 |url=https://www.cnbeta.com/articles/science/1308661.htm |website=cnBeta.COM |access-date=26 August 2022 |language=zh-CN}}</ref> On December 14, 2022, Zhuque-2 completed its maiden flight. Four TQ-12 engines powered the first stage, which performed normally during the flight. However, the [[TQ-11]] vernier engines used in the second stage failed, and the rocket was lost. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Beil |first1=Adrian |title=Chinese Zhuque-2 fails during first methalox orbital launch attempt |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/12/zhuque2-debut/ |website=NASASpaceFlight.com |access-date=18 December 2022 |date=14 December 2022}}</ref>
The engine passed its first power pack test including the [[turbopump]], valves, [[Ignition system|ignition components]], and the [[gas generator]] at a LandSpace facility in [[Huzhou]] on March 25, 2019.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Andrew |title=Landspace, iSpace and Linkspace of China claim progress on new launchers |url=https://spacenews.com/landspace-ispace-and-linkspace-of-china-claim-progress-on-new-launchers/ |website=SpaceNews |date=23 April 2019}}</ref> The engine's first full assembly was delivered in May 2019, and a hot fire test was successfully conducted the same month.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Andrew |title=Landspace assembles methalox engine, signs international agreements |url=https://spacenews.com/landspace-assembles-methalox-engine-signs-international-agreements/ |website=SpaceNews |date=16 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Nyirady |first1=Annamarie |title=China's LandSpace Successfully Tests TQ-12 Engine - Via Satellite - |url=https://www.satellitetoday.com/launch/2019/05/17/chinas-landspace-successfully-tests-tq-12-engine/ |website=Via Satellite |access-date=8 August 2022 |language=en |date=17 May 2019}}</ref> The engine passed its first 200 seconds variable thrust test on October 26, 2019.<ref name=var-thrust-2019>{{cite web |title=突破推力调节技术 80吨液氧甲烷发动机200秒变推力试车成功(Breakthrough in thrust adjustment technology and successful 200-second variable thrust test of 80-ton liquid oxygen methane engine) |url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/epm849_1t18X8WCQbuWRjA |website=Weixin Official Accounts Platform |publisher=LandSpace |date=26 Oct 2019 |access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref> Series of 400s hot fire tests were conducted in January 2021 and the first-stage engine assembly for LandSpace's Zhuque-2 rocket was completed in February 2021. It consists of four TQ-12 engines providing a takeoff thrust of 268 tons.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Andrew |title=Landspace closes in on orbital launch with liquid methane rocket |url=https://spacenews.com/landspace-closes-in-on-orbital-launch-with-liquid-methane-rocket/ |website=SpaceNews |date=19 February 2021}}</ref> 37 TQ-12 family engines have been built by LandSpace as of July 31, 2022, with a hot fire test duration of more than 20,000 seconds. A record-breaking 3357 seconds of hot firing time were accumulated by one engine after it was started 11 times.<ref name=cnb-22/>
In August 2022, LandSpace successfully tested the improved TQ-12A. Compared with the original TQ-12, the engine thrust is increased by 9%, the specific impulse is increased by 40 m/s, and the weight is reduced by 100kg.<ref name=cnb-22>{{cite web |title=蓝箭航天天鹊80吨改进型发动机完成二次起动试车 - 科学探索 |url=https://www.cnbeta.com/articles/science/1308661.htm |website=cnBeta.COM |access-date=26 August 2022 |language=zh-CN |archive-date=26 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826022012/https://www.cnbeta.com/articles/science/1308661.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
On December 14, 2022, Zhuque-2 completed its maiden flight. Four TQ-12 engines powered the first stage, which performed normally during the flight. However, the [[TQ-11]] vernier engines used in the second stage failed, and the rocket was lost.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Beil |first1=Adrian |title=Chinese Zhuque-2 fails during first methalox orbital launch attempt |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/12/zhuque2-debut/ |website=NASASpaceFlight.com |access-date=18 December 2022 |date=14 December 2022}}</ref>

In July 2023, the 2nd launch of [[Zhuque-2]] was successful and the payload reached orbit.


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 11:14, 5 August 2024

TQ-12
Country of originChina
ManufacturerLandSpace
StatusActive
Liquid-fuel engine
PropellantLOX / CH4
Mixture ratio2.92
CycleGas-generator cycle
Configuration
Nozzle ratio45
Performance
Thrust, vacuum745 kilonewtons (167,000 lbf) for sea level nozzle
785 kilonewtons (176,000 lbf) for vacuum nozzle
Thrust, sea-level658 kilonewtons (148,000 lbf)
Chamber pressure10.1 MPa (1,460 psi)
Specific impulse, vacuum337 s
Specific impulse, sea-level284.5 s
Dimensions
Measurement3.9 m
Diameter1.5 m
Used in
ZQ-2
References
Notes[1][2][3]

The TQ-12 (Chinese: 天鹊-12; pinyin: Tiānquè-12, lit. Sky Lark 12) is a gas-generator cycle rocket engine burning liquid methane and liquid oxygen (methalox) developed by LandSpace.[4] TQ-12 is the first Chinese liquid rocket engine developed with private funding.[5] The engine has been designed to produce 670 kilonewtons (150,000 lbf) of thrust at sea level.[6]

A TQ-12 engine during a hot firing test on 14 May 2020

History

[edit]

The engine passed its first power pack test including the turbopump, valves, ignition components, and the gas generator at a LandSpace facility in Huzhou on March 25, 2019.[7] The engine's first full assembly was delivered in May 2019, and a hot fire test was successfully conducted the same month.[8][9] The engine passed its first 200 seconds variable thrust test on October 26, 2019.[3] Series of 400s hot fire tests were conducted in January 2021 and the first-stage engine assembly for LandSpace's Zhuque-2 rocket was completed in February 2021. It consists of four TQ-12 engines providing a takeoff thrust of 268 tons.[10] 37 TQ-12 family engines have been built by LandSpace as of July 31, 2022, with a hot fire test duration of more than 20,000 seconds. A record-breaking 3357 seconds of hot firing time were accumulated by one engine after it was started 11 times.[11]

In August 2022, LandSpace successfully tested the improved TQ-12A. Compared with the original TQ-12, the engine thrust is increased by 9%, the specific impulse is increased by 40 m/s, and the weight is reduced by 100kg.[11]

On December 14, 2022, Zhuque-2 completed its maiden flight. Four TQ-12 engines powered the first stage, which performed normally during the flight. However, the TQ-11 vernier engines used in the second stage failed, and the rocket was lost.[12]

In July 2023, the 2nd launch of Zhuque-2 was successful and the payload reached orbit.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "TQ-12 Engine". LandSpace. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  2. ^ ""天鹊"80吨液氧甲烷发动机100%推力100秒试车圆满成功("Tianque" 80-ton liquid oxygen methane engine successfully tested for 100 seconds with 100% thrust)". Weixin Official Account Platform. LandSpace. 22 July 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  3. ^ a b "突破推力调节技术 80吨液氧甲烷发动机200秒变推力试车成功(Breakthrough in thrust adjustment technology and successful 200-second variable thrust test of 80-ton liquid oxygen methane engine)". Weixin Official Accounts Platform. LandSpace. 26 Oct 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  4. ^ Jones, Andrew (16 May 2019). "Landspace assembles methalox engine, signs international agreements". SpaceNews. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  5. ^ "LandSpace Technology Obtains More Millions for Rocket Development". Satnews Daily. 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  6. ^ Chen, Lan; Myrrhe, Jacqueline (3 Sep 2019). "The Space Review: Will LandSpace be China's SpaceX?". www.thespacereview.com. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  7. ^ Jones, Andrew (23 April 2019). "Landspace, iSpace and Linkspace of China claim progress on new launchers". SpaceNews.
  8. ^ Jones, Andrew (16 May 2019). "Landspace assembles methalox engine, signs international agreements". SpaceNews.
  9. ^ Nyirady, Annamarie (17 May 2019). "China's LandSpace Successfully Tests TQ-12 Engine - Via Satellite -". Via Satellite. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  10. ^ Jones, Andrew (19 February 2021). "Landspace closes in on orbital launch with liquid methane rocket". SpaceNews.
  11. ^ a b "蓝箭航天天鹊80吨改进型发动机完成二次起动试车 - 科学探索". cnBeta.COM (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  12. ^ Beil, Adrian (14 December 2022). "Chinese Zhuque-2 fails during first methalox orbital launch attempt". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
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