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{{Disputed|date=September 2021}}
[[File:Mahabodhi Indrasala Cave.jpg|thumb|Visit of Indra to the Indrasala cave. The Buddha is symbolized by his throne in the cave ([[Mahabodhi Temple]], [[Bodh Gaya]], circa 150 BCE).]]
[[File:Mahabodhi Indrasala Cave.jpg|thumb|Visit of Indra to the Indrasala cave. The Buddha is symbolized by his throne in the cave ([[Mahabodhi Temple]], [[Bodh Gaya]], circa 150 BCE).]]
[[File:The Visit of Indra to the Buddha in the Indrasaila cave near Rajagriha Sanchi Stupa 1Northern Gateway.jpg|thumb|The Visit of Indra to the Buddha in the Indrasaila cave. The Buddha is [[Aniconism in Buddhism|symbolized]] by his throne. Wild animal are depicted around the cave (Stupa 1 Northern Gateway, [[Sanchi]]. 1st century BCE/CE).]]
[[File:The Visit of Indra to the Buddha in the Indrasaila cave near Rajagriha Sanchi Stupa 1Northern Gateway.jpg|thumb|The Visit of Indra to the Buddha in the Indrasaila cave. The Buddha is [[Aniconism in Buddhism|symbolized]] by his throne. Wild animal are depicted around the cave (Stupa 1 Northern Gateway, [[Sanchi]]. 1st century BCE/CE).]]
The '''Indrasala Cave''', also called '''Indrasila Guha''' or '''Indrasaila Cave''', is a cave site mentioned in [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] texts. It is stated in Buddhist mythology to be the cave where [[Buddha]] lived for a while, and gave the sermon called the ''Sakkapañha Sutta'' to deity [[Indra]]. This ''Sutta'' is found as chapter II.21 of ''[[Digha Nikaya]]''.<ref name="Carter1993p138">{{cite book|author=John Ross Carter|title=On Understanding Buddhists: Essays on the Theravada Tradition in Sri Lanka|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KGWd6jDOYdYC&pg=PA138|year=1993|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-7914-1413-2|page=138}}; For one Theravada tradition translation of D II.21, [http://www.metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/1Digha-Nikaya/index.html Upalavanna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100222091654/http://www.metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/1Digha-Nikaya/index.html |date=2010-02-22 }}</ref>
The '''Indrasala Cave''', also called '''Indrasila Guha''' or '''Indrasaila Cave''', is a cave site mentioned in [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] texts. It is stated in Buddhist mythology to be the cave where [[Buddha]] lived for a while, and gave the sermon called the ''Sakkapañha Sutta'' to deity [[Indra]]. This ''Sutta'' is found as chapter II.21 of ''[[Dīgha Nikāya]]''.<ref name="Carter1993p138">{{cite book|author=John Ross Carter|title=On Understanding Buddhists: Essays on the Theravada Tradition in Sri Lanka|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KGWd6jDOYdYC&pg=PA138|year=1993|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-7914-1413-2|page=138}}; For one Theravada tradition translation of D II.21, [http://www.metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/1Digha-Nikaya/index.html Upalavanna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100222091654/http://www.metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/1Digha-Nikaya/index.html |date=2010-02-22 }}</ref>


== Legend ==
== Legend ==
In the ''Sakkapañha Sutta'' sermon, the Buddha addresses [[Śakra (Buddhism)|Sakra]] (also known as [[Indra]]) accompanied by [[Pancasikha]] (also known as Kubera).<ref name="Harle 78" /> After some harp-playing by Pancasikha, Indra asks 42 questions to the Buddha, which he answers. The teachings in this Indrasala Cave ''Sutta'' is, in part, the basis for the [[Theravada]] tradition of ''punna'' (earning merit)and'' varam'' (favor)''.<ref name="Carter1993p138" />''
In the ''Sakkapañha Sutta'' sermon, the Buddha addresses [[Śakra (Buddhism)|Sakra]] (also known as [[Indra]]) accompanied by [[Pancasikha]] (also known as Kubera).<ref name="Harle 78" /> After some harp-playing by Pancasikha, Indra asks 42 questions to the Buddha, which he answers. The teachings in this Indrasala Cave ''Sutta'' is, in part, the basis for the [[Theravada]] tradition of ''punna'' (earning merit) and'' varam'' (favor)''.<ref name="Carter1993p138" />''


== Location ==
== Location ==
Buddhist texts mention the Indrasala Cave to be in the Vediya or Vediyaka mountain, to the north of Ambasanda, near [[Rajagrha]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=G. P. Malalasekera|url=http://archive.org/details/PaliProperNamesVolIINH|title=Dictionary Of Pali Proper Names Vol II - N to H|date=1937}}</ref>
Buddhist texts mention the Indrasala Cave to be in the Vediya or Vediyaka mountain, to the north of Ambasanda, near [[Rajagrha]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=G. P. Malalasekera|url=http://archive.org/details/PaliProperNamesVolIINH|title=Dictionary Of Pali Proper Names Vol II - N to H|date=1937}}</ref>


Many scholars, since the 19th century, attempted to identify this hill and the location of the Indrasala Cave where Buddha lived.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Sir Alexander Cunningham|author2=Great Britain. India Office|title=The Stûpa of Bharhut: A Buddhist Monument Ornamented with Numerous Sculptures Illustrative of Buddhist Legend and History in Third Century B.C.|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=EigOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA88|year=1879|publisher=W.H. Allen and Company|pages=88–89}}</ref> [[Alexander Cunningham]] believed it to be in modern [[Giriyak|Giryak]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Prajñā-bhāratī|date=1982|publisher=K.P. Jayaswal Research Institute|page=61|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=0VU8AAAAMAAJ&q|language=en}}</ref>
Since the 19th century, many scholars had attempted to identify this hill and the location of the Indrasala Cave where Buddha lived.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Sir Alexander Cunningham|author2=Great Britain. India Office|title=The Stûpa of Bharhut: A Buddhist Monument Ornamented with Numerous Sculptures Illustrative of Buddhist Legend and History in Third Century B.C.|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=EigOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA88|year=1879|publisher=W.H. Allen and Company|pages=88–89}}</ref> [[Alexander Cunningham]] believed it to be in modern [[Giriyak|Giryak]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VU8AAAAMAAJ&q=Giryak |title=Prajñā-bhāratī |date=1982 |publisher=K.P. Jayaswal Research Institute |page=61 |language=en}}</ref>


However, the actual location is on the solitary hill in Parbati village (also known as Parwati or Parwatipur) in [[Nawada district|Nawada]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VU8AAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=(Indra)+questioned+Buddha&q=(Indra)+questioned+Buddha&hl=en|title=Prajñā-bhāratī|date=1982|publisher=K.P. Jayaswal Research Institute|pages=62|language=en}}</ref> which is situated north to the village of Apsarh (modern-day Ambasanda<ref>{{Cite book|last=Parishad|first=Bihar Purāvid|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BeC1AAAAIAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22ambasanda+is+no+other+than+aphsad%22&q=%22ambasanda+is+no+other+than+aphsad%22&hl=en|title=The Journal of the Bihar Purävid Parishad|date=1977|language=en}}</ref>).
More recently, a cave on the solitary hill in Parbati village (also known as Parwati or Parwatipur) in [[Nawada district|Nawada]] has been proposed,<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VU8AAAAMAAJ&q=Parbati |title=Prajñā-bhāratī |date=1982 |publisher=K.P. Jayaswal Research Institute |pages=62 |language=en}}</ref> which is situated north to the village of Apsarh (modern-day Ambasanda<ref>{{Cite book |last=Prasad |first=Prakash Charan |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.283322/page/n293/mode/2up |title=The Journal Of The Bihar Puravid Parishad |publisher=The Bihar Puravid Parishad |year=1977 |editor-last=Devi |editor-first=Sushil Malti |volume=I |location=Patna |pages=250–253 |chapter=Aphsad - An Ancient University}}</ref>).


== Depictions ==
== Depictions ==
Numerous depictions of the scene are known, the earliest being those of the [[Mahabodhi Temple]] at [[Bodh Gaya]], circa 150 BCE.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}} In a Gandhara artwork dated to 89 CE, the scene "Visit to the Indrasala Cave" is depicted with Indra identifiable with his elephant seated to the right, the Buddha is shown living in a cave by the wavy rocky landscape with wild animals above.<ref name="Harle 78">{{cite book|last1=Harle|first1=James C.|title=The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent|date=1994|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=0300062176|pages=78–79|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwcBVvdqyBkC&pg=PA78|language=en}}</ref>
The visit is a scene in series showing the [[life of Buddha in art]], though not one of the most common, especially after the first centuries of [[Buddhist art]]. Numerous depictions of the scene are known, the earliest being those of the [[Mahabodhi Temple]] at [[Bodh Gaya]], circa 150 BCE.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}} In a Gandhara artwork dated to 89 CE, the scene "Visit to the Indrasala Cave" is depicted with Indra identifiable with his elephant seated to the right, the Buddha is shown living in a cave by the wavy rocky landscape with wild animals above.<ref name="Harle 78">{{cite book|last1=Harle|first1=James C.|title=The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent|date=1994|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=0300062176|pages=78–79|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwcBVvdqyBkC&pg=PA78|language=en}}</ref>


<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
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[[Category:Buddhist caves|*]]
[[Category:Buddhist caves|*]]
[[Category:Indian rock-cut architecture]]
[[Category:Indian rock-cut architecture]]
[[Category:Gautama Buddha]]
[[Category:Indra]]

Latest revision as of 01:33, 27 August 2024

Visit of Indra to the Indrasala cave. The Buddha is symbolized by his throne in the cave (Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, circa 150 BCE).
The Visit of Indra to the Buddha in the Indrasaila cave. The Buddha is symbolized by his throne. Wild animal are depicted around the cave (Stupa 1 Northern Gateway, Sanchi. 1st century BCE/CE).

The Indrasala Cave, also called Indrasila Guha or Indrasaila Cave, is a cave site mentioned in Buddhist texts. It is stated in Buddhist mythology to be the cave where Buddha lived for a while, and gave the sermon called the Sakkapañha Sutta to deity Indra. This Sutta is found as chapter II.21 of Dīgha Nikāya.[1]

Legend

[edit]

In the Sakkapañha Sutta sermon, the Buddha addresses Sakra (also known as Indra) accompanied by Pancasikha (also known as Kubera).[2] After some harp-playing by Pancasikha, Indra asks 42 questions to the Buddha, which he answers. The teachings in this Indrasala Cave Sutta is, in part, the basis for the Theravada tradition of punna (earning merit) and varam (favor).[1]

Location

[edit]

Buddhist texts mention the Indrasala Cave to be in the Vediya or Vediyaka mountain, to the north of Ambasanda, near Rajagrha.[3]

Since the 19th century, many scholars had attempted to identify this hill and the location of the Indrasala Cave where Buddha lived.[4] Alexander Cunningham believed it to be in modern Giryak.[5]

More recently, a cave on the solitary hill in Parbati village (also known as Parwati or Parwatipur) in Nawada has been proposed,[6] which is situated north to the village of Apsarh (modern-day Ambasanda[7]).

Depictions

[edit]

The visit is a scene in series showing the life of Buddha in art, though not one of the most common, especially after the first centuries of Buddhist art. Numerous depictions of the scene are known, the earliest being those of the Mahabodhi Temple at Bodh Gaya, circa 150 BCE.[citation needed] In a Gandhara artwork dated to 89 CE, the scene "Visit to the Indrasala Cave" is depicted with Indra identifiable with his elephant seated to the right, the Buddha is shown living in a cave by the wavy rocky landscape with wild animals above.[2]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b John Ross Carter (1993). On Understanding Buddhists: Essays on the Theravada Tradition in Sri Lanka. State University of New York Press. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-7914-1413-2.; For one Theravada tradition translation of D II.21, Upalavanna Archived 2010-02-22 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ a b Harle, James C. (1994). The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent. Yale University Press. pp. 78–79. ISBN 0300062176.
  3. ^ G. P. Malalasekera (1937). Dictionary Of Pali Proper Names Vol II - N to H.
  4. ^ Sir Alexander Cunningham; Great Britain. India Office (1879). The Stûpa of Bharhut: A Buddhist Monument Ornamented with Numerous Sculptures Illustrative of Buddhist Legend and History in Third Century B.C. W.H. Allen and Company. pp. 88–89.
  5. ^ Prajñā-bhāratī. K.P. Jayaswal Research Institute. 1982. p. 61.
  6. ^ Prajñā-bhāratī. K.P. Jayaswal Research Institute. 1982. p. 62.
  7. ^ Prasad, Prakash Charan (1977). "Aphsad - An Ancient University". In Devi, Sushil Malti (ed.). The Journal Of The Bihar Puravid Parishad. Vol. I. Patna: The Bihar Puravid Parishad. pp. 250–253.
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