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[[File:Mahabodhi Indrasala Cave.jpg|thumb|Visit of Indra to the Indrasala cave. The Buddha is symbolized by his throne in the cave |
[[File:Mahabodhi Indrasala Cave.jpg|thumb|Visit of Indra to the Indrasala cave. The Buddha is symbolized by his throne in the cave ([[Mahabodhi Temple]], [[Bodh Gaya]], circa 150 BCE).]] |
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[[File:The Visit of Indra to the Buddha in the Indrasaila cave near Rajagriha Sanchi Stupa 1Northern Gateway.jpg|thumb|The Visit of Indra to the Buddha in the Indrasaila cave. The Buddha is [[Aniconism in Buddhism|symbolized]] by his throne. Wild animal are depicted around the cave |
[[File:The Visit of Indra to the Buddha in the Indrasaila cave near Rajagriha Sanchi Stupa 1Northern Gateway.jpg|thumb|The Visit of Indra to the Buddha in the Indrasaila cave. The Buddha is [[Aniconism in Buddhism|symbolized]] by his throne. Wild animal are depicted around the cave (Stupa 1 Northern Gateway, [[Sanchi]]. 1st century BCE/CE).]] |
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| ⚫ | The '''Indrasala Cave''', also called '''Indrasila Guha''' or '''Indrasaila Cave''', is a cave site mentioned in [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] texts. It is stated in Buddhist mythology to be the cave where [[Buddha]] lived for a while, and gave the sermon called the ''Sakkapañha Sutta'' to deity [[Indra]]. This ''Sutta'' is found as chapter II.21 of ''[[Dīgha Nikāya]]''.<ref name="Carter1993p138">{{cite book|author=John Ross Carter|title=On Understanding Buddhists: Essays on the Theravada Tradition in Sri Lanka|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KGWd6jDOYdYC&pg=PA138|year=1993|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-7914-1413-2|page=138}}; For one Theravada tradition translation of D II.21, [http://www.metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/1Digha-Nikaya/index.html Upalavanna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100222091654/http://www.metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/1Digha-Nikaya/index.html |date=2010-02-22 }}</ref> |
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{{Infobox historic site |
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| name = Saptaparni Cave |
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| image = |
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| caption = |
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| type = |
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| locmapin = India #Bihar |
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| coordinates = {{Coord|25.007175|N|85.410792|E|display=title,inline}}<!-- {{Coord}} --> |
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| location = [[Rajgir]], Bihar |
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| area = |
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| built = |
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| architect = |
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| architecture = |
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| governing_body = Archeological Survey of India |
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}} |
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| ⚫ | The ''' |
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== Legend == |
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In the ''Sakkapañha Sutta'' sermon, the Buddha addresses [[Śakra (Buddhism)|Sakra]] (also known as [[Indra]]) accompanied by [[Pancasikha]] (also known as Kubera).<ref name="Harle 78" /> After some harp-playing by Pancasikha, Indra asks 42 questions to the Buddha, which he answers. The teachings in this Indrasala Cave ''Sutta'' is, in part, the basis for the [[Theravada]] tradition of ''punna'' (earning merit) and'' varam'' (favor)''.<ref name="Carter1993p138" />'' |
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== Location == |
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| ⚫ | Numerous depictions of the scene are known, the earliest being those of the [[Mahabodhi Temple]] at [[Bodh Gaya]], circa 150 BCE. In a Gandhara artwork dated to 89 CE, the scene "Visit to the Indrasala Cave" is depicted with Indra identifiable with his elephant, the Buddha is shown living in a cave by the wavy rocky landscape with wild animals above.<ref name="Harle 78">{{cite book|last1=Harle|first1=James C.|title=The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent|date=1994|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=0300062176|pages= |
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Buddhist texts mention the Indrasala Cave to be in the Vediya or Vediyaka mountain, to the north of Ambasanda, near [[Rajagrha]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=G. P. Malalasekera|url=http://archive.org/details/PaliProperNamesVolIINH|title=Dictionary Of Pali Proper Names Vol II - N to H|date=1937}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Since the 19th century, many scholars had attempted to identify this hill and the location of the Indrasala Cave where Buddha lived.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Sir Alexander Cunningham|author2=Great Britain. India Office|title=The Stûpa of Bharhut: A Buddhist Monument Ornamented with Numerous Sculptures Illustrative of Buddhist Legend and History in Third Century B.C.|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=EigOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA88|year=1879|publisher=W.H. Allen and Company|pages=88–89}}</ref> [[Alexander Cunningham]] believed it to be in modern [[Giriyak|Giryak]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VU8AAAAMAAJ&q=Giryak |title=Prajñā-bhāratī |date=1982 |publisher=K.P. Jayaswal Research Institute |page=61 |language=en}}</ref> |
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More recently, a cave on the solitary hill in Parbati village (also known as Parwati or Parwatipur) in [[Nawada district|Nawada]] has been proposed,<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VU8AAAAMAAJ&q=Parbati |title=Prajñā-bhāratī |date=1982 |publisher=K.P. Jayaswal Research Institute |pages=62 |language=en}}</ref> which is situated north to the village of Apsarh (modern-day Ambasanda<ref>{{Cite book |last=Prasad |first=Prakash Charan |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.283322/page/n293/mode/2up |title=The Journal Of The Bihar Puravid Parishad |publisher=The Bihar Puravid Parishad |year=1977 |editor-last=Devi |editor-first=Sushil Malti |volume=I |location=Patna |pages=250–253 |chapter=Aphsad - An Ancient University}}</ref>). |
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== Depictions == |
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| ⚫ | The visit is a scene in series showing the [[life of Buddha in art]], though not one of the most common, especially after the first centuries of [[Buddhist art]]. Numerous depictions of the scene are known, the earliest being those of the [[Mahabodhi Temple]] at [[Bodh Gaya]], circa 150 BCE.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}} In a Gandhara artwork dated to 89 CE, the scene "Visit to the Indrasala Cave" is depicted with Indra identifiable with his elephant seated to the right, the Buddha is shown living in a cave by the wavy rocky landscape with wild animals above.<ref name="Harle 78">{{cite book|last1=Harle|first1=James C.|title=The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent|date=1994|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=0300062176|pages=78–79|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwcBVvdqyBkC&pg=PA78|language=en}}</ref> |
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<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4"> |
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4"> |
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File:Bodh Gaya Jataka medallion.jpg|Visit of Indra to the Indrasala cave. The Buddha is symbolized by his throne in the cave |
File:Bodh Gaya Jataka medallion.jpg|Visit of Indra to the Indrasala cave. The Buddha is symbolized by his throne in the cave ([[Mahabodhi Temple]], [[Bodh Gaya]], circa 150 BCE). |
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File:Indrasala Buddha with Indra, Mathura 50-100 CE.jpg|The same scene in a 50-100 CE relief, [[Mathura art]] |
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File:Indras Visit to Indrasala Cave - Schist - ca 2nd Century CE - Kushana Period - Loriyan Tangai - ACCN 5100-A23290 - Indian Museum - Kolkata 2016-03-06 1519.JPG|The same scene in a c. 2nd-century relief. The Buddha is shown in Indrasala cave. |
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File:Cambogia, frontone con la visita di indra a buddha nella grotta d'indrasaila, da preah khan, stile di bayon, 1190-1210 ca..JPG|Indra visiting the Buddha in the Indrasala cave, [[Preah Khan]], style of the [[Bayon]], [[Cambodia]], 1190-1210 CE. |
File:Indrasala cave, Loriyan Tangai.jpg|The same scene in a c. 2nd-century relief from [[Loriyan Tangai]], [[Gandhara]]. The Buddha is shown in Indrasala cave. |
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File:Cambogia, frontone con la visita di indra a buddha nella grotta d'indrasaila, da preah khan, stile di bayon, 1190-1210 ca..JPG|Indra visiting the Buddha in the Indrasala cave, [[Preah Khan]], style of the [[Bayon]], [[Cambodia]], 1190-1210 CE. |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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{{Indian Buddhist Caves}} |
{{Indian Buddhist Caves}} |
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[[Category:Buddhist caves]] |
[[Category:Buddhist caves|*]] |
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[[Category:Indian rock-cut architecture]] |
[[Category:Indian rock-cut architecture]] |
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[[Category:Gautama Buddha]] |
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[[Category:Indra]] |
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Latest revision as of 01:33, 27 August 2024
The Indrasala Cave, also called Indrasila Guha or Indrasaila Cave, is a cave site mentioned in Buddhist texts. It is stated in Buddhist mythology to be the cave where Buddha lived for a while, and gave the sermon called the Sakkapañha Sutta to deity Indra. This Sutta is found as chapter II.21 of Dīgha Nikāya.[1]
Legend
[edit]In the Sakkapañha Sutta sermon, the Buddha addresses Sakra (also known as Indra) accompanied by Pancasikha (also known as Kubera).[2] After some harp-playing by Pancasikha, Indra asks 42 questions to the Buddha, which he answers. The teachings in this Indrasala Cave Sutta is, in part, the basis for the Theravada tradition of punna (earning merit) and varam (favor).[1]
Location
[edit]Buddhist texts mention the Indrasala Cave to be in the Vediya or Vediyaka mountain, to the north of Ambasanda, near Rajagrha.[3]
Since the 19th century, many scholars had attempted to identify this hill and the location of the Indrasala Cave where Buddha lived.[4] Alexander Cunningham believed it to be in modern Giryak.[5]
More recently, a cave on the solitary hill in Parbati village (also known as Parwati or Parwatipur) in Nawada has been proposed,[6] which is situated north to the village of Apsarh (modern-day Ambasanda[7]).
Depictions
[edit]The visit is a scene in series showing the life of Buddha in art, though not one of the most common, especially after the first centuries of Buddhist art. Numerous depictions of the scene are known, the earliest being those of the Mahabodhi Temple at Bodh Gaya, circa 150 BCE.[citation needed] In a Gandhara artwork dated to 89 CE, the scene "Visit to the Indrasala Cave" is depicted with Indra identifiable with his elephant seated to the right, the Buddha is shown living in a cave by the wavy rocky landscape with wild animals above.[2]
-
Visit of Indra to the Indrasala cave. The Buddha is symbolized by his throne in the cave (Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, circa 150 BCE). -
The same scene in a 50-100 CE relief, Mathura art -
The same scene in a c. 2nd-century relief from Loriyan Tangai, Gandhara. The Buddha is shown in Indrasala cave. -
Indra visiting the Buddha in the Indrasala cave, Preah Khan, style of the Bayon, Cambodia, 1190-1210 CE.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b John Ross Carter (1993). On Understanding Buddhists: Essays on the Theravada Tradition in Sri Lanka. State University of New York Press. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-7914-1413-2.; For one Theravada tradition translation of D II.21, Upalavanna Archived 2010-02-22 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Harle, James C. (1994). The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent. Yale University Press. pp. 78–79. ISBN 0300062176.
- ^ G. P. Malalasekera (1937). Dictionary Of Pali Proper Names Vol II - N to H.
- ^ Sir Alexander Cunningham; Great Britain. India Office (1879). The Stûpa of Bharhut: A Buddhist Monument Ornamented with Numerous Sculptures Illustrative of Buddhist Legend and History in Third Century B.C. W.H. Allen and Company. pp. 88–89.
- ^ Prajñā-bhāratī. K.P. Jayaswal Research Institute. 1982. p. 61.
- ^ Prajñā-bhāratī. K.P. Jayaswal Research Institute. 1982. p. 62.
- ^ Prasad, Prakash Charan (1977). "Aphsad - An Ancient University". In Devi, Sushil Malti (ed.). The Journal Of The Bihar Puravid Parishad. Vol. I. Patna: The Bihar Puravid Parishad. pp. 250–253.