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{{short description|Dog (Scottish Terrier) owned by Franklin D. Roosevelt}}
{{short description|Dog (Scottish Terrier) owned by Franklin D. Roosevelt}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Expand German|Fala (Hund)|date=February 2018}}
{{Other uses|Fala (disambiguation){{!}}Fala}}
{{Infobox animal
{{Infobox animal
| name = Fala
| name = Fala
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| predecessor =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| successor =
| owner = [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], [[Eleanor Roosevelt]]
| owner = {{ubl|[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]|[[Eleanor Roosevelt]]}}
| parents =
| parents =
| children =
| children =
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| website =
| website =
}}
}}
'''Murray the Outlaw of Falahill''', better known as '''Fala''' (April 7, 1940 – April 5, 1952), was a [[Scottish Terrier]] who was the dog of United States president [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]. One of the most famous [[List of U.S. Presidential pets|presidential pets]], Fala was taken to many places by Roosevelt.<ref>{{cite book |author-link=William Edward Leuchtenburg |url=https://archive.org/details/inshadowoffdrfro00leuc_0 |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/inshadowoffdrfro00leuc_0/page/183 183]|title = In the Shadow of FDR: From Harry Truman to George W. Bush|publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn = 0801487374|last1 = Leuchtenburg|first1 = William Edward|year = 2001}}</ref> Given to the Roosevelts by a cousin, Fala knew how to perform tricks; the dog and his [[White House]] antics were mentioned frequently by the [[Media in the United States|media]] and often referenced by Roosevelt and his wife [[Eleanor Roosevelt|Eleanor]]. Fala outlived Roosevelt by seven years and was buried near him.
'''Fala''' (April 7, 1940 – April 5, 1952), a [[Scottish Terrier]], was the dog of United States president [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]. One of the most famous [[List of U.S. Presidential pets|presidential pets]], Fala was taken to many places by Roosevelt.<ref>{{cite book |author-link=William Edward Leuchtenburg |url=https://archive.org/details/inshadowoffdrfro00leuc_0 |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/inshadowoffdrfro00leuc_0/page/183 183]|title = In the Shadow of FDR: From Harry Truman to George W. Bush|publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn = 0801487374|last1 = Leuchtenburg|first1 = William Edward|year = 2001}}</ref> Given to the Roosevelts by a cousin, Fala knew how to perform tricks; the dog and his [[White House]] antics were mentioned frequently by the [[Media in the United States|media]] and often referenced by Roosevelt and his wife [[Eleanor Roosevelt|Eleanor]]. Fala outlived Roosevelt by seven years and was buried near him.


A statue of Fala beside Roosevelt is featured in [[Washington, D.C.]]'s [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial]], the only presidential pet so honored. Another statue of Fala has been placed at [[Puerto Rico]]'s "Paseo de los Presidentes" in [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]].
A statue of Fala beside Roosevelt is featured in [[Washington, D.C.]]'s [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial]], the only presidential pet so honored. Another statue of Fala has been placed at [[Puerto Rico]]'s "Paseo de los Presidentes" in [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]].
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Fala was born on April 7, 1940. Roosevelt's distant cousin, [[Margaret Suckley|Margaret "Daisy" Suckley]], gave the dog to Roosevelt as an early Christmas gift.<ref name="Goodwin"/>{{Rp|200|date=June 2014}} As a puppy, Fala was given [[obedience training]] by Suckley, who taught him to sit, roll over, and jump. His original name was '''Big Boy'''; Roosevelt renamed him '''Murray the Outlaw of Falahill''' after John Murray of [[Falahill]], a famous Scottish ancestor. This was later shortened to "Fala".<ref name=FDRPL />
Fala was born on April 7, 1940. Roosevelt's distant cousin, [[Margaret Suckley|Margaret "Daisy" Suckley]], gave the dog to Roosevelt as an early Christmas gift.<ref name="Goodwin"/>{{Rp|200|date=June 2014}} As a puppy, Fala was given [[obedience training]] by Suckley, who taught him to sit, roll over, and jump. His original name was '''Big Boy'''; Roosevelt renamed him '''Murray the Outlaw of Falahill''' after John Murray of [[Falahill]], a famous Scottish ancestor. This was later shortened to "Fala".<ref name=FDRPL />


After a few weeks at the White House, Fala was taken to the hospital for intestinal problems. Roosevelt discovered that Fala had found his way to the kitchen and was being overfed. Roosevelt issued an order to the staff that Fala would henceforth be fed only by the president himself.<ref name="Goodwin">{{cite book |title=No Ordinary Time |last=Goodwin |first=Doris Kearns |author-link=Doris Kearns Goodwin |year=1995 |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wQcMDdFC1QEC |isbn=9780684804484 }}</ref>{{Rp|200|date=June 2014}}
After a few weeks at the White House, Fala was taken to the hospital for [[intestine|intestinal]] problems. Roosevelt discovered that Fala had found his way to the kitchen and was being overfed. Roosevelt issued an order to the staff that Fala would henceforth be fed only by the president himself.<ref name="Goodwin">{{cite book |title=No Ordinary Time |last=Goodwin |first=Doris Kearns |author-link=Doris Kearns Goodwin |year=1995 |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wQcMDdFC1QEC |isbn=9780684804484 }}</ref>{{Rp|200|date=June 2014}}


==White House years==
==White House years==
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}}</ref> until Roosevelt's death during April 1945. Fala also traveled with Roosevelt to his home ([[Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site|Springwood]]) in [[Hyde Park, New York]], and to [[Warm Springs, Georgia]], where Roosevelt received treatment for his [[Franklin D. Roosevelt's paralytic illness|paralytic illness]].
}}</ref> until Roosevelt's death during April 1945. Fala also traveled with Roosevelt to his home ([[Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site|Springwood]]) in [[Hyde Park, New York]], and to [[Warm Springs, Georgia]], where Roosevelt received treatment for his [[Franklin D. Roosevelt's paralytic illness|paralytic illness]].


An [[MGM]] short movie about a typical day in the White House featured Fala. He also became an honorary [[Private (rank)|private]] of the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] by "contributing" $1 to the [[war effort]] for every day of the year and setting an example for others on the "[[home front]]". During the [[Battle of the Bulge]], American soldiers asked one another the name of the President's dog, expecting the answer "Fala," as a supplementary safeguard against [[Operation Greif|German soldiers attempting to infiltrate American ranks]].<ref>{{cite book |page=226 |isbn=0688151574 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dRzKk453CD0C |title=A Time for Trumpets: The Untold Story of the Battle of the Bulge |last1=MacDonald |first1=Charles B. |date=March 19, 1997 }}</ref>
An [[MGM]] movie about a typical day in the White House featured Fala. He also became an honorary [[Private (rank)|private]] of the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] by "contributing" $1 to the [[war effort]] for every day of the year and setting an example for others on the "[[home front]]". During the [[Battle of the Bulge]], American soldiers asked one another the name of the President's dog, expecting the answer "Fala," as a supplementary safeguard against [[Operation Greif|German soldiers attempting to infiltrate American ranks]].<ref>{{cite book |page=226 |isbn=0688151574 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dRzKk453CD0C |title=A Time for Trumpets: The Untold Story of the Battle of the Bulge |last1=MacDonald |first1=Charles B. |date=March 19, 1997 |publisher=HarperCollins }}</ref>


Fala often accompanied Roosevelt to important events; he traveled in ''[[Air Force One|Sacred Cow]]'', the president's airplane, and in ''[[Ferdinand Magellan Railcar|Ferdinand Magellan]]'', Roosevelt's custom-made train car, as well as by ship. He was with Roosevelt at the [[Atlantic Charter|Atlantic Charter Conference]], [[Quebec Conference, 1943|Quebec]], the meeting with President [[Manuel Ávila Camacho]] of Mexico in [[Monterrey]],<ref name=FDRPL /> and appears quickly on deck during press filming of FDR’s visit to Hawaii in 1944 to confer with General [[Douglas MacArthur]] and Admiral [[Chester Nimitz]].
Fala often accompanied Roosevelt to important events; he traveled in ''[[Air Force One|Sacred Cow]]'', the president's airplane, and in ''[[Ferdinand Magellan Railcar|Ferdinand Magellan]]'', Roosevelt's custom-made train car, as well as by ship. He was with Roosevelt at the [[Atlantic Charter|Atlantic Charter Conference]], [[Quebec Conference, 1943|Quebec]], the meeting with President [[Manuel Ávila Camacho]] of Mexico in [[Monterrey]],<ref name=FDRPL /> and appears quickly on deck during press filming of FDR’s visit to Hawaii in 1944 to confer with General [[Douglas MacArthur]] and Admiral [[Chester Nimitz]].
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==Fala speech==
==Fala speech==
On September 23, 1944, Roosevelt began his [[U.S. presidential election, 1944|1944 presidential campaign]] in Washington, D.C., speaking at a dinner with the International [[Teamsters]] Union. The half-hour speech was also broadcast by all U.S. radio networks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2206&dat=19440921&id=LShVAAAAIBAJ&pg=5944,5111539 |title=FDR Preparing Radio Address |publisher=[[The Miami News]] ([[United Press International|United Press]]), September 21, 1944 |access-date=June 3, 2014}}</ref> In the speech, Roosevelt criticized [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] opponents in [[Congress of the United States|Congress]] and detailed their criticisms of him. Late in the speech, Roosevelt addressed Republican charges that he had accidentally left Fala behind on the [[Aleutian Islands]] while on tour there and had sent a [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] [[destroyer]] to retrieve him at an exorbitant cost to the taxpayers:
On September 23, 1944, Roosevelt began his [[U.S. presidential election, 1944|1944 presidential campaign]] in Washington, D.C., speaking at a dinner with the International [[Teamsters]] Union. The half-hour speech was also broadcast by all U.S. radio networks.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2206&dat=19440921&id=LShVAAAAIBAJ&pg=5944,5111539 |title=FDR Preparing Radio Address |publisher=[[The Miami News]] ([[United Press International|United Press]]), September 21, 1944 |access-date=June 3, 2014 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In the speech, Roosevelt criticized [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] opponents in [[Congress of the United States|Congress]] and detailed their criticisms of him. Late in the speech, Roosevelt addressed Republican charges that he had accidentally left Fala behind on the [[Aleutian Islands]] while on tour there and had sent a [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] [[destroyer]] to retrieve him at an exorbitant cost to the taxpayers:


<blockquote>These Republican leaders have not been content with attacks on me, or my wife, or on my sons. No, not content with that, they now include my little dog, Fala. Well, of course, I don't resent attacks, and my family don't resent attacks, but Fala does resent them. You know, Fala is Scotch, and being a Scottie, as soon as he learned that the Republican fiction writers in Congress and out had concocted a story that I'd left him behind on an Aleutian island and had sent a destroyer back to find him{{snd}}at a cost to the taxpayers of two or three, or eight or twenty million dollars{{snd}}his Scotch soul was furious. He has not been the same dog since. I am accustomed to hearing malicious falsehoods about myself ... But I think I have a right to resent, to object, to libelous statements about my dog.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/1944RadioNews |title=1944 Radio News, 1944-09-23 FDR Teamsters Union Address – Fala (27:45–30:08) |publisher=[[Internet Archive]] |access-date=2014-06-02}}</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>These Republican leaders have not been content with attacks on me, or my wife, or on my sons. No, not content with that, they now include my little dog, Fala. Well, of course, I don't resent attacks, and my family don't resent attacks, but Fala does resent them. You know, Fala is Scotch, and being a Scottie, as soon as he learned that the Republican fiction writers in Congress and out had concocted a story that I'd left him behind on an Aleutian island and had sent a destroyer back to find him{{snd}}at a cost to the taxpayers of two or three, or eight or twenty million dollars{{snd}}his Scotch soul was furious. He has not been the same dog since. I am accustomed to hearing malicious falsehoods about myself ... But I think I have a right to resent, to object, to libelous statements about my dog.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/1944RadioNews |title=1944 Radio News, 1944-09-23 FDR Teamsters Union Address – Fala (27:45–30:08) |publisher=[[Internet Archive]] |access-date=2014-06-02}}</ref></blockquote>


Although the story of being left behind on the Aleutian Islands was false, Fala did cause some trouble once on the cruiser [[USS Tuscaloosa (CA-37)|USS ''Tuscaloosa'']] in the West Indies.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fala Biography|url=https://www.fdrlibrary.org/fala|website=FDR Library}}</ref>
The story of being left behind on the Aleutian Islands was false. (Fala did cause some minor trouble once on the cruiser {{USS|Tuscaloosa|CA-37|6}} in the West Indies by licking the feet of sailors relaxing on deck.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fala Biography|url=https://www.fdrlibrary.org/fala|website=FDR Library}}</ref>)


The idea of turning the Republican charges into a joke was that of [[Orson Welles]].<ref name="Leaming">{{cite book |last=Leaming |first=Barbara |date=1985 |title=Orson Welles: A Biography |location=New York |publisher=[[Viking Press|Viking]] |isbn=0-670-52895-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/orsonwellesbiogr00leam }}</ref>{{Rp|292–293|date=June 2014}} Campaigning extensively for Roosevelt, Welles occasionally sent him ideas and phrases that were sometimes incorporated into what Welles characterized as "less important speeches".<ref name="Brady">{{cite book |last=Brady |first=Frank |author-link=Frank Brady (writer) |date=1989 |title=Citizen Welles: A Biography of Orson Welles |location=New York |publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons]] |isbn=0-385-26759-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/citizenwellesbio00brad }}</ref>{{Rp|374|date=February 2014}} One of these was the "Fala speech". Welles ad-libbed the Fala joke for the president, who was so delighted that he had a final version written into the speech by his staff. After the broadcast Roosevelt asked Welles, "How did I do? Was my timing right?"<ref name="Leaming" />{{Rp|292–293|date=June 2014}}
The idea of turning the Republican charges into a joke was that of [[Orson Welles]].<ref name="Leaming">{{cite book |last=Leaming |first=Barbara |date=1985 |title=Orson Welles: A Biography |location=New York |publisher=[[Viking Press|Viking]] |isbn=0-670-52895-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/orsonwellesbiogr00leam }}</ref>{{Rp|292–293|date=June 2014}} Campaigning extensively for Roosevelt, Welles occasionally sent him ideas and phrases that were sometimes incorporated into what Welles characterized as "less important speeches".<ref name="Brady">{{cite book |last=Brady |first=Frank |author-link=Frank Brady (writer) |date=1989 |title=Citizen Welles: A Biography of Orson Welles |location=New York |publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons]] |isbn=0-385-26759-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/citizenwellesbio00brad }}</ref>{{Rp|374|date=February 2014}} One of these was the "Fala speech". Welles ad-libbed the Fala joke for the president, who was so delighted that he had a final version written into the speech by his staff. After the broadcast Roosevelt asked Welles, "How did I do? Was my timing right?"<ref name="Leaming" />{{Rp|292–293|date=June 2014}}
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==After Roosevelt's death==
==After Roosevelt's death==
President Roosevelt died at [[Warm Springs, Georgia]], on April 12, 1945. In the minutes after his death, Fala behaved very strangely. FDR biographer [[Jim Bishop]] wrote about the death scene: "... a snapping, snarling series of barks was heard. No one had paid any attention to Fala. He had been dozing in a corner of the room. For a reason beyond understanding, he ran directly for the front screen door and knocked his head against it. The screen broke and he crawled through and ran snapping and barking up into the hills. There, [[United States Secret Service|Secret Service]] men could see him, standing alone, unmoving, on an eminence. This led to the quiet question: 'Do dogs really know?'"<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Jim Bishop |last=Bishop |first=Jim |title=FDR's Last Year |location=New York |publisher=William Morrow |year=1974 |page=[https://archive.org/details/fdrslastyearapri00bish/page/590 590]–591 |url=https://archive.org/details/fdrslastyearapri00bish |url-access=registration |isbn=9780688002763 }}</ref>
President Roosevelt [[Death of Franklin D. Roosevelt|died]] at [[Warm Springs, Georgia]], on April 12, 1945. In the minutes after his death, Fala behaved very strangely. FDR biographer [[Jim Bishop]] wrote about the death scene: "... a snapping, snarling series of barks was heard. No one had paid any attention to Fala. He had been dozing in a corner of the room. For a reason beyond understanding, he ran directly for the front screen door and knocked his head against it. The screen broke and he crawled through and ran snapping and barking up into the hills. There, [[United States Secret Service|Secret Service]] men could see him, standing alone, unmoving, on an eminence. This led to the quiet question: 'Do dogs really know?'"<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Jim Bishop |last=Bishop |first=Jim |title=FDR's Last Year |location=New York |publisher=William Morrow |year=1974 |page=[https://archive.org/details/fdrslastyearapri00bish/page/590 590]–591 |url=https://archive.org/details/fdrslastyearapri00bish |url-access=registration |isbn=9780688002763 }}</ref>


Fala attended Roosevelt's funeral<ref name="Goodwin"/>{{Rp|615|date=June 2014}} and went to live with the widowed [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] at [[Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site|Val-Kill]].<ref name="Goodwin"/>{{Rp|620|date=June 2014}} She took great pleasure in Fala's company, and the two became inseparable companions.<ref name="Goodwin"/>{{Rp|620|date=June 2014}} She often mentioned Fala in her newspaper column, "My Day", and wrote of him in her autobiography:
Fala attended Roosevelt's funeral<ref name="Goodwin"/>{{Rp|615|date=June 2014}} and went to live with the widowed [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] at [[Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site|Val-Kill]].<ref name="Goodwin"/>{{Rp|620|date=June 2014}} She took great pleasure in Fala's company, and the two became inseparable companions.<ref name="Goodwin"/>{{Rp|620|date=June 2014}} She often mentioned Fala in her newspaper column, "My Day", and wrote of him in her autobiography:
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<blockquote>It was Fala, my husband's little dog, who never really readjusted. Once, in 1945, when General Eisenhower came to lay a wreath on Franklin's grave, the gates of the regular driveway were opened and his automobile approached the house accompanied by the wailing of the sirens of a police escort. When Fala heard the sirens, his legs straightened out, his ears pricked up and I knew that he expected to see his master coming down the drive as he had come so many times. Later, when we were living in the cottage, Fala always lay near the dining-room door where he could watch both entrances just as he did when his master was there. Franklin would often decide suddenly to go somewhere and Fala had to watch both entrances in order to be ready to spring up and join the party on short notice. Fala accepted me after my husband's death, but I was just someone to put up with until the master should return.<ref>Roosevelt, Eleanor, ''The Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt''. New York: Da Capo Press, 1992</ref>{{Rp|287–288|date=June 2014}}</blockquote>
<blockquote>It was Fala, my husband's little dog, who never really readjusted. Once, in 1945, when General Eisenhower came to lay a wreath on Franklin's grave, the gates of the regular driveway were opened and his automobile approached the house accompanied by the wailing of the sirens of a police escort. When Fala heard the sirens, his legs straightened out, his ears pricked up and I knew that he expected to see his master coming down the drive as he had come so many times. Later, when we were living in the cottage, Fala always lay near the dining-room door where he could watch both entrances just as he did when his master was there. Franklin would often decide suddenly to go somewhere and Fala had to watch both entrances in order to be ready to spring up and join the party on short notice. Fala accepted me after my husband's death, but I was just someone to put up with until the master should return.<ref>Roosevelt, Eleanor, ''The Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt''. New York: Da Capo Press, 1992</ref>{{Rp|287–288|date=June 2014}}</blockquote>


During November 1945 Fala was hospitalized for a week after being attacked at the family's Hyde Park estate by [[Elliott Roosevelt]]'s {{convert|135|lb|kg|adj=on}} [[bull mastiff]], Blaze.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Fala In Hospital After Run In With Bulldog |newspaper=[[The Herald-Mail|The Daily Mail]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=November 29, 1945 }}</ref> Fala had been staying with Margaret Suckley and visited Hyde Park. He was on a leash when the larger dog jumped on him, slashing his back and right eye. The attack ended when someone struck Blaze with a rock and dazed him. Blaze was euthanized as a precaution against future attacks and tested negative for rabies.<ref>{{cite news |title=Elliott's Blaze Destroyed for Attack on Fala |newspaper=[[The Daily Register]] |publisher=[[United Press International|United Press]] |date=November 30, 1945 }}</ref>
During November 1945 Fala was hospitalized for a week after being attacked at the family's Hyde Park estate by [[Elliott Roosevelt (general)|Elliott Roosevelt]]'s {{convert|135|lb|kg|adj=on}} [[bull mastiff]], Blaze.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Fala In Hospital After Run In With Bulldog |newspaper=[[The Herald-Mail|The Daily Mail]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=November 29, 1945 }}</ref> Fala had been staying with Margaret Suckley and visited Hyde Park. He was on a leash when the larger dog jumped on him, slashing his back and right eye. The attack ended when someone struck Blaze with a rock and dazed him. Blaze was euthanized as a precaution against future attacks and tested negative for rabies.<ref>{{cite news |title=Elliott's Blaze Destroyed for Attack on Fala |newspaper=[[The Daily Register]] |publisher=[[United Press International|United Press]] |date=November 30, 1945 }}</ref>


Suffering from deafness and failing health, Fala was euthanized on April 5, 1952, two days before his twelfth birthday.<ref name=nytimes>{{cite news |title=Fala Buried in Hyde Park Garden At Feet of Friend and Champion |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1952/04/07/archives/fala-buried-in-hyde-park-garden-at-feet-of-friend-and-champion.html |access-date=May 9, 2015|work=The New York Times|date=April 7, 1952|page=27|quote=Fala received a 'mercy death' two days before his thirteenth [sic] birthday. He had been in failing health for some time. His hair had turned gray and he suffered from deafness.}}</ref> Fala is buried in a marked grave about {{convert|10|yd|m|spell=in}} behind the Roosevelt tombstone in the Rose Garden at [[Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site|Springwood]],<ref name=FDRPL>{{cite web |url=http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/education/resources/bio_fala.html |title=Biography of Fala D. Roosevelt |publisher=Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library |access-date=December 7, 2012 |archive-date=December 10, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121210042908/http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/education/resources/bio_fala.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> beside Chief (1918–1933), the Roosevelts' [[German Shepherd]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/facts/ |title=Roosevelt Facts and Figures |publisher=[[Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum]] |access-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref>
Suffering from deafness and failing health, Fala was euthanized on April 5, 1952, two days before his twelfth birthday.<ref name=nytimes>{{cite news |title=Fala Buried in Hyde Park Garden At Feet of Friend and Champion |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1952/04/07/archives/fala-buried-in-hyde-park-garden-at-feet-of-friend-and-champion.html |access-date=May 9, 2015|work=The New York Times|date=April 7, 1952|page=27|quote=Fala received a 'mercy death' two days before his thirteenth [sic] birthday. He had been in failing health for some time. His hair had turned gray and he suffered from deafness.}}</ref> Fala is buried in a marked grave about {{convert|10|yd|m|spell=in}} behind the Roosevelt tombstone in the Rose Garden at [[Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site|Springwood]],<ref name=FDRPL>{{cite web |url=http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/education/resources/bio_fala.html |title=Biography of Fala D. Roosevelt |publisher=Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library |access-date=December 7, 2012 |archive-date=December 10, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121210042908/http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/education/resources/bio_fala.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> beside Chief (1918–1933), the Roosevelts' [[German Shepherd]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/facts/ |title=Roosevelt Facts and Figures |publisher=[[Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum]] |access-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref>
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File:FDR-Memorial-Fala.jpg|[[Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial]]<br/>(sculpture by Neil Estern)
File:FDR-Memorial-Fala.jpg|[[Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial]]<br/>(sculpture by Neil Estern)
File:Fala-detail-FDR-Memorial.jpg|FDR Memorial detail
File:Fala-detail-FDR-Memorial.jpg|FDR Memorial detail

File:Fala collar.jpg|Fala's collar at the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum

</gallery>
</gallery>


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Checkers speech]]
* [[List of individual dogs]]
* [[List of individual dogs|List of famous dogs]]
* [[United States presidential pets]]
* [[United States presidential pets]]
* [[Checkers speech]]


==References ==
==References ==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons and category|Fala|Fala (dog)}}
{{Commons and category|Fala|Fala (dog)}}
* {{cite web|title=Fala, the dog who helped win a presidential election|url=https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/fala-the-dog-who-helped-win-a-presidential-election|website=[[National Constitution Center]]|access-date=November 17, 2017|language=en|date=September 23, 2017}}
* {{cite web|title=Fala, the dog who helped win a presidential election|url=https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/fala-the-dog-who-helped-win-a-presidential-election|website=[[National Constitution Center]]|access-date=November 17, 2017|language=en|date=September 23, 2017|archive-date=October 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012014606/https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/fala-the-dog-who-helped-win-a-presidential-election|url-status=dead}}
*Audio recording of 'Fala Speech': {{cite web|title=Address at a Union Dinner. Washington, D.C.|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/mediaplay.php?id=16563&admin=32|publisher=www.presidency.ucsb.edu|format=Quicktime}}
*Audio recording of 'Fala Speech': {{cite web|title=Address at a Union Dinner. Washington, D.C.|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/mediaplay.php?id=16563&admin=32|publisher=www.presidency.ucsb.edu|format=Quicktime|access-date=September 27, 2007|archive-date=April 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402182518/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/mediaplay.php?id=16563&admin=32|url-status=dead}}
* Transcript: {{cite web|title=FDR - The "Fala" Speech|url=https://www.wyzant.com/resources/lessons/history/hpol/fdr/fala|department=www.wyzant.com|publisher=[[Wyzant]]|access-date=November 17, 2017|language=en}}
* Transcript: {{cite web|title=FDR - The "Fala" Speech|date=September 19, 2013 |url=https://www.wyzant.com/resources/lessons/history/hpol/fdr/fala|department=www.wyzant.com|publisher=[[Wyzant]]|access-date=November 17, 2017|language=en}}
* [http://www.philnel.com/2011/07/20/fdr/ Artists for FDR], blog post presenting selections from the 1944 pamphlet, ''The President's Speech'', with illustrations by Crockett Johnson, Syd Hoff, Hugo Gellert and 16 others from the Independent Voters' Committee of the Arts and Sciences for Roosevelt.
* [http://www.philnel.com/2011/07/20/fdr/ Artists for FDR], blog post presenting selections from the 1944 pamphlet, ''The President's Speech'', with illustrations by Crockett Johnson, Syd Hoff, Hugo Gellert and 16 others from the Independent Voters' Committee of the Arts and Sciences for Roosevelt.
* [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1994224/ IMDb profile of Whiskers], Fala's movie stand-in in ''[[Princess O'Rourke]]'' (1943).
* [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1994224/ IMDb profile of Whiskers], Fala's movie stand-in in ''[[Princess O'Rourke]]'' (1943).
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[[Category:1952 animal deaths]]
[[Category:1952 animal deaths]]
[[Category:Franklin D. Roosevelt]]
[[Category:Franklin D. Roosevelt]]
[[Category:Individual dogs in politics]]
[[Category:United States presidential dogs]]
[[Category:United States presidential dogs]]

Revision as of 04:52, 2 September 2024

For other uses, see Fala.
Fala
Roosevelt with Fala (August 8, 1940)
Other name(s)Murray the Outlaw of Falahill (full name)
SpeciesDog
BreedScottish Terrier
SexMale
BornBig Boy
(1940-04-07)April 7, 1940
DiedApril 5, 1952(1952-04-05) (aged 11)
Resting placeSpringwood
OccupationPresidential pet
Owner
Named afterJohn Murray of Falahill

Fala (April 7, 1940 – April 5, 1952), a Scottish Terrier, was the dog of United States president Franklin D. Roosevelt. One of the most famous presidential pets, Fala was taken to many places by Roosevelt.[1] Given to the Roosevelts by a cousin, Fala knew how to perform tricks; the dog and his White House antics were mentioned frequently by the media and often referenced by Roosevelt and his wife Eleanor. Fala outlived Roosevelt by seven years and was buried near him.

A statue of Fala beside Roosevelt is featured in Washington, D.C.'s Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial, the only presidential pet so honored. Another statue of Fala has been placed at Puerto Rico's "Paseo de los Presidentes" in San Juan.

Early life

A leather dog collar to which a silver tag is riveted; the plate is engraved Fala, the White House
Fala's silver-and-leather collar
Roosevelt and Fala in the White House study (December 20, 1941)

Fala was born on April 7, 1940. Roosevelt's distant cousin, Margaret "Daisy" Suckley, gave the dog to Roosevelt as an early Christmas gift.[2]: 200  As a puppy, Fala was given obedience training by Suckley, who taught him to sit, roll over, and jump. His original name was Big Boy; Roosevelt renamed him Murray the Outlaw of Falahill after John Murray of Falahill, a famous Scottish ancestor. This was later shortened to "Fala".[3]

After a few weeks at the White House, Fala was taken to the hospital for intestinal problems. Roosevelt discovered that Fala had found his way to the kitchen and was being overfed. Roosevelt issued an order to the staff that Fala would henceforth be fed only by the president himself.[2]: 200 

White House years

Fala was relocated into the White House on November 10, 1940, and spent most of his time there[4] until Roosevelt's death during April 1945. Fala also traveled with Roosevelt to his home (Springwood) in Hyde Park, New York, and to Warm Springs, Georgia, where Roosevelt received treatment for his paralytic illness.

An MGM movie about a typical day in the White House featured Fala. He also became an honorary private of the U.S. Army by "contributing" $1 to the war effort for every day of the year and setting an example for others on the "home front". During the Battle of the Bulge, American soldiers asked one another the name of the President's dog, expecting the answer "Fala," as a supplementary safeguard against German soldiers attempting to infiltrate American ranks.[5]

Fala often accompanied Roosevelt to important events; he traveled in Sacred Cow, the president's airplane, and in Ferdinand Magellan, Roosevelt's custom-made train car, as well as by ship. He was with Roosevelt at the Atlantic Charter Conference, Quebec, the meeting with President Manuel Ávila Camacho of Mexico in Monterrey,[3] and appears quickly on deck during press filming of FDR’s visit to Hawaii in 1944 to confer with General Douglas MacArthur and Admiral Chester Nimitz.

During 1943, Fala was the subject of a short series of political cartoons by Alan Foster titled Mr. Fala of the White House. In the 1943 romantic comedy Princess O'Rourke, Fala was played by Whiskers.

Fala speech

On September 23, 1944, Roosevelt began his 1944 presidential campaign in Washington, D.C., speaking at a dinner with the International Teamsters Union. The half-hour speech was also broadcast by all U.S. radio networks.[6] In the speech, Roosevelt criticized Republican opponents in Congress and detailed their criticisms of him. Late in the speech, Roosevelt addressed Republican charges that he had accidentally left Fala behind on the Aleutian Islands while on tour there and had sent a U.S. Navy destroyer to retrieve him at an exorbitant cost to the taxpayers:

These Republican leaders have not been content with attacks on me, or my wife, or on my sons. No, not content with that, they now include my little dog, Fala. Well, of course, I don't resent attacks, and my family don't resent attacks, but Fala does resent them. You know, Fala is Scotch, and being a Scottie, as soon as he learned that the Republican fiction writers in Congress and out had concocted a story that I'd left him behind on an Aleutian island and had sent a destroyer back to find him – at a cost to the taxpayers of two or three, or eight or twenty million dollars – his Scotch soul was furious. He has not been the same dog since. I am accustomed to hearing malicious falsehoods about myself ... But I think I have a right to resent, to object, to libelous statements about my dog.[7]

The story of being left behind on the Aleutian Islands was false. (Fala did cause some minor trouble once on the cruiser USS Tuscaloosa in the West Indies by licking the feet of sailors relaxing on deck.[8])

The idea of turning the Republican charges into a joke was that of Orson Welles.[9]: 292–293  Campaigning extensively for Roosevelt, Welles occasionally sent him ideas and phrases that were sometimes incorporated into what Welles characterized as "less important speeches".[10]: 374  One of these was the "Fala speech". Welles ad-libbed the Fala joke for the president, who was so delighted that he had a final version written into the speech by his staff. After the broadcast Roosevelt asked Welles, "How did I do? Was my timing right?"[9]: 292–293 

"The audience went wild, laughing and cheering and calling for more," wrote historian Doris Kearns Goodwin. "And the laughter carried beyond the banquet hall; it reverberated in living rooms and kitchens throughout the country, where people were listening to the speech on their radios. The Fala bit was so funny, one reporter observed, that 'even the stoniest of Republican faces cracked a smile.'"[2]: 548 

After Roosevelt's death

President Roosevelt died at Warm Springs, Georgia, on April 12, 1945. In the minutes after his death, Fala behaved very strangely. FDR biographer Jim Bishop wrote about the death scene: "... a snapping, snarling series of barks was heard. No one had paid any attention to Fala. He had been dozing in a corner of the room. For a reason beyond understanding, he ran directly for the front screen door and knocked his head against it. The screen broke and he crawled through and ran snapping and barking up into the hills. There, Secret Service men could see him, standing alone, unmoving, on an eminence. This led to the quiet question: 'Do dogs really know?'"[11]

Fala attended Roosevelt's funeral[2]: 615  and went to live with the widowed Eleanor Roosevelt at Val-Kill.[2]: 620  She took great pleasure in Fala's company, and the two became inseparable companions.[2]: 620  She often mentioned Fala in her newspaper column, "My Day", and wrote of him in her autobiography:

It was Fala, my husband's little dog, who never really readjusted. Once, in 1945, when General Eisenhower came to lay a wreath on Franklin's grave, the gates of the regular driveway were opened and his automobile approached the house accompanied by the wailing of the sirens of a police escort. When Fala heard the sirens, his legs straightened out, his ears pricked up and I knew that he expected to see his master coming down the drive as he had come so many times. Later, when we were living in the cottage, Fala always lay near the dining-room door where he could watch both entrances just as he did when his master was there. Franklin would often decide suddenly to go somewhere and Fala had to watch both entrances in order to be ready to spring up and join the party on short notice. Fala accepted me after my husband's death, but I was just someone to put up with until the master should return.[12]: 287–288 

During November 1945 Fala was hospitalized for a week after being attacked at the family's Hyde Park estate by Elliott Roosevelt's 135-pound (61 kg) bull mastiff, Blaze.[13] Fala had been staying with Margaret Suckley and visited Hyde Park. He was on a leash when the larger dog jumped on him, slashing his back and right eye. The attack ended when someone struck Blaze with a rock and dazed him. Blaze was euthanized as a precaution against future attacks and tested negative for rabies.[14]

Suffering from deafness and failing health, Fala was euthanized on April 5, 1952, two days before his twelfth birthday.[15] Fala is buried in a marked grave about ten yards (9.1 m) behind the Roosevelt tombstone in the Rose Garden at Springwood,[3] beside Chief (1918–1933), the Roosevelts' German Shepherd.[16]

  • Eleanor Roosevelt walking Fala (1947)
    Eleanor Roosevelt walking Fala (1947)
  • Fala and Eleanor Roosevelt (1951)
    Fala and Eleanor Roosevelt (1951)
  • Chief and Fala's graves
    Chief and Fala's graves
  • Grave near that of the Roosevelts' at Springwood
    Grave near that of the Roosevelts' at Springwood

Memorials

A statue of Fala beside Roosevelt is featured in the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial in Washington, D.C. Fala is the only presidential pet so honored. Another statue of him has been placed at Puerto Rico's "Paseo de los Presidentes" in San Juan. A third statue is in the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum in Hyde Park, NY. Fala's collar, dog dish, White House dog tags and other artifacts also are on display.[17] [18]

See also

References

  1. ^ Leuchtenburg, William Edward (2001). In the Shadow of FDR: From Harry Truman to George W. Bush. Cornell University Press. p. 183. ISBN 0801487374.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Goodwin, Doris Kearns (1995). No Ordinary Time. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780684804484.
  3. ^ a b c "Biography of Fala D. Roosevelt". Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library. Archived from the original on December 10, 2012. Retrieved December 7, 2012.
  4. ^ Video: Allies Win Sea, Air Battle In Fight For Africa (1944). Universal Newsreel. 1944. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  5. ^ MacDonald, Charles B. (March 19, 1997). A Time for Trumpets: The Untold Story of the Battle of the Bulge. HarperCollins. p. 226. ISBN 0688151574.
  6. ^ "FDR Preparing Radio Address". The Miami News (United Press), September 21, 1944. Retrieved June 3, 2014.[permanent dead link]
  7. ^ "1944 Radio News, 1944-09-23 FDR Teamsters Union Address – Fala (27:45–30:08)". Internet Archive. Retrieved June 2, 2014.
  8. ^ "Fala Biography". FDR Library.
  9. ^ a b Leaming, Barbara (1985). Orson Welles: A Biography. New York: Viking. ISBN 0-670-52895-1.
  10. ^ Brady, Frank (1989). Citizen Welles: A Biography of Orson Welles. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 0-385-26759-2.
  11. ^ Bishop, Jim (1974). FDR's Last Year. New York: William Morrow. p. 590–591. ISBN 9780688002763.
  12. ^ Roosevelt, Eleanor, The Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt. New York: Da Capo Press, 1992
  13. ^ "Fala In Hospital After Run In With Bulldog". The Daily Mail. Associated Press. November 29, 1945.
  14. ^ "Elliott's Blaze Destroyed for Attack on Fala". The Daily Register. United Press. November 30, 1945.
  15. ^ "Fala Buried in Hyde Park Garden At Feet of Friend and Champion". The New York Times. April 7, 1952. p. 27. Retrieved May 9, 2015. Fala received a 'mercy death' two days before his thirteenth [sic] birthday. He had been in failing health for some time. His hair had turned gray and he suffered from deafness.
  16. ^ "Roosevelt Facts and Figures". Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved September 24, 2015.
  17. ^ "FDR's Room - Home of Franklin D Roosevelt National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)".
  18. ^ "Dog Leash, Collar, Blanket, and Navy Coat".
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