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{{Short description|Somalians residing in Germany}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Somalis in Germany
| group = Somalis in Germany
| image = Somali population relative to total Somali population in Germany 2021.svg
⚫
|population = 33,900<ref name="Popt"/>
| caption = Distribution of Somali citizens in Germany (2021)
|popplace = [[Berlin]]
⚫
| population = 33,900<ref name="Popt"/>
⚫
|langs = [[Somali language|Somali]], [[German language|German]]
| popplace = [[Berlin]]{{·}}[[Kassel]]{{·}}[[Frankfurt]]
⚫
|rels = [[Islam]]
⚫
| langs = [[Somali language|Somali]], [[German language|German]]
⚫
| rels = [[Islam]]
}}
}}


'''Somalis in Germany''' are citizens and residents of [[Germany]] who are of [[Somalis|Somali]] descent. According to the [[Federal Statistical Office of Germany]], as of 2016, there are a total 33,900 [[Somalia]]-born immigrants living in Germany. Of those, 7,985 individuals were granted asylum status.<ref name="Popt">{{cite web|title=Ausländische Bevölkerung und Schutzsuchende nach Regionen und Herkunftsländern|url=https://www.destatis.de/DE/ZahlenFakten/GesellschaftStaat/Bevoelkerung/MigrationIntegration/Schutzsuchende/Tabellen/StaatsangehoerigkeitSchutzstatus.html|publisher=Statistics Germany|accessdate=15 November 2017}}</ref>
'''Somalis in Germany''' are citizens and residents of [[Germany]] who are of [[Somalis|Somali]] descent. According to the [[Federal Statistical Office of Germany]], as of 2020, there are a total 47,495 [[Somalia]]-born immigrants living in Germany. <ref name="Popt">{{cite web|title= Ausländische Bevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit |url=https://www.bpb.de/kurz-knapp/zahlen-und-fakten/soziale-situation-in-deutschland/61631/auslaendische-bevoelkerung-nach-staatsangehoerigkeit/ |publisher=Bundeszentrale f. politische Bildung|accessdate=8 June 2024}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
Between 1969 and 1991, the flow of Somali refugees to Germany was steady, but it increased quickly after 1991. Many of these later arrivals subsequently moved on to other countries, including the [[Somalis in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Schlee|first=Günther|chapter=Afterword: An Ethnographic View of Size, Scale, and Locality|title=Locating Migration: Rescaling Cities and Migrants|editor-first1=Nina|editor-last1=Glick Schiller|editor-first2=Ayşe|editor-last2=Çağlar|location=Ithaca, NY|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=2011|pages=235–242|isbn=978-0801476877|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1futDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA237#v=onepage}}</ref>
Between 1969 and 1991, the flow of Somali refugees to Germany was steady, but it increased quickly after 1991. Many of these later arrivals subsequently moved on to other countries, including the [[Somalis in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Schlee|first=Günther|chapter=Afterword: An Ethnographic View of Size, Scale, and Locality|title=Locating Migration: Rescaling Cities and Migrants|editor-first1=Nina|editor-last1=Glick Schiller|editor-first2=Ayşe|editor-last2=Çağlar|location=Ithaca, NY|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=2011|pages=235–242|isbn=978-0801476877|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1futDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA237}}</ref>
UNHCR data suggests that 15,000 people from Somalia claimed asylum in Germany between 1990 and 1999.<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Kate|last1=Day|first2=Paul|last2=White|s2cid=155051130|title=Choice or circumstance: The UK as the location of asylum applications by Bosnian and Somali refugees|journal=GeoJournal|volume=56|pages=15–26|year=2002|doi=10.1023/A:1021700817972}}</ref> In March 2019, together with the [[International Organization for Migration]], Germany started to run a resettlement programme for refugees in Ethiopia. A first group of 154 Somali refugees were resettled in Germany under the programme in October 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.iom.int/news/first-iom-international-charter-flight-ethiopia-brings-154-refugees-new-homes-germany|title=First IOM international charter flight from Ethiopia brings 154 refugees to new homes in Germany|publisher=International Organization for Migration|date=18 October 2019|accessdate=1 August 2020}}</ref>
UNHCR data suggests that 15,000 people from Somalia claimed asylum in Germany between 1990 and 1999.<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Kate|last1=Day|first2=Paul|last2=White|s2cid=155051130|title=Choice or circumstance: The UK as the location of asylum applications by Bosnian and Somali refugees|journal=GeoJournal|volume=56|pages=15–26|year=2002|doi=10.1023/A:1021700817972}}</ref> In March 2019, together with the [[International Organization for Migration]], Germany started to run a resettlement programme for refugees in Ethiopia. A first group of 154 Somali refugees were resettled in Germany under the programme in October 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.iom.int/news/first-iom-international-charter-flight-ethiopia-brings-154-refugees-new-homes-germany|title=First IOM international charter flight from Ethiopia brings 154 refugees to new homes in Germany|publisher=International Organization for Migration|date=18 October 2019|accessdate=1 August 2020}}</ref>
According to German Census data, [[Kassel]] has the highest share of Somali migrant and has a Somali cultural association. Other cities like [[Berlin]] and [[Frankfurt]] have also few numbers of Somali population.



==Social issues==
==Social issues==
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According to the [[Federal Ministry of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth|BMFSFJ]], of the 5,797 women from Somalia living in Germany in May 2016 without [[German nationality law|German citizenship]], 5,681 (98%) were victims of [[female genital mutilation]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.netzwerk-integra.de/startseite/studie-fgm/|title=Eine empirische Studie zu weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung in Deutschland (PDF download) / Tabelle 4|last=|first=|date=|website=Netzwerk INTEGRA - Deutsches Netzwerk zur Überwindung weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung|page=23 (Tabelle 4)|language=de-DE|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220003826/https://www.netzwerk-integra.de/startseite/studie-fgm/|archive-date=20 February 2017|url-status= |access-date=2019-01-19}}</ref>
According to the [[Federal Ministry of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth|BMFSFJ]], of the 5,797 women from Somalia living in Germany in May 2016 without [[German nationality law|German citizenship]], 5,681 (98%) were victims of [[female genital mutilation]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.netzwerk-integra.de/startseite/studie-fgm/|title=Eine empirische Studie zu weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung in Deutschland (PDF download) / Tabelle 4|last=|first=|date=|website=Netzwerk INTEGRA - Deutsches Netzwerk zur Überwindung weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung|page=23 (Tabelle 4)|language=de-DE|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220003826/https://www.netzwerk-integra.de/startseite/studie-fgm/|archive-date=20 February 2017|url-status= |access-date=2019-01-19}}</ref>


According to research with 20 Somali refugee women living in shared reception facilities in Germany, many travelled to the country alone, with fear of sexual violence, forced marriage, honor killings or FGM being cited as gender-specific reasons for having fled Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jesuthasan|first1=Jenny|last2=Sönmez|first2=Ekin|last3=Abels|first3=Ingar|last4=Kurmeyer|first4=Christine|last5=Gutermann|first5=Jana|last6=Kimbel|first6=Renate|last7=Krüger|first7=Antje|last8=Niklewski|first8=Guenter|last9=Richter|first9=Kneginja|last10=Stangier|first10=Ulrich|last11=Wollny|first11=Anja|last12=Zier|first12=Ulrike|last13=Oertelt-Prigione|first13=Sabine|last14=Shouler-Ocak|first14=Meryam|title=Near-death experiences, attacks by family members, and absence of health care in their home countries affect the quality of life of refugee women in Germany: A multi-region, cross-sectional, gender-sensitive study|journal=BMC Medicine|volume=16|issue=1|year=2018|page=15|doi=10.1186/s12916-017-1003-5|pmid=29391012|pmc=5793395}}</ref>
According to research with 20 Somali refugee women living in shared reception facilities in Germany, many travelled to the country alone, with fear of sexual violence, forced marriage, honor killings or FGM being cited as gender-specific reasons for having fled Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jesuthasan|first1=Jenny|last2=Sönmez|first2=Ekin|last3=Abels|first3=Ingar|last4=Kurmeyer|first4=Christine|last5=Gutermann|first5=Jana|last6=Kimbel|first6=Renate|last7=Krüger|first7=Antje|last8=Niklewski|first8=Guenter|last9=Richter|first9=Kneginja|last10=Stangier|first10=Ulrich|last11=Wollny|first11=Anja|last12=Zier|first12=Ulrike|last13=Oertelt-Prigione|first13=Sabine|last14=Shouler-Ocak|first14=Meryam|title=Near-death experiences, attacks by family members, and absence of health care in their home countries affect the quality of life of refugee women in Germany: A multi-region, cross-sectional, gender-sensitive study|journal=BMC Medicine|volume=16|issue=1|year=2018|page=15|doi=10.1186/s12916-017-1003-5|pmid=29391012|pmc=5793395 |doi-access=free }}</ref>


=== Radicalization ===
=== Radicalization ===
In the 2010-2012 Somalia became one of the main jihadi destinations for German foreign terrorist fighters. A significant portion of these Somalis belonged to a group of [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|al-Shabaab]] sympathizers in [[Bonn]], along with German converts to [[Islam in Germany|Islam]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ctc.usma.edu/deutsche-schabab-story-german-foreign-fighters-somalia-2010-2016/|title="Deutsche Schabab:" The Story of German Foreign Fighters in Somalia, 2010-2016 – Combating Terrorism Center at West Point|date=2018-05-24|work=Combating Terrorism Center at West Point|access-date=2018-08-24|language=en-US}}</ref>
In the 2010-2012 Somalia became one of the main jihadi destinations for German foreign terrorist fighters. A significant portion of these Somalis belonged to a group of [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|al-Shabaab]] sympathizers in [[Bonn]], along with German converts to [[Islam in Germany|Islam]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ctc.usma.edu/deutsche-schabab-story-german-foreign-fighters-somalia-2010-2016/|title="Deutsche Schabab:" The Story of German Foreign Fighters in Somalia, 2010-2016 – Combating Terrorism Center at West Point|date=2018-05-24|work=Combating Terrorism Center at West Point|access-date=2018-08-24|language=en-US}}</ref> Andreas Martin Muller, who has the alias Abu Nusaybah, is alleged to be one of the gunmen who attacked a military base in Lamu county Kenya from Somalia.

There were also several [[Mass stabbing|mass stabbings]] made by Somali migrants, including the mass stabbing in [[Würzburg]] (2021) where 3 women were killed and few others were injured and other mass stabbing in [[Ludwigshafen]] (2022) where 2 men were killed. Both stabbings were rumoured that these incidents were motivated to radicalized religious background.


==See also==
==Notable people==
{{further information|:Category:German people of Somali descent}}
*[[Demographics of Somalia]]


==References==
==References==
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{{Immigration to Germany}}
{{Immigration to Germany}}
{{Somali diaspora}}


[[Category:Somalian diaspora in Europe]]
[[Category:Somalian diaspora in Europe]]

Latest revision as of 12:12, 11 October 2024

Somalis in Germany
Distribution of Somali citizens in Germany (2021)
Total population
33,900[1]
Regions with significant populations
Berlin · Kassel · Frankfurt
Languages
Somali, German
Religion
Islam

Somalis in Germany are citizens and residents of Germany who are of Somali descent. According to the Federal Statistical Office of Germany, as of 2020, there are a total 47,495 Somalia-born immigrants living in Germany. [1]

History

[edit]

Between 1969 and 1991, the flow of Somali refugees to Germany was steady, but it increased quickly after 1991. Many of these later arrivals subsequently moved on to other countries, including the United Kingdom.[2] UNHCR data suggests that 15,000 people from Somalia claimed asylum in Germany between 1990 and 1999.[3] In March 2019, together with the International Organization for Migration, Germany started to run a resettlement programme for refugees in Ethiopia. A first group of 154 Somali refugees were resettled in Germany under the programme in October 2019.[4] According to German Census data, Kassel has the highest share of Somali migrant and has a Somali cultural association. Other cities like Berlin and Frankfurt have also few numbers of Somali population.


Social issues

[edit]

In a BKA report on statistics from 2017, migrants to Germany from Somalia constituted 1.7% of all migrants and 2.9% of all migrant crime suspects.[5]

Female genital mutilation and gender-based violence

[edit]

According to the BMFSFJ, of the 5,797 women from Somalia living in Germany in May 2016 without German citizenship, 5,681 (98%) were victims of female genital mutilation.[6]

According to research with 20 Somali refugee women living in shared reception facilities in Germany, many travelled to the country alone, with fear of sexual violence, forced marriage, honor killings or FGM being cited as gender-specific reasons for having fled Somalia.[7]

Radicalization

[edit]

In the 2010-2012 Somalia became one of the main jihadi destinations for German foreign terrorist fighters. A significant portion of these Somalis belonged to a group of al-Shabaab sympathizers in Bonn, along with German converts to Islam.[8] Andreas Martin Muller, who has the alias Abu Nusaybah, is alleged to be one of the gunmen who attacked a military base in Lamu county Kenya from Somalia.

There were also several mass stabbings made by Somali migrants, including the mass stabbing in Würzburg (2021) where 3 women were killed and few others were injured and other mass stabbing in Ludwigshafen (2022) where 2 men were killed. Both stabbings were rumoured that these incidents were motivated to radicalized religious background.

Notable people

[edit]
Further information: Category:German people of Somali descent

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Ausländische Bevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit". Bundeszentrale f. politische Bildung. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
  2. ^ Schlee, Günther (2011). "Afterword: An Ethnographic View of Size, Scale, and Locality". In Glick Schiller, Nina; Çağlar, Ayşe (eds.). Locating Migration: Rescaling Cities and Migrants. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. pp. 235–242. ISBN 978-0801476877.
  3. ^ Day, Kate; White, Paul (2002). "Choice or circumstance: The UK as the location of asylum applications by Bosnian and Somali refugees". GeoJournal. 56: 15–26. doi:10.1023/A:1021700817972. S2CID 155051130.
  4. ^ "First IOM international charter flight from Ethiopia brings 154 refugees to new homes in Germany". International Organization for Migration. 18 October 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
  5. ^ "Kriminalität im Kontext von Zuwanderung - Bundeslagebild 2017". BKA. 2018. p. 13.
  6. ^ "Eine empirische Studie zu weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung in Deutschland (PDF download) / Tabelle 4". Netzwerk INTEGRA - Deutsches Netzwerk zur Überwindung weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung (in German). p. 23 (Tabelle 4). Archived from the original on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 2019-01-19.
  7. ^ Jesuthasan, Jenny; Sönmez, Ekin; Abels, Ingar; Kurmeyer, Christine; Gutermann, Jana; Kimbel, Renate; Krüger, Antje; Niklewski, Guenter; Richter, Kneginja; Stangier, Ulrich; Wollny, Anja; Zier, Ulrike; Oertelt-Prigione, Sabine; Shouler-Ocak, Meryam (2018). "Near-death experiences, attacks by family members, and absence of health care in their home countries affect the quality of life of refugee women in Germany: A multi-region, cross-sectional, gender-sensitive study". BMC Medicine. 16 (1): 15. doi:10.1186/s12916-017-1003-5. PMC 5793395. PMID 29391012.
  8. ^ ""Deutsche Schabab:" The Story of German Foreign Fighters in Somalia, 2010-2016 – Combating Terrorism Center at West Point". Combating Terrorism Center at West Point. 2018-05-24. Retrieved 2018-08-24.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Utteh, Hassan Adam (1997). "The plight of the Somali refugees in Europe, with particular reference to Germany (1993)". In Utteh, Hassan Adam; Ford, Richard (eds.). Mending Rips in the Sky: Options for Somali Communities in the 21st Century. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea Press. ISBN 1569020736.
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