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{{Short description|Russian businessman and politician}}
{{Other uses|Savelyev}}
{{Other uses|Savelyev}}
{{Infobox officeholder

| fetchwikidata = ALL
{{Infobox Officeholder
| name = Vitaly Savelyev
| fetchwikidata=ALL
| name = Vitaly Savelyev
| image = Vitaly Savelyev (2020-11-10).jpg
| image = Vitaly Savelyev 2018-06-27.jpg
| alt =
| alt =
| caption = Savelyev in 2020
| caption =
| birth_name =
| office = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Russia]]<br>for Transport
| birth_name =
| term_start = 14 May 2024
| office = [[Ministry of Transport (Russia)|Minister of Transport]]
| term_start = 10 November 2020
| term_end =
| term_end =
| president = [[Vladimir Putin]]
| president = [[Vladimir Putin]]
| primeminister = [[Mikhail Mishustin]]
| predecessor = post created
| primeminister =[[Mikhail Mishustin]]
| predecessor = [[Yevgeny Dietrich]]
| successor =
| office2 = [[Ministry of Transport (Russia)|Minister of Transport]]
| successor =
| term_start2 = 10 November 2020
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|01|18}}
| term_end2 = 7 May 2024 <br><small>[[Acting (law)|Acting]]: 7 May 2024 – 14 May 2024</small>
| birth_place = [[Tashkent]], [[Uzbek SSR]], [[USSR]]
| president2 = [[Vladimir Putin]]
| death_date =
| primeminister2 = [[Mikhail Mishustin]]
| death_place =
| predecessor2 = [[Yevgeny Dietrich]]
| nationality = Soviet/Russian
| successor2 = [[Roman Starovoyt]]
| other_names =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|01|18}}
| known_for = {{nobr|CEO of OJSC [[Aeroflot]] - Russian Airlines<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-06-21/aeroflot-targets-cuisine-attendants-grooming-to-remake-soviet-era-image.html ''bloomberg.com'' Aeroflot Improves Grooming, Cuisine to Shed Soviet-Era Image]</ref>}}
| birth_place = [[Tashkent]], [[Uzbek SSR]], [[USSR]]
| occupation =
| death_date =
|awards = {{hlist|[[Order of Honour (Russian Federation)|Order of Honour]]|[[Jubilee Medal "300 Years of the Russian Navy"]]|[[Medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of Saint Petersburg"]]|[[Medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan"]]}}
| death_place =
| party = [[United Russia]]
| nationality = Soviet/Russian
| other_names =
| known_for = {{nobr|CEO of OJSC [[Aeroflot]]<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-06-21/aeroflot-targets-cuisine-attendants-grooming-to-remake-soviet-era-image.html ''bloomberg.com'' Aeroflot Improves Grooming, Cuisine to Shed Soviet-Era Image]</ref>}}
| occupation =
| awards = {{hlist|[[Order of Honour (Russian Federation)|Order of Honour]]|[[Jubilee Medal "300 Years of the Russian Navy"]]|[[Medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of Saint Petersburg"]]|[[Medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan"]]}}
| native_name = {{nobold|Виталий Савельев}}
| native_name_lang = ru
}}
}}
'''Vitaly Gennadyevich Savelyev''' ({{lang-ru|Виталий Геннадьевич Савельев}}; born January 18, 1954) is a [[Russian people|Russian]] businessman. [[Ministry of Transport (Russia)|Minister of Transport]] from 10 November 2020. Previously, he served as the chairman and CEO of [[Aeroflot]], Russia's largest airline, since 2009 to 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aeroflot.ru/cms/en/about/management |title=Aeroflot Today — Structure of Company — Board |publisher=[[Aeroflot]] |accessdate=December 31, 2014}}</ref>
'''Vitaly Gennadyevich Savelyev''' ({{langx|ru|Виталий Геннадьевич Савельев}}; born 18 January 1954) is a Russian businessman and politician serving as the Deputy Prime Minister for Transport since May 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-13 |title=Депутаты утвердили кандидатуры на должности заместителей Председателя Правительства РФ |url=http://duma.gov.ru/news/59294/ |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=Государственная Дума |language=ru}}</ref> He was previously [[Ministry of Transport (Russia)|Minister of Transport]] from November 2020 until May 2024<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/russia-ukraine-war-news-05-22-22/h_6584d092432d0a9c2aff3f4f1409322d |title=Russian transportation minister says sanctions have "practically broken all" logistics corridors for trade |date=22 May 2022 |publisher=cnn.com |access-date=November 11, 2022}}</ref> and he served as the chairman and CEO of [[Aeroflot]], Russia's largest airline, from 2009 to 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aeroflot.ru/cms/en/about/management |title=Aeroflot Today — Structure of Company — Board |publisher=[[Aeroflot]] |access-date=December 31, 2014}}</ref>

== Biography ==
== Biography ==
Vitaly Savelyev was born on January 18, 1954 in [[Tashkent]].<ref>[https://lenta.ru/lib/14159574/ Савельев, Виталий]</ref> In 1977, he graduated from the [[Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University|Leningrad Polytechnic Institute]] (Mechanical Engineering), and earned a [[PhD]] in economics in 1986 from the [[Saint Petersburg State University of Engineering and Economics|Leningrad Engineering and Economics Institute]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profiles/people/4307987-vitaly-gennadievich-savelyev|title=Vitaly Savelyev|work=Bloomberg|accessdate=December 31, 2014}}</ref>
Vitaly Savelyev was born on January 18, 1954, in [[Tashkent]].<ref>[https://lenta.ru/lib/14159574/ Савельев, Виталий]</ref> In 1977, he graduated from the [[Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University|Leningrad Polytechnic Institute]] (Mechanical Engineering), and earned a [[PhD]] in economics in 1986 from the [[Saint Petersburg State University of Engineering and Economics|Leningrad Engineering and Economics Institute]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profiles/people/4307987-vitaly-gennadievich-savelyev|title=Vitaly Savelyev|work=Bloomberg|access-date=December 31, 2014}}</ref>


From 1977 to 1984, Vitaly Savelyev worked at the [[USSR]] Ministry of Energy ([[Sayano-Shushenskaya Dam]]). He became Deputy Director of the All-Union SevZapMetallurgMontazh Trust in 1984, and Deputy Director of the GlavLeningradEngStroy Chief Directorate in 1987. In 1989, he was named President of Russian-American DialogInvest JV, Chairman of the Executive Board of [[Rossiya Bank]] in 1993, and Chairman of the Executive Board of [[Bank Menatep|Menatep]] in 1995. In 2001-2002, he was Deputy Chairman of the Executive Board of OJSC [[Gazprom]],
From 1977 to 1984, Vitaly Savelyev worked at the [[USSR]] Ministry of Energy ([[Sayano-Shushenskaya Dam]]). He became deputy director of the All-Union SevZapMetallurgMontazh Trust in 1984, and deputy director of the GlavLeningradEngStroy Chief Directorate in 1987. In 1989, he was named President of Russian-American DialogInvest JV, chairman of the executive board of [[Rossiya Bank]] in 1993, and chairman of the executive board of [[Bank Menatep|Menatep]] in 1995. In 2001–2002, he was Deputy Chairman of the executive board of OJSC [[Gazprom]],


* 2001 − present — Member of the Council of the Association of Russian Banks
* 2001 − present — Member of the Council of the Association of Russian Banks
* 2002 − 2004 — Gros United Company, Vice-President
* 2002 − 2004 — Gros United Company, Vice-president
* 2004 − 2007 — Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, Deputy Minister
* 2004 − 2007 — Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, Deputy Minister
* 2007 − 2009 — AFK [[Sistema]], First Vice-President
* 2007 − 2009 — AFK [[Sistema]], First Vice-president
* 2009 − present — OJSC [[Aeroflot]] – Russian Airlines, Director General<ref>{{cite news|url=http://buyingbusinesstravel.com/on-the-move/2009-03-30-vitaly-saveliev |title=New CEO at Aeroflot| work=BuyingBusinessTravel.com|accessdate=December 31, 2014}}</ref>
* 2009 − present — OJSC [[Aeroflot]] – Russian Airlines, Director General<ref>{{cite news|url=http://buyingbusinesstravel.com/on-the-move/2009-03-30-vitaly-saveliev |title=New CEO at Aeroflot| work=BuyingBusinessTravel.com|access-date=December 31, 2014}}</ref>
* 2020 − 2024 - [[Ministry of Transport (Russia)|Minister of Transport]]<ref name="cnn.com"/>

* 2024 − present - [[Deputy Chairman of the Government|Deputy Prime Minister]] for Transport
Vitaly Savelyev served as chairman of the boards at [[All-Russia Exhibition Centre]], OJSC Russian Development Bank, [[MTS (network provider)|MTS]], Komstar, OJSC SMM, [[Sky Link (Russia)|CJSC SkyLink]], and Shiam Telelink.
Vitaly Savelyev served as chairman of the boards at [[All-Russia Exhibition Centre]], OJSC Russian Development Bank, [[MTS (network provider)|MTS]], Komstar, OJSC SMM, [[Sky Link (Russia)|CJSC SkyLink]], and Shiam Telelink.


In 2010, Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] tasked Vitaly Savelyev to transform Aeroflot in Russia's first full-fledged airline group. Many regional carriers were merged with Aeroflot.<ref name=":0" /> In 2013, he made Aeroflot the main sponsor of the UK soccer team [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/manchester-united-renew-with-aeroflot|title=Manchester United renew with Aeroflot - SportsPro Media|website=www.sportspromedia.com|access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref> He introduced Aeroflot's new low-cost airline [[Pobeda (airline)|Pobeda]] in 2014 and actively contributed to bend Russia's aviation code to favor the development of airline activities.<ref name=":0" /> In June 2017, he announced that 40% of Aeroflot's fleet would be composed of domestic aircraft (including [[Irkut Corporation|Irkut]] aircraft).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-airplane-aeroflot-idUSKBN18T1IJ|title=Aeroflot says new Russian jet 'serious' competitor to Boeing, Airbus|date=2017-06-02|work=Reuters|access-date=2019-08-05|language=en}}</ref> Between 2009 and 2017, the number of passengers carried by Aeroflot grew from 8.9 million to 50.1 million. In August 2018, he was reelected CEO of Aeroflot.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/vitaly-saveliev-re-elected-as-ceo-of-aeroflot-894885154.html|title=Vitaly Saveliev Re-elected as CEO of Aeroflot|last=Aeroflot|website=www.prnewswire.com|language=en|access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref>
In 2010, Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] tasked Vitaly Savelyev to transform Aeroflot in Russia's first full-fledged airline group. Many regional carriers were merged with Aeroflot.<ref name=":0" /> In 2013, he made Aeroflot the main sponsor of the UK soccer team [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/manchester-united-renew-with-aeroflot|title=Manchester United renew with Aeroflot - SportsPro Media|website=www.sportspromedia.com|date=10 April 2017|access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref> He introduced Aeroflot's new low-cost airline [[Pobeda (airline)|Pobeda]] in 2014 and actively contributed to bend Russia's aviation code to favor the development of airline activities.<ref name=":0" /> In June 2017, he announced that 40% of Aeroflot's fleet would be composed of domestic aircraft (including [[Irkut Corporation|Irkut]] aircraft).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-airplane-aeroflot-idUSKBN18T1IJ|title=Aeroflot says new Russian jet 'serious' competitor to Boeing, Airbus|date=2017-06-02|work=Reuters|access-date=2019-08-05|language=en}}</ref> Between 2009 and 2017, the number of passengers carried by Aeroflot grew from 8.9 million to 50.1 million. In August 2018, he was reelected CEO of Aeroflot.<ref name=":0">{{Cite press release|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/vitaly-saveliev-re-elected-as-ceo-of-aeroflot-894885154.html|title=Vitaly Saveliev Re-elected as CEO of Aeroflot|last=Aeroflot|website=www.prnewswire.com|language=en|access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref>

In 2018, the US added Vitaly Saveley in its "Kremlin List", not a sanction, rather a way to identify Russia's top economic agents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jamestown.org/us-sanctions-throw-lifeline-russian-domestic-plane-manufacturers/|title=US Sanctions Throw Lifeline to Russian Domestic Plane Manufacturers|date=2018-03-23|website=Jamestown|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref> In May 2022 the [[United States Department of the Treasury]] placed sanctions on him pursuant to {{Executive Order|14024}} as a member of the [[Government of Russia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Treasury Severs More Networks Providing Support for Putin and Russia's Elites |url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0802 |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=U.S. Department of the Treasury |language=en}}</ref>

=== Sanctions ===
Sanctioned by the United Kingdom government in 2022 in relation to [[Russo-Ukrainian War]].<ref>{{cite web |title=CONSOLIDATED LIST OF FINANCIAL SANCTIONS TARGETS IN THE UK |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1150217/Russia.pdf |access-date=16 April 2023}}</ref>


===Minister of Transport===
In 2018, the US added Vitaly Saveley in its "Kremlin List", not a sanction, rather a way to identify Russia's top economic agents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jamestown.org/us-sanctions-throw-lifeline-russian-domestic-plane-manufacturers/|title=US Sanctions Throw Lifeline to Russian Domestic Plane Manufacturers|date=2018-03-23|website=Jamestown|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref>
[[File:Vitaly Savelyev (2020-11-10) 02.jpg|thumb|250px|Savelyev at his confirmation hearing on November 10, 2020]]
On 9 November 2020, Prime Minister [[Mikhail Mishustin]] nominated Savelyev for the Minister of Transport after the resignation of [[Yevgeny Dietrich]].<ref>[http://government.ru/news/40798/ Оперативное совещание с вице-премьерами]</ref> On 10 November, Savelyev's candidacy was approved by the [[State Duma]] and on the same day, President [[Vladimir Putin]] signed a decree appointing Savelyev to the post of Minister.<ref>[https://www.znak.com/2020-11-10/gosduma_utverdila_kandidatury_novyh_chlenov_pravitelstva_spisok Госдума утвердила кандидатуры новых членов правительства. Список]</ref>


== Personal life ==
== Personal life ==
Savelyev was a boxer and achieved the rank of [[Unified Sports Classification System of the USSR and Russia|Candidate for Master of Sport of the USSR]]. He is married and has two sons and one daughter.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://globalmsk.ru/person/id/1049 |title=САВЕЛЬЕВ Виталий Геннадьевич |publisher=Московский бизнес портал (Moscow Business Portal) |language=Russian|accessdate=December 31, 2014}}</ref>
Savelyev was a boxer and achieved the rank of [[Unified Sports Classification System of the USSR and Russia|Candidate for Master of Sport of the USSR]]. He is married and has two sons and one daughter.


==Honours and awards==
==Honours and awards==
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* [[Medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of Saint Petersburg"]]
* [[Medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of Saint Petersburg"]]
* [[Medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan"]]
* [[Medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan"]]
* “Leader of the Year” category winner at “Person of the Year 2011” award according to RosBusinessConsulting (RBC), Russia’s leading Internet holding company (2012).<ref>[http://www.rbcnews.com/ RosBusinessConsulting]</ref>
* “Leader of the Year” category winner at “Person of the Year 2011” award according to RosBusinessConsulting (RBC), Russia's leading Internet holding company (2012).<ref>[http://www.rbcnews.com/ RosBusinessConsulting]</ref>


==References and notes==
==References and notes==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{commonscat|Vitaly Savelyev}}
{{commons category|Vitaly Savelyev}}
*{{Twitter}}
*{{Twitter}}
{{Current Russian Cabinet}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Savelyev, Vitaly}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Savelyev, Vitaly}}
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[[Category:Aeroflot]]
[[Category:Aeroflot]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Russian businesspeople]]
[[Category:21st-century Russian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Honour (Russia)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Honour (Russia)]]
[[Category:People from Tashkent]]
[[Category:Engineers from Tashkent]]
[[Category:Chief executives in the airline industry]]
[[Category:Chief executives in the airline industry]]
[[Category:Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University alumni]]
[[Category:Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University alumni]]
[[Category:United Russia politicians]]
[[Category:Government ministers of Russia]]
[[Category:Deputy heads of government of the Russian Federation]]
[[Category:Russian individuals subject to United Kingdom sanctions]]
[[Category:Russian individuals subject to European Union sanctions]]
[[Category:Politicians from Tashkent]]

Latest revision as of 06:49, 30 October 2024

Vitaly Savelyev
Виталий Савельев
Savelyev in 2020
Deputy Prime Minister of Russia
for Transport
Assumed office
14 May 2024
PresidentVladimir Putin
Prime MinisterMikhail Mishustin
Preceded bypost created
Minister of Transport
In office
10 November 2020 – 7 May 2024
Acting: 7 May 2024 – 14 May 2024
PresidentVladimir Putin
Prime MinisterMikhail Mishustin
Preceded byYevgeny Dietrich
Succeeded byRoman Starovoyt
Personal details
Born (1954-01-18) January 18, 1954 (age 70)
Tashkent, Uzbek SSR, USSR
NationalitySoviet/Russian
Political partyUnited Russia
Known forCEO of OJSC Aeroflot[1]
Awards

Vitaly Gennadyevich Savelyev (Russian: Виталий Геннадьевич Савельев; born 18 January 1954) is a Russian businessman and politician serving as the Deputy Prime Minister for Transport since May 2024.[2] He was previously Minister of Transport from November 2020 until May 2024[3] and he served as the chairman and CEO of Aeroflot, Russia's largest airline, from 2009 to 2020.[4]

Biography

[edit]

Vitaly Savelyev was born on January 18, 1954, in Tashkent.[5] In 1977, he graduated from the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute (Mechanical Engineering), and earned a PhD in economics in 1986 from the Leningrad Engineering and Economics Institute.[6]

From 1977 to 1984, Vitaly Savelyev worked at the USSR Ministry of Energy (Sayano-Shushenskaya Dam). He became deputy director of the All-Union SevZapMetallurgMontazh Trust in 1984, and deputy director of the GlavLeningradEngStroy Chief Directorate in 1987. In 1989, he was named President of Russian-American DialogInvest JV, chairman of the executive board of Rossiya Bank in 1993, and chairman of the executive board of Menatep in 1995. In 2001–2002, he was Deputy Chairman of the executive board of OJSC Gazprom,

  • 2001 − present — Member of the Council of the Association of Russian Banks
  • 2002 − 2004 — Gros United Company, Vice-president
  • 2004 − 2007 — Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, Deputy Minister
  • 2007 − 2009 — AFK Sistema, First Vice-president
  • 2009 − present — OJSC Aeroflot – Russian Airlines, Director General[7]
  • 2020 − 2024 - Minister of Transport[3]
  • 2024 − present - Deputy Prime Minister for Transport

Vitaly Savelyev served as chairman of the boards at All-Russia Exhibition Centre, OJSC Russian Development Bank, MTS, Komstar, OJSC SMM, CJSC SkyLink, and Shiam Telelink.

In 2010, Russian president Vladimir Putin tasked Vitaly Savelyev to transform Aeroflot in Russia's first full-fledged airline group. Many regional carriers were merged with Aeroflot.[8] In 2013, he made Aeroflot the main sponsor of the UK soccer team Manchester United.[9] He introduced Aeroflot's new low-cost airline Pobeda in 2014 and actively contributed to bend Russia's aviation code to favor the development of airline activities.[8] In June 2017, he announced that 40% of Aeroflot's fleet would be composed of domestic aircraft (including Irkut aircraft).[10] Between 2009 and 2017, the number of passengers carried by Aeroflot grew from 8.9 million to 50.1 million. In August 2018, he was reelected CEO of Aeroflot.[8]

In 2018, the US added Vitaly Saveley in its "Kremlin List", not a sanction, rather a way to identify Russia's top economic agents.[11] In May 2022 the United States Department of the Treasury placed sanctions on him pursuant to Executive Order 14024 as a member of the Government of Russia.[12]

Sanctions

[edit]

Sanctioned by the United Kingdom government in 2022 in relation to Russo-Ukrainian War.[13]

Minister of Transport

[edit]
Savelyev at his confirmation hearing on November 10, 2020

On 9 November 2020, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin nominated Savelyev for the Minister of Transport after the resignation of Yevgeny Dietrich.[14] On 10 November, Savelyev's candidacy was approved by the State Duma and on the same day, President Vladimir Putin signed a decree appointing Savelyev to the post of Minister.[15]

Personal life

[edit]

Savelyev was a boxer and achieved the rank of Candidate for Master of Sport of the USSR. He is married and has two sons and one daughter.

Honours and awards

[edit]

References and notes

[edit]
  1. ^ bloomberg.com Aeroflot Improves Grooming, Cuisine to Shed Soviet-Era Image
  2. ^ "Депутаты утвердили кандидатуры на должности заместителей Председателя Правительства РФ". Государственная Дума (in Russian). 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
  3. ^ a b "Russian transportation minister says sanctions have "practically broken all" logistics corridors for trade". cnn.com. 22 May 2022. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
  4. ^ "Aeroflot Today — Structure of Company — Board". Aeroflot. Retrieved December 31, 2014.
  5. ^ Савельев, Виталий
  6. ^ "Vitaly Savelyev". Bloomberg. Retrieved December 31, 2014.
  7. ^ "New CEO at Aeroflot". BuyingBusinessTravel.com. Retrieved December 31, 2014.
  8. ^ a b c Aeroflot. "Vitaly Saveliev Re-elected as CEO of Aeroflot". www.prnewswire.com (Press release). Retrieved 2019-08-05.
  9. ^ "Manchester United renew with Aeroflot - SportsPro Media". www.sportspromedia.com. 10 April 2017. Retrieved 2019-08-05.
  10. ^ "Aeroflot says new Russian jet 'serious' competitor to Boeing, Airbus". Reuters. 2017-06-02. Retrieved 2019-08-05.
  11. ^ "US Sanctions Throw Lifeline to Russian Domestic Plane Manufacturers". Jamestown. 2018-03-23. Retrieved 2019-08-05.
  12. ^ "U.S. Treasury Severs More Networks Providing Support for Putin and Russia's Elites". U.S. Department of the Treasury. Retrieved 2022-06-02.
  13. ^ "CONSOLIDATED LIST OF FINANCIAL SANCTIONS TARGETS IN THE UK" (PDF). Retrieved 16 April 2023.
  14. ^ Оперативное совещание с вице-премьерами
  15. ^ Госдума утвердила кандидатуры новых членов правительства. Список
  16. ^ RosBusinessConsulting
[edit]