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{{Short description|American chess grandmaster (born 2009)}}
{{Short description|American chess grandmaster (born 2009)}}
{{Copy edit|date=September 2024}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox chess player
{{Infobox chess player
| name = Abhimanyu Mishra
| name = Abhimanyu Mishra
| image = TataSteelMishra2023 (cropped).jpg
| image = TataSteelMishra2023 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Mishra in 2023
| full_name = <!-- if different -->
| full_name = <!-- if different -->
| country = United States
| country = United States
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2009|02|05}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2009|02|05}}
| birth_place = [[New Jersey]], U.S.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Morse |first1=Ben |title=12-year-old Abhimanyu Mishra becomes youngest grandmaster in chess history |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/01/sport/abhimanyu-mishra-youngest-grandmaster-chess-spt-intl/index.html |website=CNN |access-date=12 July 2022 |date=1 July 2021}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Long Branch, New Jersey]], U.S.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Morse |first1=Ben |title=12-year-old Abhimanyu Mishra becomes youngest grandmaster in chess history |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/01/sport/abhimanyu-mishra-youngest-grandmaster-chess-spt-intl/index.html |website=CNN |access-date=12 July 2022 |date=1 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ratings.fide.com/crt/main228305.pdf|title=FIDE Title Application (IM)|accessdate=July 13, 2024}}</ref>
| title = [[Grandmaster (chess)|Grandmaster]] (2021)
| title = [[Grandmaster (chess)|Grandmaster]] (2021)
| FideID = 30920019 <!-- automatically displays current FIDE rating if 2400+ -->
| FideID = 30920019 <!-- automatically displays current FIDE rating if 2400+ -->
| peakrating = 2616 (November 2023)<ref>{{cite web |title=Ratings Progress Chart: Mishra, Abhimanyu |url=https://ratings.fide.com/profile/30920019/chart |website=ratings.fide.com |access-date=10 July 2022}}</ref>
| peakrating = 2634 (May 2024)<ref>{{cite web |title=Ratings Progress Chart: Mishra, Abhimanyu |url=https://ratings.fide.com/profile/30920019/chart |website=ratings.fide.com |access-date=10 July 2022}}</ref>
}}
}}


'''Abhimanyu Mishra''' (born February 5, 2009) is an [[United States of America|American]] [[chess grandmaster]]. A [[chess prodigy]], he became the youngest player ever to qualify for the [[Grandmaster (chess)|grandmaster]] title on June 30, 2021, at the age of 12 years, 4 months, and 25 days,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GM Abhimanyu Mishra is the Youngest GM in History! |url=https://new.uschess.org/news/gm-abhimanyu-mishra-youngest-gm-history |website=USCF Online|date=June 30, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sutovsky |first1=Emil |title=New world record is set! @ChessMishra becomes the youngest player to fulfill all Grandmaster norms at the tender age of 12 years, 4 months and 25 days. Very much deserved and impressive indeed. Kudos to the young boy and his family! |url=https://twitter.com/EmilSutovsky/status/1410280588981030915 |website=Twitter |access-date=26 July 2021 |date=30 June 2021}}</ref> beating [[Sergey Karjakin]]'s record of 12 years and 7 months, which had stood since 2002.<ref name="chess24 30 Jun 2021">{{cite news |date=30 Jun 2021 |title=Abhimanyu Mishra beats Karjakin's record as youngest ever grandmaster |url=https://chess24.com/en/read/news/abhimanyu-mishra-beats-karjakin-s-record-youngest-ever-grandmaster |work=[[Chess24]] |access-date=1 July 2021}}</ref>
'''Abhimanyu Mishra''' (born February 5, 2009) is an American [[chess grandmaster]] and [[chess prodigy]]. He is the youngest player to attain the [[Grandmaster (chess)|grandmaster]] title, having obtained it at the age of 12 years, 4 months, and 25 days.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GM Abhimanyu Mishra is the Youngest GM in History! |url=https://new.uschess.org/news/gm-abhimanyu-mishra-youngest-gm-history |website=USCF Online|date=June 30, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sutovsky |first1=Emil |title=New world record is set! @ChessMishra becomes the youngest player to fulfill all Grandmaster norms at the tender age of 12 years, 4 months and 25 days. Very much deserved and impressive indeed. Kudos to the young boy and his family! |url=https://twitter.com/EmilSutovsky/status/1410280588981030915 |website=Twitter |access-date=26 July 2021 |date=30 June 2021}}</ref> Along with the feat of becoming the youngest GM in history, Mishra also holds or has held additional "youngest" chess performance titles and records.


==Career==
==Career==
Abhimanyu Mishra broke the [[United States Chess Federation]] record for youngest Expert by earning a 2000 USCF rating at the age of 7 years, 6 months, and 22 days, breaking the record of [[Awonder Liang]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://new.uschess.org/news/meet-abhimanyu-mishra-our-youngest-ever-us-chess-expert |title=Meet Abhimanyu Mishra, Our Youngest Ever US Chess Expert |first=Jennifer |last=Shahade |date=September 16, 2016 |website=US Chess.org}}</ref> He then broke the US Chess record for youngest National Master by earning a 2200 USCF rating at the age of 9 years, 2 months, and 17 days, breaking the record of Liran Zhou.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://new.uschess.org/news/abhimanyu-mishra-youngest-us-chess-master-ever |title=Abhimanyu Mishra Youngest US Chess Master Ever |first=Jennifer |last=Shahade |date=April 27, 2018 |website=US Chess.org}}</ref> He holds the world record for the youngest [[International Master]], a title which he earned in November 2019 at the age of 10 years, 9 months, and 20 days, breaking the record of [[Rameshbabu Praggnanandhaa]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.chess.com/news/view/abhimanyu-mishra-youngest-im-in-history |title=Abhimanyu Mishra becomes the youngest IM in the world |date=2019 |access-date=2019-12-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://gamesmaven.io/chessdailynews/scholastic/meet-the-world-s-youngest-im-abhimanyu-mishra-of-the-us-BFNYshjxOUC04ULoJTKY-w/ |title=Meet the world's youngest IM, Abhimanyu Mishra of the US |author=[[Susan Polgar]] |date=9 November 2019 |access-date=9 December 2019 |website=GamesMaven |quote=Abhimanyu, born on 5 February 2009, thus achieved his IM title at the age of 10 years, 9 months and 3 days. This is 17 days faster than Praggnanandhaa. Abhimanyu Mishra is now the youngest IM in the world.}}</ref> [[FIDE]] awarded him the title in February 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titles approved by 2020 Executive Board in Abu Dhabi, UAE |url=https://www.fide.com/news/412 |access-date=2020-07-28 |website=FIDE}}</ref>
In September 2016, Abhimanyu Mishra became the youngest chess Expert in the U.S. when he earned a 2000 USCF rating at the age of 7 years, 6 months, and 22 days, according to the [[United States Chess Federation]] (USCF). This broke the previous record held by [[Awonder Liang]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://new.uschess.org/news/meet-abhimanyu-mishra-our-youngest-ever-us-chess-expert |title=Meet Abhimanyu Mishra, Our Youngest Ever US Chess Expert |first=Jennifer |last=Shahade |date=September 16, 2016 |website=US Chess.org}}</ref> During the spring of 2018, Mishra then broke the US Chess record for youngest National Master by earning a 2200 USCF rating at the age of 9 years, 2 months, and 17 days, which bested the record set by [[Liran Zhou]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://new.uschess.org/news/abhimanyu-mishra-youngest-us-chess-master-ever |title=Abhimanyu Mishra Youngest US Chess Master Ever |first=Jennifer |last=Shahade |date=April 27, 2018 |website=US Chess.org}}</ref> Until 30 June 2024, he also held the world record for the youngest [[International Master]] (IM), a title which he earned in November 2019 at the age of 10 years, 9 months, and 20 days, surpassing the record-setting performance of Indian chess phenom, [[Rameshbabu Praggnanandhaa]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.chess.com/news/view/abhimanyu-mishra-youngest-im-in-history |title=Abhimanyu Mishra becomes the youngest IM in the world |date=2019 |access-date=2019-12-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://gamesmaven.io/chessdailynews/scholastic/meet-the-world-s-youngest-im-abhimanyu-mishra-of-the-us-BFNYshjxOUC04ULoJTKY-w/ |title=Meet the world's youngest IM, Abhimanyu Mishra of the US |author=[[Susan Polgar]] |date=9 November 2019 |access-date=9 December 2019 |website=GamesMaven |quote=Abhimanyu, born on 5 February 2009, thus achieved his IM title at the age of 10 years, 9 months and 3 days. This is 17 days faster than Praggnanandhaa. Abhimanyu Mishra is now the youngest IM in the world.}}</ref> [[FIDE]] awarded him the official title of IM in February 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titles approved by 2020 Executive Board in Abu Dhabi, UAE |url=https://www.fide.com/news/412 |access-date=2020-07-28 |website=FIDE}}</ref>


In March 2021, Mishra tied for first place with GM [[Vladimir Belous]] in the Charlotte Chess Center's Spring 2021 GM Norm Invitational held in Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S., with a score of 5.5/9 and crossed 2400 FIDE for the first time on an official rating list but failed to achieve a GM norm.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://chessstream.com/Invitational/spring-2021-gm-im-norm-invitational/TournamentPairings.aspx |title=CCCSA GM/IM Norm Invitational – Summer 2021 CCCSA GM/IM Norm Invitational Chess Tournament |website=chessstream.com}}</ref>
In March 2021, Mishra tied for first place with GM [[Vladimir Belous]] in the Charlotte Chess Center's Spring 2021 GM Norm Invitational held in Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S., with a score of 5.5/9 and crossed 2400 FIDE for the first time on an official rating list but failed to achieve a GM norm.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://chessstream.com/Invitational/spring-2021-gm-im-norm-invitational/TournamentPairings.aspx |title=CCCSA GM/IM Norm Invitational – Summer 2021 CCCSA GM/IM Norm Invitational Chess Tournament |website=chessstream.com}}</ref>


To become a grandmaster, a player must score three [[Norm (chess)|GM norms]] (each norm is scored by achieving a [[Elo rating system#Performance rating|performance rating]] of over 2600 in a tournament) and exceed a [[Elo rating system|rating]] of 2500. In April 2021, Mishra tied for first place at the Vezérképző GM tournament in Budapest, Hungary, with a score of 7.0/9 and performance rating of 2603, earning his first GM norm.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://chess-results.com/tnr557917.aspx?lan=1&art=1&turdet=YES&flag=30 |title=Chess-Results Server Chess-results.com – Vezerkepzo GM April 2021 |website=chess-results.com}}</ref> In May 2021, Mishra earned clear first place at the First Saturday GM tournament in Budapest, Hungary, with a score of 8.0/9 and performance rating of 2739, having clinched his second GM norm with one round to spare and exceeding the norm by a full point.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://chess-results.com/tnr558888.aspx?lan=1&art=1&turdet=YES&flag=30 |title=Chess-Results Server Chess-results.com – First Saturday GM May 2021 |website=chess-results.com}}</ref> In June 2021, Mishra earned clear first place at the Vezérképző GM Mix tournament in Budapest, Hungary, with a score of 7.0/9 and a performance rating of 2619; giving him his third GM norm.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://chess-results.com/tnr565933.aspx?lan=1&art=9&fed=USA&turdet=YES&flag=30&snr=3 |title=Chess-Results Server Chess-results.com – Vezerkepzo GM Mix |website=chess-results.com}}</ref> As his rating had also crossed 2500, this third norm made Mishra the youngest Grandmaster in chess history, breaking the record of [[Sergey Karjakin]] by over 2 months.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ninan |first1=Susan |title=Abhimanyu Mishra, 12, becomes youngest grandmaster in chess history |url=https://www.espn.com/chess/story/_/id/31738870/american-abhimanyu-mishra-becomes-youngest-grandmaster-chess-history |website=espn.com |date=June 30, 2021 |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=1 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Abhimanyu Mishra Becomes Youngest Grandmaster In Chess History |url=https://www.chess.com/news/view/abhimanyu-mishra-youngest-grandmaster-in-chess-history |website=chess.com |access-date=1 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportstiger.com/indian-origin-boy-abhimanyu-mishra-becomes-youngest-ever-chess-grandmaster/ |title=Indian-origin boy Abhimanyu Mishra becomes youngest-ever chess Grandmaster |work=SportsTiger |date=July 2021 |access-date=1 July 2021}}</ref>
To become a grandmaster, a player must score three [[Norm (chess)|GM norms]] (each norm is scored by achieving a [[Elo rating system#Performance rating|performance rating]] of over 2600 in a tournament) and exceed a [[Elo rating system|rating]] of 2500. In April 2021, Mishra tied for first place at the Vezérképző GM tournament in Budapest, Hungary, with a score of 7.0/9 and performance rating of 2603, earning his first GM norm.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://chess-results.com/tnr557917.aspx?lan=1&art=1&turdet=YES&flag=30 |title=Chess-Results Server Chess-results.com – Vezerkepzo GM April 2021 |website=chess-results.com}}</ref> In May 2021, Mishra earned clear first place at the First Saturday GM tournament in Budapest, Hungary, with a score of 8.0/9 and performance rating of 2739, having clinched his second GM norm with one round to spare and exceeding the norm by a full point.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://chess-results.com/tnr558888.aspx?lan=1&art=1&turdet=YES&flag=30 |title=Chess-Results Server Chess-results.com – First Saturday GM May 2021 |website=chess-results.com}}</ref> In June 2021, Mishra earned clear first place at the Vezérképző GM Mix tournament in Budapest, Hungary, with a score of 7.0/9 and a performance rating of 2619; giving him his third GM norm.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://chess-results.com/tnr565933.aspx?lan=1&art=9&fed=USA&turdet=YES&flag=30&snr=3 |title=Chess-Results Server Chess-results.com – Vezerkepzo GM Mix |website=chess-results.com}}</ref> As his rating had also crossed 2500, this third norm made Mishra the youngest Grandmaster in chess history, breaking the record of [[Sergey Karjakin]] by over 2 months.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ninan |first1=Susan |title=Abhimanyu Mishra, 12, becomes youngest grandmaster in chess history |url=https://www.espn.com/chess/story/_/id/31738870/american-abhimanyu-mishra-becomes-youngest-grandmaster-chess-history |website=espn.com |date=June 30, 2021 |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=1 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Abhimanyu Mishra Becomes Youngest Grandmaster In Chess History |url=https://www.chess.com/news/view/abhimanyu-mishra-youngest-grandmaster-in-chess-history |website=chess.com |date=June 30, 2021 |access-date=1 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportstiger.com/indian-origin-boy-abhimanyu-mishra-becomes-youngest-ever-chess-grandmaster/ |title=Indian-origin boy Abhimanyu Mishra becomes youngest-ever chess Grandmaster |work=SportsTiger |date=July 2021 |access-date=1 July 2021}}</ref>


Mishra received congratulations from many players, including former record holder Karjakin<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jul/01/chess-12-year-old-abhimanyu-mishra-breaks-youngest-grandmaster-record Chess: 12-year-old Abhimanyu Mishra breaks youngest grandmaster record], [[Leonard Barden]], [[The Guardian]], 2 July 2021</ref> and then-[[World Chess Champion|World Champion]] [[Magnus Carlsen]].<ref>[https://twitter.com/ChampChessTour/status/1410609206411939841 Carlsen says he is "really impressed" by @ChessMishra's feat "Huge congratulations to Abi Mishra from United States to become the youngest GM of all time. Pretty nice achievement."], {{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ChampChessTour|title=Champions Chess Tour}}, [[Twitter]], July 2, 2021</ref> A ''[[New York Times]]'' article cited concerns from [[Nigel Short]] and [[Bruce Pandolfini]] about the methods used to achieve the feat, alleging that the GM qualification structure encourages "norm" tournaments that narrowly qualify as prestigious enough to count as a GM norm, but no tougher, to make a strong performance from the candidate easier to achieve, noting that the average rating of Mishra's opponents was noticeably lower in Hungary than in Charlotte, North Carolina.<ref name="nyt2021">{{Cite news |last1=Nechepurenko |first1=Ivan |last2=Friedman |first2=Misha |date=2021-07-13 |title=The Dark Side of Chess: Payoffs, Points and 12-Year-Old Grandmasters |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/13/sports/chess-karjakin-mishra-grandmasters.html |access-date=2021-07-13 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> World Championship challenger [[Ian Nepomniachtchi]] suggested that some changes could be made to the qualification process.<ref>[https://twitter.com/lachesisq/status/1410329271428599811 I’m dazzled with the new record, so I’d like to suggest some changes to the order of conferring titles. For example, one of the norms must be fulfilled in an open tournament, and the participation of 2400 GM luminaries in stamping new titles should be finally limited.], [[Ian Nepomniachtchi]], [[Twitter]], July 1, 2021</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ninan |first1=Susan |title=To GM or not to GM: Inside calls for FIDE to change Grandmaster requirements |url=https://www.espn.com/chess/story/_/id/32637681/inside-calls-fide-change-grandmaster-requirements-nepomniachtchi-vishwanathan-anand-vladimir-kramnik |website=ESPN |access-date=12 July 2022 |date=16 November 2021}}</ref> In 2022 FIDE updated the rules regarding titled norms, imposing that at least one norm be obtained at a [[Swiss tournament]] with at least 40 participants of an average rating of 2000 and above.<ref>{{Cite web |last=cbird |date=2021-12-10 |title=Changes to FIDE Rating and Title Regulations, Effective January 1, 2022 |url=https://new.uschess.org/news/changes-fide-rating-and-title-regulations-effective-january-1-2022 |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=US Chess.org |language=en}}</ref>
Mishra received congratulations from many players, including former record holder Karjakin<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barden |first=Leonard |author-link=Leonard Barden |date=2021-07-01 |title=Chess: 12-year-old Abhimanyu Mishra breaks youngest grandmaster record |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jul/01/chess-12-year-old-abhimanyu-mishra-breaks-youngest-grandmaster-record |access-date=2024-10-05 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> and then-[[World Chess Champion|World Champion]] [[Magnus Carlsen]].<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1410609206411939841 |user=ChampChessTour |title=Carlsen says he is "really impressed" by @ChessMishra's feat "Huge congratulations to Abi Mishra from United States to become the youngest GM of all time. Pretty nice achievement." #ChessChamps |date=2021-07-01 |access-date=2024-10-05}}</ref> A ''[[New York Times]]'' article cited concerns from [[Nigel Short]] and [[Bruce Pandolfini]] about the methods used to achieve the feat. They alleged that the GM qualification structure encourages "norm" tournaments that narrowly qualify as prestigious enough to count as a GM norm, but no tougher, to make a strong performance from the candidate easier to achieve. They noted that the average rating of Mishra's opponents was noticeably lower in Hungary than in Charlotte, North Carolina.<ref name="nyt2021">{{Cite news |last1=Nechepurenko |first1=Ivan |last2=Friedman |first2=Misha |date=2021-07-13 |title=The Dark Side of Chess: Payoffs, Points and 12-Year-Old Grandmasters |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/13/sports/chess-karjakin-mishra-grandmasters.html |access-date=2021-07-13 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> World Championship challenger [[Ian Nepomniachtchi]] suggested that some changes could be made to the qualification process.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1410329271428599811 |user=lachesisq |title=I'm dazzled with the new record, so I'd like to suggest some changes to the order of conferring titles. For example, one of the norms must be fulfilled in an open tournament, and the participation of 2400 GM luminaries in stamping new titles should be finally limited. @FIDE_chess |first=Ian |last=Nepomniachtchi |author-link=Ian Nepomniachtchi |date=2021-06-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ninan |first1=Susan |title=To GM or not to GM: Inside calls for FIDE to change Grandmaster requirements |url=https://www.espn.com/chess/story/_/id/32637681/inside-calls-fide-change-grandmaster-requirements-nepomniachtchi-vishwanathan-anand-vladimir-kramnik |website=ESPN |access-date=12 July 2022 |date=16 November 2021}}</ref> In 2022 FIDE updated the rules regarding titled norms, imposing that at least one norm be obtained at a [[Swiss tournament]] with at least 40 participants of an average rating of 2000 and above.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bird |first=Chris |date=2021-12-10 |title=Changes to FIDE Rating and Title Regulations, Effective January 1, 2022 |url=https://new.uschess.org/news/changes-fide-rating-and-title-regulations-effective-january-1-2022 |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=US Chess.org |language=en}}</ref>


Mishra played in the [[Chess World Cup 2021|2021 Chess World Cup]], losing 1½-½ to [[Baadur Jobava]] in the first round.
Mishra played in the [[Chess World Cup 2021|2021 Chess World Cup]], losing 1½-½ to [[Baadur Jobava]] in the first round.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Abhimanyu Mishra {{!}} Top Chess Players |url=https://www.chess.com/players/abhimanyu-mishra |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=Chess.com |language=en-US}}</ref>


Mishra won the St. Louis 2022 Spring Chess Classic B with a score of 7/9 and a tournament performance rating of 2739.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pairings & Results {{!}} B {{!}} www.uschesschamps.com |url=https://uschesschamps.com/2022-spring-chess-classic/pairings-results-b |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=uschesschamps.com}}</ref>
Mishra won the St. Louis 2022 Spring Chess Classic B with a score of 7/9 and a tournament performance rating of 2739.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pairings & Results {{!}} B |url=https://uschesschamps.com/2022-spring-chess-classic/pairings-results-b |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=uschesschamps.com}}</ref>


Mishra placed second in the 2023 TePe Sigeman & Co with a score of 4.5/7 and a tournament performance rating of 2742.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Svidler wins TePe Sigeman & Co, as Gelfand beats Abhimanyu|url=https://en.chessbase.com/post/tepe-sigeman-2023-r7|access-date=2023-05-11 |website=chessbase.com}}</ref>
Mishra placed second in the 2023 [[TePe Sigeman & Co chess tournament|TePe Sigeman & Co]] with a score of 4.5/7 and a tournament performance rating of 2742.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Svidler wins TePe Sigeman & Co, as Gelfand beats Abhimanyu|url=https://en.chessbase.com/post/tepe-sigeman-2023-r7|access-date=2023-05-11 |website=chessbase.com|date=May 11, 2023 }}</ref>


Mishra won the 2023 USA junior championship, qualifying him to enter the US championship proper, in which he finished 4th with 5.5/11.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Schulz |first1=André |title=Abhimanyu Mishra is the 2023 US Junior Champion |url=https://en.chessbase.com/post/us-juniors-seniors-2023-r9 |website=ChessBase |publisher=ChessBase GmbH |access-date=25 October 2023}}</ref>
Mishra won the 2023 USA Junior Championship with the score 6/9, qualifying him to play in the [[US Chess Championship|US Championship]] proper.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Schulz |first1=André |title=Abhimanyu Mishra is the 2023 US Junior Champion |url=https://en.chessbase.com/post/us-juniors-seniors-2023-r9 |website=ChessBase |date=July 25, 2023 |publisher=ChessBase GmbH |access-date=25 October 2023}}</ref> In the US Championship he placed tied for second with 6.5/11.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uschesschamps.com/2023-us-championships/pairings-results|title=2023 US Championship Pairing and Results|website=uschesschamps.com|date=17 October 2023|access-date=27 January 2024}}</ref> As a result, he crossed 2600 rating. He continued his success at the FIDE Grand Swiss, finishing with 5.5/11 and reaching a personal best rating of 2627.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ratings.fide.com/calculations.phtml?id_number=30920019&period=2023-12-01&rating=0|title=Mishra, Abhimanyu USA Individual Calculations Chess Ratings FIDE|website=ratings.fide.com|accessdate=July 13, 2024}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
{{s-ach|ach}}
{{s-ach|ach}}
⚫
{{s-bef | before = [[Sergey Karjakin]]}}
{{succession box
| title = [[List of youngest grandmasters|Youngest chess grandmaster ever]]
{{s-ttl | title = [[List of youngest grandmasters|Youngest chess grandmaster ever]] | years=2021–present}}
{{S-inc}}
| years = 2021–present
⚫
| before = [[Sergey Karjakin]]
| after = Incumbent
}}
{{S-end}}
{{S-end}}


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[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American chess players]]
[[Category:American chess players]]
[[Category:Chess grandmasters]]
[[Category:Chess Grandmasters]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Long Branch, New Jersey]]
[[Category:American people of South Asian descent]]
[[Category:American sportspeople of Indian descent]]
[[Category:American children]]

Latest revision as of 01:44, 8 November 2024

Abhimanyu Mishra
Mishra in 2023
CountryUnited States
Born (2009-02-05) February 5, 2009 (age 15)
Long Branch, New Jersey, U.S.[1][2]
TitleGrandmaster (2021)
FIDE rating2616 (November 2024)
Peak rating2634 (May 2024)[3]

Abhimanyu Mishra (born February 5, 2009) is an American chess grandmaster and chess prodigy. He is the youngest player to attain the grandmaster title, having obtained it at the age of 12 years, 4 months, and 25 days.[4][5] Along with the feat of becoming the youngest GM in history, Mishra also holds or has held additional "youngest" chess performance titles and records.

Career

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In September 2016, Abhimanyu Mishra became the youngest chess Expert in the U.S. when he earned a 2000 USCF rating at the age of 7 years, 6 months, and 22 days, according to the United States Chess Federation (USCF). This broke the previous record held by Awonder Liang.[6] During the spring of 2018, Mishra then broke the US Chess record for youngest National Master by earning a 2200 USCF rating at the age of 9 years, 2 months, and 17 days, which bested the record set by Liran Zhou.[7] Until 30 June 2024, he also held the world record for the youngest International Master (IM), a title which he earned in November 2019 at the age of 10 years, 9 months, and 20 days, surpassing the record-setting performance of Indian chess phenom, Rameshbabu Praggnanandhaa.[8][9] FIDE awarded him the official title of IM in February 2020.[10]

In March 2021, Mishra tied for first place with GM Vladimir Belous in the Charlotte Chess Center's Spring 2021 GM Norm Invitational held in Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S., with a score of 5.5/9 and crossed 2400 FIDE for the first time on an official rating list but failed to achieve a GM norm.[11]

To become a grandmaster, a player must score three GM norms (each norm is scored by achieving a performance rating of over 2600 in a tournament) and exceed a rating of 2500. In April 2021, Mishra tied for first place at the Vezérképző GM tournament in Budapest, Hungary, with a score of 7.0/9 and performance rating of 2603, earning his first GM norm.[12] In May 2021, Mishra earned clear first place at the First Saturday GM tournament in Budapest, Hungary, with a score of 8.0/9 and performance rating of 2739, having clinched his second GM norm with one round to spare and exceeding the norm by a full point.[13] In June 2021, Mishra earned clear first place at the Vezérképző GM Mix tournament in Budapest, Hungary, with a score of 7.0/9 and a performance rating of 2619; giving him his third GM norm.[14] As his rating had also crossed 2500, this third norm made Mishra the youngest Grandmaster in chess history, breaking the record of Sergey Karjakin by over 2 months.[15][16][17]

Mishra received congratulations from many players, including former record holder Karjakin[18] and then-World Champion Magnus Carlsen.[19] A New York Times article cited concerns from Nigel Short and Bruce Pandolfini about the methods used to achieve the feat. They alleged that the GM qualification structure encourages "norm" tournaments that narrowly qualify as prestigious enough to count as a GM norm, but no tougher, to make a strong performance from the candidate easier to achieve. They noted that the average rating of Mishra's opponents was noticeably lower in Hungary than in Charlotte, North Carolina.[20] World Championship challenger Ian Nepomniachtchi suggested that some changes could be made to the qualification process.[21][22] In 2022 FIDE updated the rules regarding titled norms, imposing that at least one norm be obtained at a Swiss tournament with at least 40 participants of an average rating of 2000 and above.[23]

Mishra played in the 2021 Chess World Cup, losing 1½-½ to Baadur Jobava in the first round.[24]

Mishra won the St. Louis 2022 Spring Chess Classic B with a score of 7/9 and a tournament performance rating of 2739.[25]

Mishra placed second in the 2023 TePe Sigeman & Co with a score of 4.5/7 and a tournament performance rating of 2742.[26]

Mishra won the 2023 USA Junior Championship with the score 6/9, qualifying him to play in the US Championship proper.[27] In the US Championship he placed tied for second with 6.5/11.[28] As a result, he crossed 2600 rating. He continued his success at the FIDE Grand Swiss, finishing with 5.5/11 and reaching a personal best rating of 2627.[29]

References

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  1. ^ Morse, Ben (July 1, 2021). "12-year-old Abhimanyu Mishra becomes youngest grandmaster in chess history". CNN. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
  2. ^ "FIDE Title Application (IM)" (PDF). Retrieved July 13, 2024.
  3. ^ "Ratings Progress Chart: Mishra, Abhimanyu". ratings.fide.com. Retrieved July 10, 2022.
  4. ^ "GM Abhimanyu Mishra is the Youngest GM in History!". USCF Online. June 30, 2021.
  5. ^ Sutovsky, Emil (June 30, 2021). "New world record is set! @ChessMishra becomes the youngest player to fulfill all Grandmaster norms at the tender age of 12 years, 4 months and 25 days. Very much deserved and impressive indeed. Kudos to the young boy and his family!". Twitter. Retrieved July 26, 2021.
  6. ^ Shahade, Jennifer (September 16, 2016). "Meet Abhimanyu Mishra, Our Youngest Ever US Chess Expert". US Chess.org.
  7. ^ Shahade, Jennifer (April 27, 2018). "Abhimanyu Mishra Youngest US Chess Master Ever". US Chess.org.
  8. ^ "Abhimanyu Mishra becomes the youngest IM in the world". 2019. Retrieved December 8, 2019.
  9. ^ Susan Polgar (November 9, 2019). "Meet the world's youngest IM, Abhimanyu Mishra of the US". GamesMaven. Retrieved December 9, 2019. Abhimanyu, born on 5 February 2009, thus achieved his IM title at the age of 10 years, 9 months and 3 days. This is 17 days faster than Praggnanandhaa. Abhimanyu Mishra is now the youngest IM in the world.
  10. ^ "Titles approved by 2020 Executive Board in Abu Dhabi, UAE". FIDE. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
  11. ^ "CCCSA GM/IM Norm Invitational – Summer 2021 CCCSA GM/IM Norm Invitational Chess Tournament". chessstream.com.
  12. ^ "Chess-Results Server Chess-results.com – Vezerkepzo GM April 2021". chess-results.com.
  13. ^ "Chess-Results Server Chess-results.com – First Saturday GM May 2021". chess-results.com.
  14. ^ "Chess-Results Server Chess-results.com – Vezerkepzo GM Mix". chess-results.com.
  15. ^ Ninan, Susan (June 30, 2021). "Abhimanyu Mishra, 12, becomes youngest grandmaster in chess history". espn.com. ESPN Sports Media Ltd. Retrieved July 1, 2021.
  16. ^ "Abhimanyu Mishra Becomes Youngest Grandmaster In Chess History". chess.com. June 30, 2021. Retrieved July 1, 2021.
  17. ^ "Indian-origin boy Abhimanyu Mishra becomes youngest-ever chess Grandmaster". SportsTiger. July 2021. Retrieved July 1, 2021.
  18. ^ Barden, Leonard (July 1, 2021). "Chess: 12-year-old Abhimanyu Mishra breaks youngest grandmaster record". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  19. ^ @ChampChessTour (July 1, 2021). "Carlsen says he is "really impressed" by @ChessMishra's feat "Huge congratulations to Abi Mishra from United States to become the youngest GM of all time. Pretty nice achievement." #ChessChamps" (Tweet). Retrieved October 5, 2024 – via Twitter.
  20. ^ Nechepurenko, Ivan; Friedman, Misha (July 13, 2021). "The Dark Side of Chess: Payoffs, Points and 12-Year-Old Grandmasters". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  21. ^ Nepomniachtchi, Ian [@lachesisq] (June 30, 2021). "I'm dazzled with the new record, so I'd like to suggest some changes to the order of conferring titles. For example, one of the norms must be fulfilled in an open tournament, and the participation of 2400 GM luminaries in stamping new titles should be finally limited. @FIDE_chess" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  22. ^ Ninan, Susan (November 16, 2021). "To GM or not to GM: Inside calls for FIDE to change Grandmaster requirements". ESPN. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
  23. ^ Bird, Chris (December 10, 2021). "Changes to FIDE Rating and Title Regulations, Effective January 1, 2022". US Chess.org. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
  24. ^ "Abhimanyu Mishra | Top Chess Players". Chess.com. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  25. ^ "Pairings & Results | B". uschesschamps.com. Retrieved March 28, 2023.
  26. ^ "Svidler wins TePe Sigeman & Co, as Gelfand beats Abhimanyu". chessbase.com. May 11, 2023. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
  27. ^ Schulz, André (July 25, 2023). "Abhimanyu Mishra is the 2023 US Junior Champion". ChessBase. ChessBase GmbH. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
  28. ^ "2023 US Championship Pairing and Results". uschesschamps.com. October 17, 2023. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
  29. ^ "Mishra, Abhimanyu USA Individual Calculations Chess Ratings FIDE". ratings.fide.com. Retrieved July 13, 2024.
[edit]
Achievements
Preceded by Youngest chess grandmaster ever
2021–present 		Incumbent


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