Darfur campaign: Difference between revisions

Darfur campaign
	Part of Sudanese civil war (2023–present)
	; Situation in Darfur as of March 2024
Date	15 April 2023 – present; (1 year, 7 months and 1 day)
Location	Darfur (North Darfur, South Darfur, West Darfur, Central Darfur and East Darfur)
Status	Ongoing Rapid Support Forces control all of South Darfur, Central Darfur, East Darfur, and West Darfur; RSF forces capture strategic cities such as Geneina, Kabkabiya, Um Dafuq, Ed Daein, Kutum, and Nyala; Ceasefires are held in Nyala until 18 May and El Fasher with sporadic clashes beginning on 18 August; The Sudan Liberation Movement controls parts of Darfur including the town of Tawila;
Belligerents
Rapid Support Forces; Supported by:; Libyan National Army; Wagner Group (alleged, denied by RSF and Wagner)	Sudanese Armed Forces Darfur Joint Protection Force Justice and Equality Movement; Sudan Liberation Movement; Sudanese National Alliance; Gathering of Sudan Liberation Forces; ; Supported by:; Ukraine
Commanders and leaders
Abdelrahim Dagalo; Abdel Rahman Jumma; Ali Yaqoub Gibril †	Gibril Ibrahim (JEM); Minni Minnawi (SLA-MM); al-Tahir Hajar (GSLF)
Casualties and losses
	10,000+ killed

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Latest revision as of 11:58, 16 November 2024

The Darfur campaign or Darfur offensive is a theatre of operation in the war in Sudan that affects five states in Darfur: South Darfur, East Darfur, North Darfur, Central Darfur and West Darfur.^[16]^[17] The offensive mainly started on 15 April 2023 in West Darfur where the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) forces captured Geneina, the conflict came after several days of high tensions between the forces and the government.^[18]

The Battle of Geneina and the Battle of Nyala were the largest battles of the campaign, which all in total killed hundreds of civilians and both ended up with a RSF victory between 20 April to 2 May 2023.^[19]

Overview of war

In the early hours of the morning of 15 April 2023, soldiers loyal to the Rapid Support Forces started a series of assaults on key buildings in Khartoum, primarily the Khartoum International Airport. While the international airport was captured by the RSF, street battles continued throughout Khartoum and the neighboring cities of Omdurman and Bahri.^[20]^[21] The RSF also captured the presidential palace, the residence of the former Sudanese president Omar al-Bashir, and attacked a military base.^[22]^[23] Users on Facebook Live and Twitter documented the Sudanese Air Force flying above the city, and striking the RSF targets.^[24]

Origin in Darfur

The history of conflicts in Sudan has consisted of foreign invasions and resistance, ethnic tensions, religious disputes, and competition over resources.^[25]^[26] In its modern history, two civil wars between the central government and the southern regions killed 1.5 million people, and a continuing conflict in the western region of Darfur has displaced two million people and killed more than 200,000 people.^[27] Since independence in 1956, Sudan has had more than fifteen military coups^[28] and it has also been ruled by the military for the majority of the republic's existence, with only brief periods of democratic civilian parliamentary rule.^[29]

Former president and military strongman Omar al-Bashir presided over the War in Darfur, a region in the west of the country, and oversaw state-sponsored violence in the region of Darfur, leading to charges of war crimes and genocide.^[30] Approximately 300,000 people were killed and 2.7 million forcibly displaced in the early part of the Darfur conflict; the intensity of the violence later declined.^[31] Key figures in the Darfur conflict included Mohamed Hamdan "Hemedti" Dagalo, a warlord^[32] who commanded the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) which evolved from the janjaweed, a collection of Arab militias drawn from camel-trading tribes active in Darfur and portions of Chad.^[33]

Campaign

On 15 April 2023, Geneina, the capital of West Darfur, was largely captured and occupied by RSF forces, with little resistance, except at Geneina Airport.^[34] The occupation of the city lasted until 25 April 2023, when a battle for the city resumed and was reportedly 'deadly'. By the end of the battle, over 200 people had been confirmed to be killed, with the number estimated to be much higher between soldiers and civilians.^[35] On 2 May, Geneina was mostly captured by RSF, while the group also kept advancing in several other areas of the province.^[36]

The RSF quickly began to enlist Darfur's Arab tribes to expand its ranks and gain the upper hand in the area. Together, the RSF and its allies quickly overran large parts and Darfur, and began to expel or outright massacre non-Arabs. According to security analyst Andrew McGregor, the RSF operations in Darfur appeared to aim at "ethnically cleans[ing] the region of its indigenous Black population".^[14] In response, several non-Arab militias and ex-rebel groups in Darfur allied with the SAF to defend their holdings. Five major armed groups formed the Darfur Joint Protection Force; the alliance included the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) under Gibril Ibrahim, the Sudan Liberation Army faction (SLA-MM) of Darfur Governor Minni Minawi, and the Gathering of Sudan Liberation Forces under al-Tahir Hajar. However, the cooperation between the SAF and the Joint Protection Force remained difficult, as both sides distrusted each other. Several member groups of the Joint Protection Force experienced internal divisions over the alliance with the SAF, with some factions leaving their respective groups to stay neutral or even side with the RSF.^[14]

On 26 October, the RSF captured Nyala, Sudan's second-largest city and South Darfur's capital, after a long siege. As the city had served as a major military center, this was a major victory for the RSF. Soon after, the RSF also overran Zalingei, capital of Central Darfur, after the local SAF garrison had fled. The center of West Darfur, Geneina, was fully conquered by the RSF on 4 November. In course of and after the battle for Geneina, the RSF and its allies subsequently massacred many civilians. The fall of Geneina caused many SAF garrisons in Darfur to also abandon their posts and desert or flee to Chad. Meanwhile, the RSF and its allies laid siege to al-Fashir, the capital of the entire Darfur region. At al-Fashir, the SAF-Joint Protection Force garrison received support by another rebel group, the Sudan Liberation Army's al-Nur faction (SLA-AW).^[14]

By mid-December 2023, McGregor assessed that the RSF was nearing victory in the conflict over Darfur, controlling four of the region's five states. Al-Fashir still remained under control of the Joint Protection Force, but it was no longer receiving supplies from the SAF-held areas in central Sudan, causing food, fuel, and medicines shortages. Meanwhile, SAF control was also collapsing in other parts of Sudan, making any additional support for the Darfuri holdouts more unlikely.^[14]

By May 2024, al-Fashir had become the last stronghold of the Sudanese government in Darfur. The city remained besieged by the RSF which had begun to launch raids into the settlement.^[37]

Foreign role in the campaign

It has been alleged that the RSF has received foreign support in Darfur, most notably at the hands of the United Arab Emirates and the Wagner Group. Darfur Governor Minni Minawi also accused the Chadian government of allowing the passage of arms and mercenaries to the RSF. Conversely, Chadian officers of Zaghawa ethnicity allegedly aid the Darfur Joint Protection Force, as several of its member groups are recruited from Sudanese Zaghawa.^[14]

Notes

^ ^[1]^[2]
^ Wagner Group, self described as a private military company, is widely considered to be the de facto private army of the Russian government.^[3]^[4] Wagner Group section^[5]^[6]^[7]

References

^ Faucon, Benoit; Said, Summer; Malsin, Jared (19 April 2023). "Libyan Militia and Egypt's Military Back Opposite Sides in Sudan Conflict". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023. "Mr. Haftar, who is backed by Russia and the United Arab Emirates, sent at least one shipment of ammunition on Monday (17 April) from Libya to Sudan to replenish supplies for Gen. Dagalo," the people familiar with the matter said.
^ "Sudan's army chief says Haftar denies supporting RSF; no confirmation on Wagner Group's involvement". Al-Ahram. 22 April 2023.
^ Faulkner, Christopher (June 2022). Cruickshank, Paul; Hummel, Kristina (eds.). "Undermining Democracy and Exploiting Clients: The Wagner Group's Nefarious Activities in Africa" (PDF). CTC Sentinel. 15 (6). West Point, New York: Combating Terrorism Center: 28–37. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 July 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
^ "What is the Wagner Group, Russia's mercenary organisation?". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2022. "From a legal perspective, Wagner doesn't exist," says Sorcha MacLeod
^ Elbagir, Nima; Mezzofiore, Gianluca; Qiblawi, Tamara (20 April 2023). "Exclusive: Evidence emerges of Russia's Wagner arming militia leader battling Sudan's army". CNN. Archived from the original on 20 April 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2023. The Russian mercenary group Wagner has been supplying Sudan's Rapid Support Forces (RSF) with missiles to aid their fight against the country's army, Sudanese and regional diplomatic sources have told CNN. The sources said the surface-to-air missiles have significantly buttressed RSF paramilitary fighters and their leader Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo
^ Schmitt, Eric; Wong, Edward (23 April 2023). "United States Says Wagner Has Quietly Picked Sides in Sudan". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023. Retrieved 25 April 2023. Yevgeny Prigozhin, the founder of the notorious private military company Wagner, has offered weapons to the paramilitaries fighting for control of Sudan, according to American officials.
^ ^a ^b "Wagner in Sudan: What have Russian mercenaries been up to?". BBC News. 24 April 2023. Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023. Its founder, Yevgeny Prighozin – who has close links to President Vladimir Putin – has said that "not a single Wagner PMC [private military company] fighter has been present in Sudan" for over two years. We've found no evidence that Russian mercenaries are currently inside the country. But there is evidence of Wagner's previous activities in Sudan...
^ "Sudan's Rapid Support Force denies links to Wagner group". Military Africa. 22 April 2023. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
^ SudanTribune (24 May 2023). "Rapid Support Forces ambush peace groups in West Darfur". Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 24 May 2023.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/06/ukrainian-special-forces-sudan-russian-mercenaries-wagner
^ "Darfur update: El Geneina clashes continue, truce holds in el Fasher, looting in Nyala". 2 May 2023.
^ Sudan, Tribune (23 September 2023). "SLM-Nur expands control to several areas in Darfur to protect civilians".^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Monitor, Sudan War. "Top RSF commander Ali Yagoub killed in El Fasher". sudanwarmonitor.com.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h McGregor 2023.
^ "10,000 reported killed in one West Darfur city, as ethnic violence ravages Sudanese region". CNN. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
^ "Mass exodus from Sudan as deadly fighting enters third week". France 24. 30 April 2023. Archived from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
^ Peltier, Elian (29 April 2023). "Sudan's Conflict Ignites Fears of Civil War in Darfur". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
^ Bergman, Andrew (17 April 2023). "Deadly Sudan Army-RSF clashes spark human tragedy, widespread looting in Darfur". Dabanga Radio TV Online. Archived from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
^ "Bloodshed in Sudan's Darfur as Hemeti's allies and enemies vie for control". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
^ "Sudan unrest: RSF captures presidential palace as violence rages". www.geo.tv. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
^ "Saudi airline says plane came under fire at Khartoum International Airport". Reuters. 15 April 2023. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
^ "Sudan: Paramilitary group says it controls palace, Khartoum airport". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 15 April 2023. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
^ "Sudan's RSF say it seized presidential palace, Khartoum airport in apparent coup bid". Al Arabiya English. 15 April 2023. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
^ "Fighting between Sudan military rivals enters a second day, with dozens dead". CNN. 15 April 2023. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
^ Sawant, Ankush B. (1998). "Ethnic Conflict in Sudan in Historical Perspective". International Studies. 35 (3): 343–363. doi:10.1177/0020881798035003006. ISSN 0020-8817. S2CID 154750436. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
^ Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn (1990). "Islamization in Sudan: A Critical Assessment". Middle East Journal. 44 (4): 610–623. ISSN 0026-3141. JSTOR 4328193. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
^ "Sudan: The basics". BBC News. 17 April 2023. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
^ Fabricius, Peter (31 July 2020). "Sudan, a coup laboratory". Institute for Security Studies. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
^ Biajo, Nabeel (22 October 2022). "Military Rule No Longer Viable in Sudan: Analyst". VOA Africa. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
^ Abdelaziz, Khalid; Eltahir, Nafisa; Eltahir, Nafisa (15 April 2023). MacSwan, Angus (ed.). "Sudan's army chief, paramilitary head ready to de-escalate tensions, mediators say". Reuters. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
^ Samy Magdy & Joseph Krauss, Sudanese general's path to power ran through Darfur Archived 26 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press (May 20, 2019).
^ Fulton, Adam; Holmes, Oliver (25 April 2023). "Sudan conflict: why is there fighting and what is at stake in the region?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
^ Who is 'Hemedti', general behind Sudan's feared RSF force? Archived 27 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine, Al Jazeera (April 16, 2023).
^ Badshah, Nadeem; Abdul, Geneva; Mackay, Hamish; Badshah (now), Nadeem; Mackay (earlier), Hamish (15 April 2023). "Sudanese air force urges people to stay indoors as doctors union says at least 25 dead – as it happened". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
^ "RSF soldier in front of police HQ in Sudan's West Darfur". BBC News. Archived from the original on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
^ Nashed, Mat. "Shifting alliances in Sudan's Darfur as new civil war fears rise". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
^ "At least 47 killed in Sudan army's last Darfur stronghold el-Fasher". al-Jazeera. 22 April 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2024.

Works cited

McGregor, Andrew (December 2023). "Assessing the War in Sudan: Is an RSF Victory in Sight?". Terrorism Monitor. 21 (24). Jamestown Foundation.

[3] [1]^[2]

[9] Wagner Group, self described as a private military company, is widely considered to be the de facto private army of the Russian government.^[3]^[4] Wagner Group section^[5]^[6]^[7]

[for1-1] Faucon, Benoit; Said, Summer; Malsin, Jared (19 April 2023). "Libyan Militia and Egypt's Military Back Opposite Sides in Sudan Conflict". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023. "Mr. Haftar, who is backed by Russia and the United Arab Emirates, sent at least one shipment of ammunition on Monday (17 April) from Libya to Sudan to replenish supplies for Gen. Dagalo," the people familiar with the matter said.

[libya-ahram-2] "Sudan's army chief says Haftar denies supporting RSF; no confirmation on Wagner Group's involvement". Al-Ahram. 22 April 2023.

[Faulkner_2022-4] Faulkner, Christopher (June 2022). Cruickshank, Paul; Hummel, Kristina (eds.). "Undermining Democracy and Exploiting Clients: The Wagner Group's Nefarious Activities in Africa" (PDF). CTC Sentinel. 15 (6). West Point, New York: Combating Terrorism Center: 28–37. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 July 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2022.

[economistexplains-5] "What is the Wagner Group, Russia's mercenary organisation?". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2022. "From a legal perspective, Wagner doesn't exist," says Sorcha MacLeod

[Wagner-6] Elbagir, Nima; Mezzofiore, Gianluca; Qiblawi, Tamara (20 April 2023). "Exclusive: Evidence emerges of Russia's Wagner arming militia leader battling Sudan's army". CNN. Archived from the original on 20 April 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2023. The Russian mercenary group Wagner has been supplying Sudan's Rapid Support Forces (RSF) with missiles to aid their fight against the country's army, Sudanese and regional diplomatic sources have told CNN. The sources said the surface-to-air missiles have significantly buttressed RSF paramilitary fighters and their leader Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo

[WagnerNYT-7] Schmitt, Eric; Wong, Edward (23 April 2023). "United States Says Wagner Has Quietly Picked Sides in Sudan". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023. Retrieved 25 April 2023. Yevgeny Prigozhin, the founder of the notorious private military company Wagner, has offered weapons to the paramilitaries fighting for control of Sudan, according to American officials.

[WagnerBBC-8] "Wagner in Sudan: What have Russian mercenaries been up to?". BBC News. 24 April 2023. Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023. Its founder, Yevgeny Prighozin – who has close links to President Vladimir Putin – has said that "not a single Wagner PMC [private military company] fighter has been present in Sudan" for over two years. We've found no evidence that Russian mercenaries are currently inside the country. But there is evidence of Wagner's previous activities in Sudan...

[10] "Sudan's Rapid Support Force denies links to Wagner group". Military Africa. 22 April 2023. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.

[11] SudanTribune (24 May 2023). "Rapid Support Forces ambush peace groups in West Darfur". Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 24 May 2023.^{[permanent dead link]}

[12] ttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/06/ukrainian-special-forces-sudan-russian-mercenaries-wagner

[13] "Darfur update: El Geneina clashes continue, truce holds in el Fasher, looting in Nyala". 2 May 2023.

[14] Sudan, Tribune (23 September 2023). "SLM-Nur expands control to several areas in Darfur to protect civilians".^{[permanent dead link]}

[15] Monitor, Sudan War. "Top RSF commander Ali Yagoub killed in El Fasher". sudanwarmonitor.com.

[FOOTNOTEMcGregor2023-16] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h McGregor 2023.

[17] "10,000 reported killed in one West Darfur city, as ethnic violence ravages Sudanese region". CNN. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 12 August 2023.

[:0-18] "Mass exodus from Sudan as deadly fighting enters third week". France 24. 30 April 2023. Archived from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.

[19] Peltier, Elian (29 April 2023). "Sudan's Conflict Ignites Fears of Civil War in Darfur". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.

[20] Bergman, Andrew (17 April 2023). "Deadly Sudan Army-RSF clashes spark human tragedy, widespread looting in Darfur". Dabanga Radio TV Online. Archived from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.

[21] "Bloodshed in Sudan's Darfur as Hemeti's allies and enemies vie for control". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.

[22] "Sudan unrest: RSF captures presidential palace as violence rages". www.geo.tv. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.

[23] "Saudi airline says plane came under fire at Khartoum International Airport". Reuters. 15 April 2023. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.

[24] "Sudan: Paramilitary group says it controls palace, Khartoum airport". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 15 April 2023. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.

[25] "Sudan's RSF say it seized presidential palace, Khartoum airport in apparent coup bid". Al Arabiya English. 15 April 2023. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.

[26] "Fighting between Sudan military rivals enters a second day, with dozens dead". CNN. 15 April 2023. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.

[27] Sawant, Ankush B. (1998). "Ethnic Conflict in Sudan in Historical Perspective". International Studies. 35 (3): 343–363. doi:10.1177/0020881798035003006. ISSN 0020-8817. S2CID 154750436. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023.

[28] Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn (1990). "Islamization in Sudan: A Critical Assessment". Middle East Journal. 44 (4): 610–623. ISSN 0026-3141. JSTOR 4328193. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.

[29] "Sudan: The basics". BBC News. 17 April 2023. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023.

[30] Fabricius, Peter (31 July 2020). "Sudan, a coup laboratory". Institute for Security Studies. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023.

[31] Biajo, Nabeel (22 October 2022). "Military Rule No Longer Viable in Sudan: Analyst". VOA Africa. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023.

[Abdelaziz-2023-32] Abdelaziz, Khalid; Eltahir, Nafisa; Eltahir, Nafisa (15 April 2023). MacSwan, Angus (ed.). "Sudan's army chief, paramilitary head ready to de-escalate tensions, mediators say". Reuters. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.

[PathtoPower-33] Samy Magdy & Joseph Krauss, Sudanese general's path to power ran through Darfur Archived 26 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press (May 20, 2019).

[AtStakeRegion-34] Fulton, Adam; Holmes, Oliver (25 April 2023). "Sudan conflict: why is there fighting and what is at stake in the region?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.

[FearedForce-35] Who is 'Hemedti', general behind Sudan's feared RSF force? Archived 27 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine, Al Jazeera (April 16, 2023).

[36] Badshah, Nadeem; Abdul, Geneva; Mackay, Hamish; Badshah (now), Nadeem; Mackay (earlier), Hamish (15 April 2023). "Sudanese air force urges people to stay indoors as doctors union says at least 25 dead – as it happened". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.

[37] "RSF soldier in front of police HQ in Sudan's West Darfur". BBC News. Archived from the original on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.

[38] Nashed, Mat. "Shifting alliances in Sudan's Darfur as new civil war fears rise". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.

[39] "At least 47 killed in Sudan army's last Darfur stronghold el-Fasher". al-Jazeera. 22 April 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2024.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|Ongoing military offensive in Sudan}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
 {{Infobox military conflict
 | conflict          = Darfur campaign
 | image             = {{CSS image crop
-  | Image       = 2023 Sudan clashes.svg
+  | Image       = War in Sudan (2023).svg
   | bSize       = 700
   | cWidth      = 250
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
   | Alt         =
 }}
-| date              = 15 April 2023 – present<br />({{age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=4|day1=15|year1=2023}})
+| date              = 15 April 2023 – present<br />({{age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=4|day1=15|year1=2023|month2=|day2=|year2=}})
 | place             = [[Darfur]] ([[North Darfur]], [[South Darfur]], [[West Darfur]], [[Central Darfur]] and [[East Darfur]])
 | status            = Ongoing
-* [[Rapid Support Forces]] control almost all of [[South Darfur]], [[Central Darfur]] and [[East Darfur]], and most of [[West Darfur]]
+* [[Rapid Support Forces]] control all of [[South Darfur]], [[Central Darfur]], [[East Darfur]], and [[West Darfur]]
 * RSF forces capture strategic cities such as [[Geneina]], [[Kabkabiya]], [[Um Dafuq]], [[Ed Daein]], [[Kutum]], and [[Nyala, Sudan|Nyala]]
-* Ceasefires are held in [[Nyala, Sudan|Nyala]] until  May 18 and [[El Fasher]] with Sporadic clashes beginning on August 18<ref>[https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/darfur-update-el-geneina-clashes-continue-truce-holds-in-el-fasher-looting-in-nyala]</ref>
+* Ceasefires are held in [[Nyala, Sudan|Nyala]] until 18 May and [[El Fasher]] with sporadic clashes beginning on 18 August<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/darfur-update-el-geneina-clashes-continue-truce-holds-in-el-fasher-looting-in-nyala | title=Darfur update: El Geneina clashes continue, truce holds in el Fasher, looting in Nyala | date=2 May 2023 }}</ref>
-* The [[Sudan Liberation Movement/Army|Sudan Liberation Movement]] controls parts of [[Darfur]] including the town of [[Tawila]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sudantribune.com/article277603/|last=Sudan|first=Tribune|date=23 September 2023|title=SLM-Nur expands control to several areas in Darfur to protect civilians}}</ref>
+* The [[Sudan Liberation Movement/Army|Sudan Liberation Movement]] controls parts of [[Darfur]] including the town of [[Tawila]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sudantribune.com/article277603/|last=Sudan|first=Tribune|date=23 September 2023|title=SLM-Nur expands control to several areas in Darfur to protect civilians}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 | territory         =
-| combatant1        = {{flagicon image|Emblem of the Rapid Support Forces.png|border=}} [[Rapid Support Forces]]<br/>'''Supported by:'''<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of The Libyan National Army (Variant).svg}} [[Libyan National Army]]{{efn|<ref name=for1>{{cite news |last1=Faucon |first1=Benoit |last2=Said |first2=Summer |last3=Malsin |first3=Jared |title=Libyan Militia and Egypt's Military Back Opposite Sides in Sudan Conflict |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/libyan-militia-and-egypts-military-back-opposite-sides-in-sudan-conflict-87206c3b |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=19 April 2023 |quote="Mr. Haftar, who is backed by Russia and the United Arab Emirates, sent at least one shipment of ammunition on Monday (17 April) from Libya to Sudan to replenish supplies for Gen. Dagalo," the people familiar with the matter said.|archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419190701/https://www.wsj.com/articles/libyan-militia-and-egypts-military-back-opposite-sides-in-sudan-conflict-87206c3b |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="libya-ahram">{{cite news |title=Sudan's army chief says Haftar denies supporting RSF; no confirmation on Wagner Group’s involvement |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/496267.aspx |work=[[Al-Ahram]] |date=22 April 2023}}</ref>}}<br/> <!-- DO NOT USE WAGNER FLAG, SEE IN LINE NOTE FOR MORE INFORMATION. --> [[Wagner Group]]{{efn|Wagner Group, self described as a private military company, is widely considered to be the de facto private army of the Russian government.<ref name="Faulkner 2022">{{cite journal |author-last=Faulkner |author-first=Christopher |date=June 2022 |url=https://ctc.westpoint.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/CTC-SENTINEL-062022.pdf |title=Undermining Democracy and Exploiting Clients: The Wagner Group's Nefarious Activities in Africa |url-status=live |editor1-last=Cruickshank |editor1-first=Paul |editor2-last=Hummel |editor2-first=Kristina |journal=[[CTC Sentinel]] |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=28–37 |publisher=[[Combating Terrorism Center]] |location=[[West Point, New York]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719173200/https://ctc.westpoint.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/CTC-SENTINEL-062022.pdf |archive-date=19 July 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="economistexplains">{{Cite news |title=What is the Wagner Group, Russia's mercenary organisation? |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2022/03/07/what-is-the-wagner-group-russias-mercenary-organisation |access-date=16 March 2022 |issn=0013-0613 |quote=“From a legal perspective, Wagner doesn't exist,” says Sorcha MacLeod |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202144401/https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2022/03/07/what-is-the-wagner-group-russias-mercenary-organisation |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[#Wagner Group|Wagner Group]]'' section<ref name="Wagner">{{cite news |last1=Elbagir |first1=Nima |last2=Mezzofiore |first2=Gianluca |last3=Qiblawi |first3=Tamara |title=Exclusive: Evidence emerges of Russia's Wagner arming militia leader battling Sudan's army |url=https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2023/04/20/africa/wagner-sudan-russia-libya-intl/index.html |access-date=20 April 2023 |work=CNN|date=20 April 2023 |quote=The Russian mercenary group Wagner has been supplying Sudan's Rapid Support Forces (RSF) with missiles to aid their fight against the country's army, Sudanese and regional diplomatic sources have told CNN. The sources said the surface-to-air missiles have significantly buttressed RSF paramilitary fighters and their leader Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo |archive-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420194129/https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2023/04/20/africa/wagner-sudan-russia-libya-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="WagnerNYT">{{cite news|last1=Schmitt|first1=Eric|last2=Wong|first2=Edward|title=United States Says Wagner Has Quietly Picked Sides in Sudan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/23/world/africa/sudan-russia-wagner-group.html|access-date=25 April 2023|work=The New York Times|date=23 April 2023|quote=Yevgeny Prigozhin, the founder of the notorious private military company Wagner, has offered weapons to the paramilitaries fighting for control of Sudan, according to American officials.|archive-date=24 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424184558/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/23/world/africa/sudan-russia-wagner-group.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="WagnerBBC">{{cite news |title=Wagner in Sudan: What have Russian mercenaries been up to? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65328165 |work=BBC News |date=24 April 2023 |quote=Its founder, Yevgeny Prighozin – who has close links to President Vladimir Putin – has said that "not a single Wagner PMC [private military company] fighter has been present in Sudan" for over two years. We've found no evidence that Russian mercenaries are currently inside the country. But there is evidence of Wagner's previous activities in Sudan... |access-date=2 May 2023 |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430235621/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65328165 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} (alleged, denied by RSF and Wagner)<ref name="WagnerBBC"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Sudan’s Rapid Support Force denies links to Wagner group |url=https://www.military.africa/2023/04/sudans-rapid-support-force-denies-links-to-wagner-group/ |work=Military Africa |date=22 April 2023 |access-date=2 May 2023 |archive-date=28 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428185500/https://www.military.africa/2023/04/sudans-rapid-support-force-denies-links-to-wagner-group/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
+| combatant1        = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Rapid Support Forces (Sudan).png}} [[Rapid Support Forces]]<br/>'''Supported by:'''<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of The Libyan National Army (Variant).svg}} [[Libyan National Army]]{{efn|<ref name=for1>{{cite news |last1=Faucon |first1=Benoit |last2=Said |first2=Summer |last3=Malsin |first3=Jared |title=Libyan Militia and Egypt's Military Back Opposite Sides in Sudan Conflict |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/libyan-militia-and-egypts-military-back-opposite-sides-in-sudan-conflict-87206c3b |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=19 April 2023 |quote="Mr. Haftar, who is backed by Russia and the United Arab Emirates, sent at least one shipment of ammunition on Monday (17 April) from Libya to Sudan to replenish supplies for Gen. Dagalo," the people familiar with the matter said.|archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419190701/https://www.wsj.com/articles/libyan-militia-and-egypts-military-back-opposite-sides-in-sudan-conflict-87206c3b |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="libya-ahram">{{cite news |title=Sudan's army chief says Haftar denies supporting RSF; no confirmation on Wagner Group's involvement |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/496267.aspx |work=[[Al-Ahram]] |date=22 April 2023}}</ref>}}<br/> <!-- DO NOT USE WAGNER FLAG, SEE IN LINE NOTE FOR MORE INFORMATION. --> [[Wagner Group]]{{efn|Wagner Group, self described as a private military company, is widely considered to be the de facto private army of the Russian government.<ref name="Faulkner 2022">{{cite journal |author-last=Faulkner |author-first=Christopher |date=June 2022 |url=https://ctc.westpoint.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/CTC-SENTINEL-062022.pdf |title=Undermining Democracy and Exploiting Clients: The Wagner Group's Nefarious Activities in Africa |url-status=live |editor1-last=Cruickshank |editor1-first=Paul |editor2-last=Hummel |editor2-first=Kristina |journal=[[CTC Sentinel]] |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=28–37 |publisher=[[Combating Terrorism Center]] |location=[[West Point, New York]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719173200/https://ctc.westpoint.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/CTC-SENTINEL-062022.pdf |archive-date=19 July 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="economistexplains">{{Cite news |title=What is the Wagner Group, Russia's mercenary organisation? |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2022/03/07/what-is-the-wagner-group-russias-mercenary-organisation |access-date=16 March 2022 |issn=0013-0613 |quote=“From a legal perspective, Wagner doesn't exist,” says Sorcha MacLeod |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202144401/https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2022/03/07/what-is-the-wagner-group-russias-mercenary-organisation |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[#Wagner Group|Wagner Group]]'' section<ref name="Wagner">{{cite news |last1=Elbagir |first1=Nima |last2=Mezzofiore |first2=Gianluca |last3=Qiblawi |first3=Tamara |title=Exclusive: Evidence emerges of Russia's Wagner arming militia leader battling Sudan's army |url=https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2023/04/20/africa/wagner-sudan-russia-libya-intl/index.html |access-date=20 April 2023 |work=CNN|date=20 April 2023 |quote=The Russian mercenary group Wagner has been supplying Sudan's Rapid Support Forces (RSF) with missiles to aid their fight against the country's army, Sudanese and regional diplomatic sources have told CNN. The sources said the surface-to-air missiles have significantly buttressed RSF paramilitary fighters and their leader Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo |archive-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420194129/https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2023/04/20/africa/wagner-sudan-russia-libya-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="WagnerNYT">{{cite news|last1=Schmitt|first1=Eric|last2=Wong|first2=Edward|title=United States Says Wagner Has Quietly Picked Sides in Sudan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/23/world/africa/sudan-russia-wagner-group.html|access-date=25 April 2023|work=The New York Times|date=23 April 2023|quote=Yevgeny Prigozhin, the founder of the notorious private military company Wagner, has offered weapons to the paramilitaries fighting for control of Sudan, according to American officials.|archive-date=24 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424184558/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/23/world/africa/sudan-russia-wagner-group.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="WagnerBBC">{{cite news |title=Wagner in Sudan: What have Russian mercenaries been up to? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65328165 |work=BBC News |date=24 April 2023 |quote=Its founder, Yevgeny Prighozin – who has close links to President Vladimir Putin – has said that "not a single Wagner PMC [private military company] fighter has been present in Sudan" for over two years. We've found no evidence that Russian mercenaries are currently inside the country. But there is evidence of Wagner's previous activities in Sudan... |access-date=2 May 2023 |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430235621/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65328165 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} (alleged, denied by RSF and Wagner)<ref name="WagnerBBC"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Sudan's Rapid Support Force denies links to Wagner group |url=https://www.military.africa/2023/04/sudans-rapid-support-force-denies-links-to-wagner-group/ |work=Military Africa |date=22 April 2023 |access-date=2 May 2023 |archive-date=28 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428185500/https://www.military.africa/2023/04/sudans-rapid-support-force-denies-links-to-wagner-group/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 | combatant2        = {{flagicon image|Insignia of the Sudanese Armed Forces.svg|border=}} [[Sudanese Armed Forces]]
 ----
-*[[Joint Darfur Force]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=SudanTribune |date=2023-05-24 |title=Rapid Support Forces ambush peace groups in West Darfur |url=https://sudantribune.com/article274055/ |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=Sudan Tribune |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
+*[[File:Joint Darfur Force Logo.jpg|20px]] [[Darfur Joint Protection Force]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=SudanTribune |date=2023-05-24 |title=Rapid Support Forces ambush peace groups in West Darfur |url=https://sudantribune.com/article274055/ |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=Sudan Tribune |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
-**[[Justice and Equality Movement]]
+** {{flagicon image|JEM Logo June 2013.jpg}} [[Justice and Equality Movement]]
-**[[Sudan Liberation Movement]]
+** {{flagicon image|Flag of SLM (Minnawi).svg}} [[Sudan Liberation Movement]]
-**[[Sudanese Alliance]]
+**[[Sudanese National Alliance]]
 **[[Gathering of Sudan Liberation Forces]]
+'''Supported by:'''<br/>{{flag|Ukraine}}<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/06/ukrainian-special-forces-sudan-russian-mercenaries-wagner</ref>
-| strength1         = 70,000–150,000
+| commander1        = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Rapid Support Forces (Sudan).png}} [[Abdelrahim Dagalo]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Rapid Support Forces (Sudan).png}} [[Abdel Rahman Jumma]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Rapid Support Forces (Sudan).png}} [[Ali Yaqoub Gibril]]{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Monitor |first1=Sudan War |title=Top RSF commander Ali Yagoub killed in El Fasher |url=https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/top-rsf-commander-ali-yagoub-killed |website=sudanwarmonitor.com |language=en}}</ref>
-| strength2         = 110,000–120,000
+| commander2        = {{flagicon image|JEM Logo June 2013.jpg}} [[Gibril Ibrahim]] (JEM){{sfn|McGregor|2023}}<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of SLM (Minnawi).svg}} [[Minni Minnawi]] (SLA-MM){{sfn|McGregor|2023}}<br>[[al-Tahir Hajar]] (GSLF){{sfn|McGregor|2023}}
+| strength1         =
+| strength2         =
 | casualties1       =
 | casualties2       =
-| casualties3       = 10,000+ Killed<ref>{{cite news |title=10,000 reported killed in one West Darfur city, as ethnic violence ravages Sudanese region |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/26/africa/sudan-west-darfur-thousands-killed-intl/index.html |access-date=12 August 2023 |agency=CNN |date=26 July 2023}}</ref>
+| casualties3       = 10,000+ killed<ref>{{cite news |title=10,000 reported killed in one West Darfur city, as ethnic violence ravages Sudanese region |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/26/africa/sudan-west-darfur-thousands-killed-intl/index.html |access-date=12 August 2023 |agency=CNN |date=26 July 2023}}</ref>
 | campaignbox       = {{Campaignbox Sudan internal conflicts}}
-| partof            = [[War in Sudan (2023)]]
+| partof            = [[Sudanese civil war (2023–present)]]
-| caption           = Situation in Darfur as of May 2023
+| caption           = Situation in Darfur as of March 2024
 }}
-{{Campaignbox 2023 Sudan conflict}}The '''Darfur campaign''' or '''Darfur offensive''' is a [[Theater (warfare)#Theatre of operation|theatre of operation]] in the 2023 [[War in Sudan (2023)|war in Sudan]] that affects five [[States of Sudan|states]] in [[Darfur]]: [[South Darfur]], [[East Darfur]], [[North Darfur]], [[Central Darfur]] and [[West Darfur]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-04-30 |title=Mass exodus from Sudan as deadly fighting enters third week |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230430-mass-exodus-from-sudan-as-deadly-fighting-enters-third-week |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=France 24 |language=en |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501030500/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230430-mass-exodus-from-sudan-as-deadly-fighting-enters-third-week |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Peltier |first=Elian |date=2023-04-29 |title=Sudan’s Conflict Ignites Fears of Civil War in Darfur |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/29/world/africa/sudan-darfur-war.html |access-date=2023-05-02 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=2 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502080635/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/29/world/africa/sudan-darfur-war.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The offensive mainly started on 15 April 2023 in West Darfur where the RSF forces captured Geneina, the conflict came after several days of high tensions between the forces and the government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bergman |first=Andrew |date=2023-04-17 |title=Deadly Sudan Army-RSF clashes spark human tragedy, widespread looting in Darfur |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/deadly-sudan-army-rsf-clashes-spark-human-tragedy-widespread-looting-in-darfur |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=Dabanga Radio TV Online |language=en-GB |archive-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426063658/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/deadly-sudan-army-rsf-clashes-spark-human-tragedy-widespread-looting-in-darfur |url-status=live }}</ref>
+{{Campaignbox 2023 Sudan conflict}}The '''Darfur campaign''' or '''Darfur offensive''' is a [[Theater (warfare)#Theatre of operation|theatre of operation]] in the [[War in Sudan (2023)|war in Sudan]] that affects five [[States of Sudan|states]] in [[Darfur]]: [[South Darfur]], [[East Darfur]], [[North Darfur]], [[Central Darfur]] and [[West Darfur]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-04-30 |title=Mass exodus from Sudan as deadly fighting enters third week |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230430-mass-exodus-from-sudan-as-deadly-fighting-enters-third-week |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=France 24 |language=en |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501030500/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230430-mass-exodus-from-sudan-as-deadly-fighting-enters-third-week |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Peltier |first=Elian |date=2023-04-29 |title=Sudan's Conflict Ignites Fears of Civil War in Darfur |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/29/world/africa/sudan-darfur-war.html |access-date=2023-05-02 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=2 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502080635/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/29/world/africa/sudan-darfur-war.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The offensive mainly started on 15 April 2023 in West Darfur where the [[Rapid Support Forces]] (RSF) forces captured Geneina, the conflict came after several days of high tensions between the forces and the government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bergman |first=Andrew |date=2023-04-17 |title=Deadly Sudan Army-RSF clashes spark human tragedy, widespread looting in Darfur |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/deadly-sudan-army-rsf-clashes-spark-human-tragedy-widespread-looting-in-darfur |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=Dabanga Radio TV Online |language=en-GB |archive-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426063658/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/deadly-sudan-army-rsf-clashes-spark-human-tragedy-widespread-looting-in-darfur |url-status=live }}</ref>
-The [[Battle of Geneina]] and the [[Battle of Nyala]] were the largest battles of the campaign, which all in total killed an hundreds of civilians and both ended up with a RSF victory between 20 April to 2 May 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bloodshed in Sudan’s Darfur as Hemeti’s allies and enemies vie for control |url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-darfur-bloodshed-hemeti-allies-enemies-control |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en |archive-date=2 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502233954/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-darfur-bloodshed-hemeti-allies-enemies-control |url-status=live }}</ref>
+The [[Battle of Geneina]] and the [[Battle of Nyala]] were the largest battles of the campaign, which all in total killed hundreds of civilians and both ended up with a RSF victory between 20 April to 2 May 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bloodshed in Sudan's Darfur as Hemeti's allies and enemies vie for control |url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-darfur-bloodshed-hemeti-allies-enemies-control |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en |archive-date=2 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502233954/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-darfur-bloodshed-hemeti-allies-enemies-control |url-status=live }}</ref>
-==Overview of War==
+==Overview of war==
-In the early hours of the morning of 15 April 2023, soldiers loyal to the [[Rapid Support Forces]] started a series of assaults on key buildings in Khartoum, primarily the [[Khartoum International Airport]]. While the international airport was captured by the RSF, street battles continued throughout Khartoum and the neighboring cities of [[Omdurman]] and [[Khartoum North|Bahri]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sudan unrest: RSF captures presidential palace as violence rages |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/482255-sudan-unrest-rsf-captures-presidential-palace-as-violence-rages |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416163354/https://www.geo.tv/latest/482255-sudan-unrest-rsf-captures-presidential-palace-as-violence-rages |archive-date=16 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=www.geo.tv |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-15 |title=Saudi airline says plane came under fire at Khartoum International Airport |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/saudi-national-carrier-says-aircraft-had-an-accident-khartoum-airport-2023-04-15/ |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416152124/https://www.reuters.com/world/saudi-national-carrier-says-aircraft-had-an-accident-khartoum-airport-2023-04-15/ |archive-date=16 April 2023}}</ref> The RSF also captured the presidential palace, the residence of the former Sudanese president [[Omar al-Bashir]], and attacked a military base.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sudan: Paramilitary group says it controls palace, Khartoum airport |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-739293 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416094024/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-739293 |archive-date=16 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-16 |website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-15 |title=Sudan's RSF say it seized presidential palace, Khartoum airport in apparent coup bid |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/04/15/Heavy-gunfire-heard-south-of-Sudan-s-capital-of-Khartoum |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416163353/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/04/15/Heavy-gunfire-heard-south-of-Sudan-s-capital-of-Khartoum |archive-date=16 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-16 |website=Al Arabiya English |language=en}}</ref> Users on [[Facebook Live]] and [[Twitter]] documented the [[Sudanese Air Force]] flying above the city, and striking the RSF targets.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-15 |title=Fighting between Sudan military rivals enters a second day, with dozens dead |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/15/africa/sudan-presidential-palace-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415200754/https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/15/africa/sudan-presidential-palace-intl/index.html |archive-date=15 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-16 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>
+In the early hours of the morning of 15 April 2023, soldiers loyal to the [[Rapid Support Forces]] started a series of assaults on key buildings in Khartoum, primarily the [[Khartoum International Airport]]. While the international airport was captured by the RSF, street battles continued throughout Khartoum and the neighboring cities of [[Omdurman]] and [[Khartoum North|Bahri]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sudan unrest: RSF captures presidential palace as violence rages |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/482255-sudan-unrest-rsf-captures-presidential-palace-as-violence-rages |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416163354/https://www.geo.tv/latest/482255-sudan-unrest-rsf-captures-presidential-palace-as-violence-rages |archive-date=16 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=www.geo.tv |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-15 |title=Saudi airline says plane came under fire at Khartoum International Airport |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/saudi-national-carrier-says-aircraft-had-an-accident-khartoum-airport-2023-04-15/ |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416152124/https://www.reuters.com/world/saudi-national-carrier-says-aircraft-had-an-accident-khartoum-airport-2023-04-15/ |archive-date=16 April 2023}}</ref> The RSF also captured the presidential palace, the residence of the former Sudanese president [[Omar al-Bashir]], and attacked a military base.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sudan: Paramilitary group says it controls palace, Khartoum airport |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-739293 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416094024/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-739293 |archive-date=16 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-16 |website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com |date=15 April 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-15 |title=Sudan's RSF say it seized presidential palace, Khartoum airport in apparent coup bid |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/04/15/Heavy-gunfire-heard-south-of-Sudan-s-capital-of-Khartoum |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416163353/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/04/15/Heavy-gunfire-heard-south-of-Sudan-s-capital-of-Khartoum |archive-date=16 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-16 |website=Al Arabiya English |language=en}}</ref> Users on [[Facebook Live]] and [[Twitter]] documented the [[Sudanese Air Force]] flying above the city, and striking the RSF targets.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-15 |title=Fighting between Sudan military rivals enters a second day, with dozens dead |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/15/africa/sudan-presidential-palace-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415200754/https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/15/africa/sudan-presidential-palace-intl/index.html |archive-date=15 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-16 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>
 ==Origin in Darfur==
 The [[List of conflicts in Sudan|history of conflicts in Sudan]] has consisted of foreign invasions and resistance, [[Ethnic hatred|ethnic tensions]], [[Religious violence|religious disputes]], and competition over resources.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sawant |first=Ankush B. |date=1998 |title=Ethnic Conflict in Sudan in Historical Perspective |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0020881798035003006 |url-status=live |journal=International Studies |language=en |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=343–363 |doi=10.1177/0020881798035003006 |issn=0020-8817 |s2cid=154750436 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416144235/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0020881798035003006 |archive-date=16 April 2023 |access-date=17 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fluehr-Lobban |first=Carolyn |date=1990 |title=Islamization in Sudan: A Critical Assessment |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4328193 |url-status=live |journal=Middle East Journal |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=610–623 |issn=0026-3141 |jstor=4328193 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227181754/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4328193 |archive-date=27 February 2023 |access-date=15 April 2023}}</ref> In its modern history, [[Sudanese Civil War (disambiguation)|two civil wars]] between the central government and the [[South Sudan|southern regions]] killed 1.5 million people, and a [[War in Darfur|continuing conflict]] in the western region of [[Darfur]] has displaced two million people and killed more than 200,000 people.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-17 |title=Sudan: The basics |language=en |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65285254 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415115739/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65285254 |archive-date=15 April 2023}}</ref> Since [[Sudan independence|independence]] in 1956, Sudan has had more than fifteen military coups<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fabricius |first=Peter |date=31 July 2020 |title=Sudan, a coup laboratory |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/sudan-a-coup-laboratory |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417070705/https://issafrica.org/iss-today/sudan-a-coup-laboratory |archive-date=17 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-17 |website=[[Institute for Security Studies]] |language=en}}</ref> and it has also been ruled by the military for the majority of the republic's existence, with only brief periods of democratic civilian parliamentary rule.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Biajo |first=Nabeel |date=22 October 2022 |title=Military Rule No Longer Viable in Sudan: Analyst |url=https://www.voaafrica.com/a/sudan-october-revolution/6799915.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417070705/https://www.voaafrica.com/a/sudan-october-revolution/6799915.html |archive-date=17 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-17 |website=[[Voice of America|VOA Africa]] |language=en}}</ref>
-Former president and military strongman [[Omar al-Bashir]] presided over the [[War in Darfur]], a region in the west of the country, and oversaw state-sponsored violence in the region of Darfur, leading to charges of [[War crime|war crimes]] and [[Darfur genocide|genocide]].<ref name="Abdelaziz-2023">{{Cite news |last1=Abdelaziz |first1=Khalid |last2=Eltahir |first2=Nafisa |last3=Eltahir |first3=Nafisa |date=15 April 2023 |title=Sudan's army chief, paramilitary head ready to de-escalate tensions, mediators say |publisher=Reuters |editor-last=MacSwan |editor-first=Angus |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudanese-politicians-blame-bashir-loyalists-discord-2023-04-14/ |url-status=live |url-access=registration |access-date=2023-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415191940/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudanese-politicians-blame-bashir-loyalists-discord-2023-04-14/ |archive-date=15 April 2023}}</ref> Approximately 300,000 people were killed and 2.7 million forcibly displaced in the early part of the Darfur conflict; the intensity of the violence later declined.<ref name="PathtoPower">Samy Magdy & Joseph Krauss, [https://apnews.com/article/b5eba878a74445eb90febe4ec9231917 Sudanese general's path to power ran through Darfur] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426213242/https://apnews.com/article/b5eba878a74445eb90febe4ec9231917 |date=26 April 2023 }}, Associated Press (May 20, 2019).</ref> Key figures in the Darfur conflict included [[Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo|Mohamed Hamdan "Hemedti" Dagalo]], a warlord<ref name="AtStakeRegion">{{Cite news |last=Fulton |first=Adam |last2=Holmes |first2=Oliver |date=2023-04-25 |title=Sudan conflict: why is there fighting and what is at stake in the region? |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/25/sudan-conflict-why-is-there-fighting-what-is-happening |access-date=2023-04-26 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=3 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503000543/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/27/sudan-conflict-why-is-there-fighting-what-is-at-stake |url-status=live }}</ref> who commanded the [[Rapid Support Forces]] (RSF) which evolved from the [[janjaweed]], a collection of [[Arab people|Arab]] militias drawn from camel-trading tribes active in Darfur and portions of [[Chad]].<ref name="FearedForce">[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/16/who-is-hemedti-the-puppeteer-behind-sudans-feared-rsf-fighters Who is 'Hemedti', general behind Sudan's feared RSF force?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427222622/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/16/who-is-hemedti-the-puppeteer-behind-sudans-feared-rsf-fighters |date=27 April 2023 }}, Al Jazeera (April 16, 2023).</ref>
+Former president and military strongman [[Omar al-Bashir]] presided over the [[War in Darfur]], a region in the west of the country, and oversaw state-sponsored violence in the region of Darfur, leading to charges of [[War crime|war crimes]] and [[Darfur genocide|genocide]].<ref name="Abdelaziz-2023">{{Cite news |last1=Abdelaziz |first1=Khalid |last2=Eltahir |first2=Nafisa |last3=Eltahir |first3=Nafisa |date=15 April 2023 |title=Sudan's army chief, paramilitary head ready to de-escalate tensions, mediators say |publisher=Reuters |editor-last=MacSwan |editor-first=Angus |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudanese-politicians-blame-bashir-loyalists-discord-2023-04-14/ |url-status=live |url-access=registration |access-date=2023-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415191940/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudanese-politicians-blame-bashir-loyalists-discord-2023-04-14/ |archive-date=15 April 2023}}</ref> Approximately 300,000 people were killed and 2.7 million forcibly displaced in the early part of the Darfur conflict; the intensity of the violence later declined.<ref name="PathtoPower">Samy Magdy & Joseph Krauss, [https://apnews.com/article/b5eba878a74445eb90febe4ec9231917 Sudanese general's path to power ran through Darfur] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426213242/https://apnews.com/article/b5eba878a74445eb90febe4ec9231917 |date=26 April 2023 }}, Associated Press (May 20, 2019).</ref> Key figures in the Darfur conflict included [[Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo|Mohamed Hamdan "Hemedti" Dagalo]], a warlord<ref name="AtStakeRegion">{{Cite news |last1=Fulton |first1=Adam |last2=Holmes |first2=Oliver |date=2023-04-25 |title=Sudan conflict: why is there fighting and what is at stake in the region? |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/25/sudan-conflict-why-is-there-fighting-what-is-happening |access-date=2023-04-26 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=3 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503000543/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/27/sudan-conflict-why-is-there-fighting-what-is-at-stake |url-status=live }}</ref> who commanded the [[Rapid Support Forces]] (RSF) which evolved from the [[janjaweed]], a collection of [[Arab people|Arab]] militias drawn from camel-trading tribes active in Darfur and portions of [[Chad]].<ref name="FearedForce">[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/16/who-is-hemedti-the-puppeteer-behind-sudans-feared-rsf-fighters Who is 'Hemedti', general behind Sudan's feared RSF force?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427222622/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/16/who-is-hemedti-the-puppeteer-behind-sudans-feared-rsf-fighters |date=27 April 2023 }}, Al Jazeera (April 16, 2023).</ref>
+==Campaign==
-==Offensive battles==
+{{further|Battle of Geneina|Battle of Nyala}}
-===Geneina===
-{{Main articles|Battle of Geneina}}
-On 15 April 2023, Geneina, the capital of West Darfur. Was captured and occupied by RSF forces, with little resistance, except at [[Geneina Airport]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Badshah |first=Nadeem |last2=Abdul |first2=Geneva |last3=Mackay |first3=Hamish |last4=Badshah (now) |first4=Nadeem |last5=Mackay (earlier) |first5=Hamish |date=2023-04-15 |title=Sudanese air force urges people to stay indoors as doctors union says at least 25 dead – as it happened |language=en-GB |work=the Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2023/apr/15/sudan-fighting-khartoum-latest-news-updates |access-date=2023-05-02 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418104709/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2023/apr/15/sudan-fighting-khartoum-latest-news-updates |url-status=live }}</ref> The occupation of the city lasted until 25 April 2023, when a battle for the city resumed and was reportedly 'deadly'. By the end of the battle, over 200 people had been confirmed to be killed, with the number estimated to be much higher between soldiers and civilians. On 27 April 2023, a video was posted of an RSF soldier in front of the Geneina Police Headquarters with a gun, confirming it's capture by the RSF.<ref>{{Cite news |title=RSF soldier in front of police HQ in Sudan's West Darfur |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-65409343 |access-date=2023-05-02 |archive-date=29 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429032609/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-65409343 |url-status=live }}</ref> The battle ended on 2 May 2023 when Geneina was confirmed to be captured by RSF forces, with RSF also recapturing several areas of the province.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nashed |first=Mat |title=Shifting alliances in Sudan’s Darfur as new civil war fears rise |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/27/shifting-alliances-in-sudans-darfur-as-new-civil-war-fears-rise |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430195129/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/27/shifting-alliances-in-sudans-darfur-as-new-civil-war-fears-rise |url-status=live }}</ref>
+On 15 April 2023, [[Geneina]], the capital of West Darfur, was [[Battle of Geneina|largely captured and occupied]] by RSF forces, with little resistance, except at [[Geneina Airport]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Badshah |first1=Nadeem |last2=Abdul |first2=Geneva |last3=Mackay |first3=Hamish |last4=Badshah (now) |first4=Nadeem |last5=Mackay (earlier) |first5=Hamish |date=2023-04-15 |title=Sudanese air force urges people to stay indoors as doctors union says at least 25 dead – as it happened |language=en-GB |work=the Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2023/apr/15/sudan-fighting-khartoum-latest-news-updates |access-date=2023-05-02 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418104709/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2023/apr/15/sudan-fighting-khartoum-latest-news-updates |url-status=live }}</ref> The occupation of the city lasted until 25 April 2023, when a battle for the city resumed and was reportedly 'deadly'. By the end of the battle, over 200 people had been confirmed to be killed, with the number estimated to be much higher between soldiers and civilians.<ref>{{Cite news |title=RSF soldier in front of police HQ in Sudan's West Darfur |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-65409343 |access-date=2023-05-02 |archive-date=29 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429032609/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-65409343 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 2 May, Geneina was mostly captured by RSF, while the group also kept advancing in several other areas of the province.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nashed |first=Mat |title=Shifting alliances in Sudan's Darfur as new civil war fears rise |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/27/shifting-alliances-in-sudans-darfur-as-new-civil-war-fears-rise |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430195129/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/27/shifting-alliances-in-sudans-darfur-as-new-civil-war-fears-rise |url-status=live }}</ref>
+The RSF quickly began to enlist Darfur's Arab tribes to expand its ranks and gain the upper hand in the area. Together, the RSF and its allies quickly overran large parts and Darfur, and began to expel or outright massacre non-Arabs. According to security analyst Andrew McGregor, the RSF operations in Darfur appeared to aim at "ethnically cleans[ing] the region of its indigenous Black population".{{sfn|McGregor|2023}} In response, several non-Arab militias and ex-rebel groups in Darfur allied with the SAF to defend their holdings. Five major armed groups formed the [[Darfur Joint Protection Force]]; the alliance included the [[Justice and Equality Movement]] (JEM) under [[Gibril Ibrahim]], the [[Sudan Liberation Army]] faction (SLA-MM) of Darfur Governor [[Minni Minawi]], and the [[Gathering of Sudan Liberation Forces]] under [[al-Tahir Hajar]]. However, the cooperation between the SAF and the Joint Protection Force remained difficult, as both sides distrusted each other. Several member groups of the Joint Protection Force experienced internal divisions over the alliance with the SAF, with some factions leaving their respective groups to stay neutral or even side with the RSF.{{sfn|McGregor|2023}}
-===Nyala===
-{{Main articles|Battle of Nyala}}
-Fighting broke out in Nyala on April 15. The RSF initially captured the city's airport, and fierce clashes took place in the Sudanese Army's 16th division headquarters nearby. As clashes spread into the city, RSF and unknown armed men ransacked businesses, administrative buildings, and NGO offices. Civilians brokered a ceasefire on April 20. There are sporadic clashes until August 8, and the RSF begin an offensive August 11.
+On 26 October, the RSF [[Battle of Nyala|captured Nyala]], Sudan's second-largest city and South Darfur's capital, after a long siege. As the city had served as a major military center, this was a major victory for the RSF. Soon after, the RSF also [[Siege of Zalingei|overran Zalingei]], capital of Central Darfur, after the local SAF garrison had fled. The center of West Darfur, Geneina, was fully conquered by the RSF on 4 November. In course of and after the battle for Geneina, the RSF and its allies subsequently massacred many civilians. The fall of Geneina caused many SAF garrisons in Darfur to also abandon their posts and desert or flee to [[Chad]]. Meanwhile, the RSF and its allies laid [[Battle of El Fasher|siege to]] [[al-Fashir]], the capital of the entire Darfur region. At al-Fashir, the SAF-Joint Protection Force garrison received support by another rebel group, the Sudan Liberation Army's al-Nur faction (SLA-AW).{{sfn|McGregor|2023}}
-===Kabkabiya===
-One day after the confli.ct started, Kabkabiya was quickly captured by the 21st Brigade of RSF after intense clashes in the district, causing an unknown number of casualties.<ref name=":0" />The leader of RSF announced on TV the capture of the district.
+By mid-December 2023, McGregor assessed that the RSF was nearing victory in the conflict over Darfur, controlling four of the region's five states. Al-Fashir still remained under control of the Joint Protection Force, but it was no longer receiving supplies from the SAF-held areas in central Sudan, causing food, fuel, and medicines shortages. Meanwhile, SAF control was also collapsing in other parts of Sudan, making any additional support for the Darfuri holdouts more unlikely.{{sfn|McGregor|2023}}
+By May 2024, al-Fashir had become the last stronghold of the Sudanese government in Darfur. The city remained besieged by the RSF which had begun to launch raids into the settlement.<ref>{{cite news |title=At least 47 killed in Sudan army's last Darfur stronghold el-Fasher |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/25/at-least-47-killed-in-sudan-armys-last-stronghold-el-fasher |work=al-Jazeera |date=22 April 2023 |access-date=26 May 2024  }}</ref>
+== Foreign role in the campaign ==
+It has been alleged that the RSF has received foreign support in Darfur, most notably at the hands of the [[United Arab Emirates]] and the [[Wagner Group]]. Darfur Governor Minni Minawi also accused the Chadian government of allowing the passage of arms and mercenaries to the RSF. Conversely, Chadian officers of [[Zaghawa people|Zaghawa ethnicity]] allegedly aid the Darfur Joint Protection Force, as several of its member groups are recruited from Sudanese Zaghawa.{{sfn|McGregor|2023}}
 ==Notes==
@@ Line 71: / Line 77: @@
 {{reflist}}
+===Works cited ===
-{{2023 Sudan conflict}}
+* {{Cite journal |url = https://jamestown.org/program/assessing-the-war-in-sudan-is-an-rsf-victory-in-sight/ |title = Assessing the War in Sudan: Is an RSF Victory in Sight? |last = McGregor |first = Andrew |date = December 2023 |journal = Terrorism Monitor |publisher = [[Jamestown Foundation]] |issue = 24 |volume = 21 }}
+{{Sudanese civil war (2023–present)}}
-[[Category:Battles of the war in Sudan (2023)]]
+[[Category:Military operations of the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)]]
 [[Category:April 2023 events in Sudan]]
 [[Category:May 2023 events in Sudan]]
-[[Category:Battles in 2023]]
+[[Category:2020s in Sudan]]
-[[Category:Battles involving Sudan]]
+[[Category:Military campaigns]]
-[[Category:West Darfur]]
+[[Category:History of Darfur]]
-[[Category:Darfur]]

v t e Sudanese civil war (2023–present)
Belligerents	RSF Hemedti SAF al-Burhan SPLM-N (al-Hilu faction) Abdelaziz al-Hilu SLM (Tambour faction) Mustafa Tambour Popular Resistance PDF Al-Bara' ibn Malik Battalion AWB Darfur Joint Protection Force Tamazuj Taqaddum
Battles	Khartoum Khartoum Airport Darfur campaign Geneina Nyala El Fasher UNSC Resolution 2736 Zalingei Kutum Kabkabiya El Obeid Kadugli Merowe Airport Wad Madani Babanusa Sennar Dinder Dilling
War crimes	May 2023 Mayo shelling Masalit massacres Misterei massacre Ardamata massacre Kutum Hospital airstrike Wad Al-Noora massacre Galgani massacre October 2024 civilian airstrikes 2024 eastern Gezira State massacres
Humanitarian crisis	Famine Zamzam camp Refugee crisis Forced deportation of Eritreans Evacuation of foreign nationals France [fr] India Germany Local humanitarian groups ERRs SDU
Damaged infrastructure	Chevrelet Shambat Bridge Sudan Central Bank Aircraft at Khartoum airport NTC Tower Laboratory crisis
Related	Timeline 2023 2024 Attempted assassination of al-Burhan Treaty of Jeddah (2023) 2023 Foro Baranga clashes Sudanese transition to democracy (2019–2021)
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