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{{Short description|Former British toy company}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = Palitoy
| name = Palitoy
| logo = [[File:Palitoy logo early 80s.png|200px]]
| logo = Palitoy logo early 80s.png
| logo_size = 200px
| caption =
| caption =
| type =
| type =
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| foundation = {{Start date|df=yes|1909}}<!-- (year taken from article --> ''(as Cascelloid Company)''
| foundation = {{Start date|df=yes|1909}}<!-- (year taken from article --> ''(as Cascelloid Company)''
| founder =
| founder =
| defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| defunct = 1994 in the [[United Kingdom]]<br />
| location_city =
| location_city =
| location_country =
| location_country =
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| intl =
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}}
}}
'''Palitoy''' was a British [[toy]] company. It manufactured some of the most popular toys in Britain, some original items and others under licence. Its products included [[Action Man]], [[Action Force]], [[Tiny Tears]], [[Pippa (doll)|Pippa]], [[Tressy]], [[Merlin (game)|Merlin]], [[Star Wars figures]] and the [[Care Bears]].
'''Palitoy''' was a British [[toy]] company. It manufactured some of the most popular toys in Britain, some original items and others under licence. Its products included [[Action Man]], Action Girl, [[Action Force]], [[Tiny Tears]], [[Pippa (doll)|Pippa]], [[Tressy]], Mainline Model Railways, [[Merlin (game)|Merlin]], [[Star Wars figures]], [[Play-Doh]] and the [[Care Bears]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-34196426|title=Star Wars and Action Man|publisher=BBC News|author=Jennifer Harby|language=English|date=9 August 2015|accessdate=9 August 2023}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
The '''Cascelloid Company''' was founded by Alfred Edward Pallett in [[Coalville]], [[Leicestershire]] in 1909 to produce [[celluloid]] and fancy goods. Their first toy was in 1920 and the first [[doll]] in 1925.
The '''Cascelloid Company''' was founded by Alfred Edward Pallett in [[Coalville]], [[Leicestershire]] in 1919<ref >V&A Museum of Childhood website</ref>{{better source needed|date=December 2022}} to produce [[celluloid]] and [[fancy goods]]. Their first toy was in 1920 and the first [[doll]] in 1925.


Cascelloid was bought in 1931 by British Xylonite and the word "Palitoy" was created as a trademark in 1935 for their toy division. [[Injection moulding]] was developed by British Xylonite in 1941 and was used for the Palitoy toy ranges.
Cascelloid was bought in 1931 by [[British Xylonite]] and the word "Palitoy" was created as a trademark in 1935 for their toy division. [[Injection moulding]] was developed by British Xylonite in 1941 and was used for the Palitoy toy ranges.
In 1978 the [[Chad Valley]] toy company was sold to Palitoy.


In 1978, the [[Chad Valley (toy brand)|Chad Valley toys]] company was sold to Palitoy.<ref name=CVHistory>{{cite web|title=The History of Chad Valley|url=http://www.choosevalley.co.uk/#history|website=Choose Valley|accessdate=3 December 2018}}</ref>
⚫
Palitoy was sold to US food company [[General Mills]] in 1968, and formed part of the company's toy division, sometimes known as CPG (Creative Products Group).


⚫
Palitoy was sold to US food company [[General Mills]] in 1968, and formed part of the company's toy division, sometimes known as CPG Products Corp (Creative Products Group Products Corp).
⚫
In 1981 British toy group [[Airfix]] Products fell into receivership. Palitoy's owner [[General Mills]] acquired the [[Airfix]] kit range and its GMR model railways range. [[General Mills]] also snapped up UK rights to [[Meccano]]. Back in 1971 it had acquired non-UK rights when it bought Miro-Meccano in France from the receivers of another British toy group, [[Tri-ang]].


⚫
In 1981, British toy group [[Airfix]] Products fell into receivership. Palitoy's owner General Mills acquired the Airfix kit range and its Great Model Railways (GMR) range. General Mills also snapped up UK rights to [[Meccano]]. Back in 1971, it had acquired non-UK rights when it bought Meccano in France from the receivers of another British toy group, [[Tri-ang]].
⚫
Palitoy effectively ceased to be an independent business in 1984 when its parent company, CPG, part of [[General Mills]], closed its entire design department leaving it effectively just a sales and marketing operation.<ref>http://www.museumofchildhood.org.uk/collections/archives/the-palitoy-archive/ at the Museum of Childhood</ref>

⚫
1 May 1985 also saw the end of most manufacturing at Palitoy with 327 staff in manufacturing and distribution out of 585 made redundant and manufacturing shifted overseas.<ref>Dow Jones News Service, 1 May 1985: UK Unit of General Mills to end some operations</ref>
⚫
Palitoy effectively ceased to be an independent business in 1984 when its parent company, CPG, part of General Mills, closed its entire design department leaving it effectively just a sales and marketing operation.<ref name="VAM">{{cite news|url=https://www.vam.ac.uk/moc/the-palitoy-archive/|title=
The Palitoy Archive|work=[[Victoria and Albert Museum]]|accessdate=3 December 2018}}</ref>

In January 1985, General Mills announced it would be quitting the toy business. In the US, its toy business was split into three distinct companies: [[Kenner]] (focused on toys), [[Parker Brothers]] (focused on games) and Fun Dimensions (focused on crafts, model kits [[Model Products Corporation|MPC]] and model trains [[Lionel Corporation|Lionel]]). General Mills made the decision to merge Kenner and Parker into one entity and to sell off Fun Dimensions. This decision impacted Palitoy which adopted the Kenner Parker name and withdrew from the model and craft sector to help form one uniform global toy and games company. It sold the Airfix business to [[Humbrol]] and a large part of Mainline Railways to [[Dapol]].

⚫
On 1 May 1985, most of the work at Palitoy ended with 327 staff in manufacturing and distribution out of 585 made redundant and manufacturing shifted overseas.<ref>Dow Jones News Service, 1 May 1985: UK Unit of General Mills to end some operations</ref>


The restructure was undertaken in advance of the spin-off of General Mills' toy division CPG, separated from its parent in 1985 as Kenner Parker Toys, Inc. There were many potential acquirers of the business but the subsidiary was floated on the stock exchange with General Mills' shareholders getting equivalent shares in Kenner Parker. This was more tax efficient for General Mills.<ref>Ward, Arthur(2009), The Boys' Book of Airfix London: Ebury Press (Ebury Publishing).</ref>
The restructure was undertaken in advance of the spin-off of General Mills' toy division CPG, separated from its parent in 1985 as Kenner Parker Toys, Inc. There were many potential acquirers of the business but the subsidiary was floated on the stock exchange with General Mills' shareholders getting equivalent shares in Kenner Parker. This was more tax efficient for General Mills.<ref>Ward, Arthur(2009), The Boys' Book of Airfix London: Ebury Press (Ebury Publishing).</ref>


⚫
In 1987, [[Tonka]] purchased Kenner Parker including Palitoy for $555 million, borrowing extensively to fund the acquisition. However, the cost of servicing the debt meant Tonka itself had to find a buyer and it was eventually acquired by [[Hasbro]] in 1991.<ref>Wojahn, Ellen (2003) Playing by Different Rules: The General Mills/Parker Brothers Merger" New York: Beard Books</ref>
Once independent, Kenner Parker's strategy was to withdraw from the modelling market. As a consequence, Palitoy sold [[Airfix]] to [[Humbrol]] in 1986<ref>[[Airfix]]</ref> and ceased its Mainline railways business.


Hasbro closed the former Palitoy site in 1994<ref name="VAM" /> with manufacture of the last product made there, [[Play-Doh]], being transferred to Hasbro's Irish factory. In 2016 fans of the popular Palitoy Action Man toy gathered to celebrate his 50th birthday at the site,<ref name=50years>{{cite news|title=Action Man convention at Palitoy factory|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-38196966|work=[[BBC]]|date=4 December 2016 |accessdate=3 December 2018}}</ref> and in the following year Palitoy was honoured with a green plaque for helping "stoke children's imaginations" by Leicestershire County Council at Coalville Business Park, which now stands on the site of the former factory.<ref name=greenplaque>{{cite news|title=Palitoy: Action Man's home set for green plaque honour|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-41831545|work=[[BBC]]|date=2 November 2017 |accessdate=3 December 2018}}</ref>
⚫
In 1987 [[Tonka]] purchased Kenner Parker including Palitoy for $555 million, borrowing extensively to fund the acquisition. However, the cost of servicing the debt meant Tonka itself had to find a buyer and it was eventually acquired by [[Hasbro]] in 1991.<ref>Wojahn, Ellen (2003) Playing by Different Rules: The General Mills/Parker Brothers Merger" New York: Beard Books</ref>


==Partial toy list==
[[Hasbro]] closed the former Palitoy site in 1994 with production of the last product made there, [[Play-Doh]], being transferred to Hasbro's Irish factory.<ref>http://www.museumofchildhood.org.uk/collections/british-toy-making-project/toy-manufacturers/palitoy</ref> The 10-acre site was put on the market in July 1996 for a price of £1.25m with outline planning permission for housing.<ref>Property Week 5 July 1996: Action man goes green as factory sold.</ref>
* [[Action Force]]
* [[Revocopter]]
* [[Action Man]]
* [[Play-Doh]]
* [[Star Wars]]
* [[Tressy]]
* [[Blythe (doll)|Blythe]]
* [[Doctor Who]]


==References==
==References==
⚫
{{Portal|1980s|1990s}}
<references/>
{{Reflist}}
⚫
{{Portal|1970s|1980s|1990s}}
* [http://www.vam.ac.uk/moc/collections/toys/manufacturers/britain/index.html V & A Museum of Childhood]
* The Dinky Toys Encyclopaedia by Jacques Dujardin. ISBN 978-2-7466-3115-1
* Factory of dreams a history of Meccano Ltd. by Kenneth D. Brown. ISBN 978-1-905472-08-6


[[Category:Toy companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Toy companies of the United Kingdom]]

Latest revision as of 02:02, 5 October 2024

Palitoy
IndustryToys
Founded1909 (1909) (as Cascelloid Company)
Defunct1994 in the United Kingdom

Palitoy was a British toy company. It manufactured some of the most popular toys in Britain, some original items and others under licence. Its products included Action Man, Action Girl, Action Force, Tiny Tears, Pippa, Tressy, Mainline Model Railways, Merlin, Star Wars figures, Play-Doh and the Care Bears.[1]

History

[edit]

The Cascelloid Company was founded by Alfred Edward Pallett in Coalville, Leicestershire in 1919[2][better source needed] to produce celluloid and fancy goods. Their first toy was in 1920 and the first doll in 1925.

Cascelloid was bought in 1931 by British Xylonite and the word "Palitoy" was created as a trademark in 1935 for their toy division. Injection moulding was developed by British Xylonite in 1941 and was used for the Palitoy toy ranges.

In 1978, the Chad Valley toys company was sold to Palitoy.[3]

Palitoy was sold to US food company General Mills in 1968, and formed part of the company's toy division, sometimes known as CPG Products Corp (Creative Products Group Products Corp).

In 1981, British toy group Airfix Products fell into receivership. Palitoy's owner General Mills acquired the Airfix kit range and its Great Model Railways (GMR) range. General Mills also snapped up UK rights to Meccano. Back in 1971, it had acquired non-UK rights when it bought Meccano in France from the receivers of another British toy group, Tri-ang.

Palitoy effectively ceased to be an independent business in 1984 when its parent company, CPG, part of General Mills, closed its entire design department leaving it effectively just a sales and marketing operation.[4]

In January 1985, General Mills announced it would be quitting the toy business. In the US, its toy business was split into three distinct companies: Kenner (focused on toys), Parker Brothers (focused on games) and Fun Dimensions (focused on crafts, model kits MPC and model trains Lionel). General Mills made the decision to merge Kenner and Parker into one entity and to sell off Fun Dimensions. This decision impacted Palitoy which adopted the Kenner Parker name and withdrew from the model and craft sector to help form one uniform global toy and games company. It sold the Airfix business to Humbrol and a large part of Mainline Railways to Dapol.

On 1 May 1985, most of the work at Palitoy ended with 327 staff in manufacturing and distribution out of 585 made redundant and manufacturing shifted overseas.[5]

The restructure was undertaken in advance of the spin-off of General Mills' toy division CPG, separated from its parent in 1985 as Kenner Parker Toys, Inc. There were many potential acquirers of the business but the subsidiary was floated on the stock exchange with General Mills' shareholders getting equivalent shares in Kenner Parker. This was more tax efficient for General Mills.[6]

In 1987, Tonka purchased Kenner Parker including Palitoy for $555 million, borrowing extensively to fund the acquisition. However, the cost of servicing the debt meant Tonka itself had to find a buyer and it was eventually acquired by Hasbro in 1991.[7]

Hasbro closed the former Palitoy site in 1994[4] with manufacture of the last product made there, Play-Doh, being transferred to Hasbro's Irish factory. In 2016 fans of the popular Palitoy Action Man toy gathered to celebrate his 50th birthday at the site,[8] and in the following year Palitoy was honoured with a green plaque for helping "stoke children's imaginations" by Leicestershire County Council at Coalville Business Park, which now stands on the site of the former factory.[9]

Partial toy list

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Jennifer Harby (9 August 2015). "Star Wars and Action Man". BBC News. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  2. ^ V&A Museum of Childhood website
  3. ^ "The History of Chad Valley". Choose Valley. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
  4. ^ a b "The Palitoy Archive". Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
  5. ^ Dow Jones News Service, 1 May 1985: UK Unit of General Mills to end some operations
  6. ^ Ward, Arthur(2009), The Boys' Book of Airfix London: Ebury Press (Ebury Publishing).
  7. ^ Wojahn, Ellen (2003) Playing by Different Rules: The General Mills/Parker Brothers Merger" New York: Beard Books
  8. ^ "Action Man convention at Palitoy factory". BBC. 4 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
  9. ^ "Palitoy: Action Man's home set for green plaque honour". BBC. 2 November 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
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