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Revision as of 13:53, 23 September 2022
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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Russia.
The Russian Federation, commonly known as Russia, is the most extensive country in the world, covering 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), more than an eighth of the Earth's land area.[1] Russia is a transcontinental country extending across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe; it spans 11 time zones and incorporates a great range of environments and landforms. With 143 million people, Russia is the ninth most populated country. Russia has the world's largest mineral and energy resources, has the world's largest forest reserves, and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the Earth's fresh liquid water.
General reference
- Pronunciation: /ˈrʌʃə/
- Common English country name: Russia
- Official English country name: The Russian Federation
- Common endonym(s): Россия (Rossiya)
- Official endonym(s): Российская Федерация (Rossiyskaya Federatsiya)
- Adjectival(s): Russian
- Demonym(s):
- Etymology: Name of Russia
- International rankings of Russia
- ISO country codes: RU, RUS, 643
- ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:RU
- Internet country code top-level domain: .ru, .su and .рф
Geography of Russia
- Russia is: a country
- Location: transcontinental (lies in both Europe and Asia)
- Eastern Hemisphere
- Northern Hemisphere
- Time zones:
- Extreme points of Russia
- High: Mount Elbrus 5,642 m (18,510 ft) – highest point in Europe
- Low: Caspian Sea −28 m (−92 ft) – lowest point in Europe
- Land boundaries: 20,242 km[2]
Kazakhstan 6,846 km
China 3,645 km
Mongolia 3,441 km
Ukraine 1,576 km
Finland 1,313 km
Belarus 959 km
Georgia 723 km, including:
Abkhazia 255 km[2]
South Ossetia 70 km[2]
Poland 432 km
Latvia 292 km
Estonia 290 km
Azerbaijan 284 km
Lithuania 227 km
Norway 196 km
North Korea 18 km
- Coastline: 37,653 km[3]
- Population of Russia: 142,942,000 people (2010 census) – 8th most populous country
- Area of Russia: 17,075,400 km2 (6,592,800 sq mi) – 1st largest country
- Atlas of Russia
Mercator projection distorts Russia's appearance from crescent-like shape (as seen on a globe) into a fish-like or bear-like outline; also making the uninhabited area of Russia (e.g. food-less cold tundra and taiga) look 3-4 times bigger than it already is.
Environment of Russia
- Climate of Russia
- Environmental issues in Russia
- Ecoregions in Russia
- Renewable energy in Russia
- Geology of Russia
- National Parks of Russia
- Nature Reserves ("Zapovedniks") in Russia
- Ramsar Wetlands in Russia
- Protected areas of Russia
- Wildlife of Russia
Geographic features of Russia
- Fjords in Russia
- Glaciers of Russia
- Islands of Russia
- Lakes of Russia
- Caspian Sea (lake with 1.3% salinity, about a third the salinity of seawater. Compare with Great Salt Lake.)
- Mountains of Russia
- Plains of Russia
- Rivers of Russia
- Valleys of Russia
- World Heritage Sites in Russia
Regions of Russia
Ecoregions of Russia
Subdivisions of Russia
Republics of Russia
Oblasts of Russia
|
1. Amur Oblast |
11. Kaluga Oblast |
21. Murmansk Oblast |
31. Ryazan Oblast |
41. Tyumen Oblast |
Krais of Russia
Autonomous oblasts of Russia
Russia has one autonomous oblast (autonomous province), the Jewish Autonomous Oblast (shaded dark blue).
Autonomous okrugs of Russia
|
1. Chukotka Autonomous Okrug |
Federal cities of Russia
Municipalities of Russia
Demographics of Russia
Government and politics of Russia
Russia has made its choice in favor of democracy. Fourteen years ago, independently, without any pressure from outside, it made that decision in the interests of itself and interests of its people — of its citizens. This is our final choice, and we have no way back. There can be no return to what we used to have before. And the guarantee for this is the choice of the Russian people, themselves. No, guarantees from outside cannot be provided. This is impossible. It would be impossible for Russia today. Any kind of turn towards totalitarianism for Russia would be impossible, due to the condition of the Russian society.
Vladimir Putin, statement in press release, Office of the White House Press Secretary, United States (February 24, 2005). "President and President Putin Discuss Strong U.S.-Russian Partnership"
- Form of government: federal semi-presidential republic
- Capital of Russia: Moscow
- Anarchism in Russia
- The Development of Capitalism in Russia
- Controversy in Russia regarding the legitimacy of eastward NATO expansion
- Elections in Russia
- Opposition to Vladimir Putin in Russia
- Organisations banned in Russia
- Political parties in Russia
- Taxation in Russia
Branches of the government of Russia
Executive branch of the government of Russia
- Head of state: President of Russia, Vladimir Putin
- State Council of the Russian Federation (advisory board to the Head of State)
- Presidential Administration of Russia (President's support staff)
- Head of government: Prime Minister of Russia, Mikhail Mishustin
- Public Chamber of Russia
- 17 Ministries
- 7 Federal Services
- 30+ Federal Agencies
Legislative branch of the government of Russia
Judicial branch of the government of Russia
Foreign relations of Russia
- Diplomatic missions of Russia
- Diplomatic missions in Russia
- International counter-terrorism operations of Russia
International organization membership
The Russian Federation is a member of:[1]
- Arctic Council
- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (dialogue partner)
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations Regional Forum (ARF)
- Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
- Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC)
- Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)
- Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
- Council of Europe (CE)
- Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS)
- Eurasian Economic Community (EAEC)
- Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC)
- European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) (observer)
- General Confederation of Trade Unions (GCTU)
- Group of Eight (G8)
- Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (G20)
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
- International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
- International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
- International Criminal Court (ICCt) (signatory)
- International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
- International Development Association (IDA)
- International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)
- International Finance Corporation (IFC)
- International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)
- International Labour Organization (ILO)
- International Maritime Organization (IMO)
- International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- International Olympic Committee (IOC)
- International Organization for Migration (IOM) (observer)
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
- International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)
- International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
- International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO)
- International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC)
- Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
- Latin American Integration Association (LAIA) (observer)
- Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
- Nonaligned Movement (NAM) (guest)
- Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)
- Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) (observer)
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (accession state)
- Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)
- Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
- Organization of American States (OAS) (observer)
- Paris Club
- Partnership for Peace (PFP)
- Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
- Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
- United Nations (UN)
- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
- United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
- United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
- United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)
- United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)
- United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL)
- United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS)
- United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG)
- United Nations Operation in Cote d'Ivoire (UNOCI)
- United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC)
- United Nations Security Council (permanent member)
- United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)
- Universal Postal Union (UPU)
- World Customs Organization (WCO)
- World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
- World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
- World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
- World Trade Organization (WTO) (observer)
- World Veterans Federation
- Zangger Committee (ZC)
Law and order in Russia
- Abortion in Russia
- Animal welfare and rights in Russia
- Classified information in Russia
- Constitution of Russia
- Gun control in Russia
- Hunting in Russia
- History of international law in Russia
- Types of legal entities in Russia
Crime in Russia
- Crime in Russia
- Cannabis in Russia
- Corruption in Russia
- Gambling in Russia
- Homicide in Russia
- Human trafficking in Russia
- Prostitution in Russia
Human rights in Russia
- Racism in Russia
- LGBT rights in Russia
- Freedom of assembly in Russia
- Freedom of religion in Russia
- Media freedom in Russia
Law enforcement in Russia
Military of Russia
Local government in Russia
History of Russia
History of Russia, by period
- Ancient Russia
- Early East Slavs
- Kievan Rus'
- Mongol invasion of Rus
- Tatar invasions
- Volga Bulgaria
- Golden Horde
- Grand Duchy of Moscow
- Tsardom of Russia
- Russian Empire
- Russian Civil War
- History of the Soviet Union
- History of Russia (1991–present)
- Russian Federation
- 1993 Russian constitutional crisis
- First Chechen War (1994-1995)
- Second Chechen War (1999-2009)
- Insurgency in the North Caucasus (2009-2017)
- Russo-Ukrainian War (2014-present)
- Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation (2014)
- War in Donbas
- 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Timeline of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine reactions
- Allegations of child abductions in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Anonymous and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- 2022 anti-war protests in Russia
- Attacks on civilians in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Belarusian involvement in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Chechen involvement in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- China and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Collaboration with Russia during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Corporate responses to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Economic impact of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Environmental impact of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Fundraising for Ukraine during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Government and intergovernmental reactions to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Humanitarian impact of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Impact of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine on nuclear power plants
- International sanctions during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Legality of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- List of damaged cultural sites during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- List of military engagements during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- List of monuments and memorials removed following the Russian invasion of Ukraine
- List of streets renamed due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Non-government reactions to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Nuclear threats during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Open-source intelligence in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Order of battle for the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Prelude to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Proposed no-fly zone in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Protests against the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- 2022 rail war in Russia
- Sexual violence in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Speeches by Volodymyr Zelenskyy during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Statements of the Riigikogu 2022 on the Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Ukrainian resistance during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- United States and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Use of white phosphorus bombs in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- War crimes in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Wikipedia and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Women in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Yachts impacted by international sanctions following the Russian invasion of Ukraine
History of Russia, by year
1700 - 1701 - 1702 - 1703 - 1704 - 1705 - 1706 - 1707 - 1708 - 1709 - 1710 - 1711 - 1712 - 1714 - 1715 - 1717 - 1718 - 1720 - 1721 - 1722 - 1723 - 1724 - 1725 - 1726 - 1727 - 1729 - 1730 - 1731 - 1732 - 1735 - 1736 - 1739 - 1740 - 1741 - 1742 - 1743 - 1744 - 1745 - 1746 - 1747 - 1750 - 1751 - 1752 - 1754 - 1755 - 1756 - 1757 - 1758 - 1759 - 1760 - 1761 - 1762 - 1763 - 1764 - 1765 - 1767 - 1768 - 1770 - 1771 - 1772 - 1773 - 1774 - 1775 - 1776 - 1778 - 1779 - 1780 - 1781 - 1782 - 1783 - 1784 - 1785 - 1786 - 1787 - 1788 - 1789 - 1790 - 1791 - 1792 - 1793 - 1794 - 1795 - 1796 - 1797 - 1798 - 1799 - 1800 - 1801 - 1802 - 1803 - 1804 - 1805 - 1806 - 1807 - 1808 - 1809 - 1810 - 1811 - 1812 - 1813 - 1814 - 1815 - 1818 - 1821 - 1824 - 1825 - 1828 - 1829 - 1830 - 1831 - 1834 - 1837 - 1840 - 1843 - 1844 - 1845 - 1846 - 1848 - 1849 - 1851 - 1852 - 1853 - 1854 - 1855 - 1856 - 1857 - 1858 - 1859 - 1860 - 1861 - 1862 - 1863 - 1864 - 1865 - 1866 - 1867 - 1868 - 1869 - 1870 - 1872 - 1874 - 1875 - 1876 - 1877 - 1878 - 1879 - 1880 - 1881 - 1882 - 1883 - 1884 - 1885 - 1886 - 1887 - 1888 - 1889 - 1890 - 1891 - 1892 - 1893 - 1894 - 1895 - 1896 - 1897 - 1898 - 1899 - 1900 - 1901 - 1902 - 1903 - 1904 - 1905 - 1906 - 1907 - 1908 - 1909 - 1910 - 1911 - 1912 - 1913 - 1914 - 1915 - 1916 - 1917 - 1918 - 1919 - 1920 - 1921 - 1992 - 1993 - 1994 - 1995 - 1996 - 1997 - 1998 - 1999 - 2000 - 2001 - 2002 - 2003 - 2004 - 2005 - 2006 - 2007 - 2008 - 2009 - 2010 - 2011 - 2012 - 2013 - 2014 - 2015 - 2016 - 2017 - 2018 - 2019 - 2020 - 2021 - 2022 -
History of Russia, by Region
Republics
- History of Adygea
- History of the Altai Republic
- History of Bashkortostan
- History of Buryatia
- History of Chechnya
- History of Chuvashia
- History of Dagestan
- History of Ingushetia
- History of Kabardino-Balkaria
- History of Kalmykia
- History of Karachay-Cherkessia
- History of the Republic of Karelia
- History of Khakassia
- History of the Komi Republic
- History of Mari El
- History of Mordovia
- History of North Ossetia–Alania
- History of the Sakha Republic
- History of Tatarstan
- History of Tuva
- History of Udmurtia
Krais
- History of Altai Krai
- History of Kamchatka Krai
- History of Khabarovsk Krai
- History of Krasnodar Krai
- History of Krasnoyarsk Krai
- History of Perm Krai
- History of Primorsky Krai
- History of Stavropol Krai
- History of Zabaykalsky Krai
Oblasts
- History of Amur Oblast
- History of Arkhangelsk Oblast
- History of Astrakhan Oblast
- History of Belgorod Oblast
- History of Bryansk Oblast
- History of Chelyabinsk Oblast
- History of Irkutsk Oblast
- History of Ivanovo Oblast
- History of Kaliningrad Oblast
- History of Kaluga Oblast
- History of Kemerovo Oblast
- History of Kirov Oblast
- History of Kostroma Oblast
- History of Kurgan Oblast
- History of Kursk Oblast
- History of Leningrad Oblast
- History of Lipetsk Oblast
- History of Magadan Oblast
- History of Moscow Oblast
- History of Murmansk Oblast
- History of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
- History of Novgorod Oblast
- History of Novosibirsk Oblast
- History of Omsk Oblast
- History of Orenburg Oblast
- History of Oryol Oblast
- History of Penza Oblast
- History of Pskov Oblast
- History of Rostov Oblast
- History of Ryazan Oblast
- History of Sakhalin Oblast
- History of Samara Oblast
- History of Saratov Oblast
- History of Smolensk Oblast
- History of Sverdlovsk Oblast
- History of Tambov Oblast
- History of Tomsk Oblast
- History of Tula Oblast
- History of Tver Oblast
- History of Tyumen Oblast
- History of Ulyanovsk Oblast
- History of Vladimir Oblast
- History of Volgograd Oblast
- History of Vologda Oblast
- History of Voronezh Oblast
- History of Yaroslavl Oblast
Federal cities
History of Russia, by subject
- History of Russian culture
- Economic history of the Russian Federation
- Earthquakes in Russia
- Film history of Russia
- History of Freemasonry in Russia
- History of Germans in Russia, Ukraine and the Soviet Union
- History of innovation in Russia
- History of international law in Russia
- History of the Internet in Russia
- History of the Jews in Russia
- LGBT history in Russia
- McDonald's in Russia
- Monarchism in Russia
- Military history of Russia
- Postage stamps and postal history of Russia
- History of rail transport in Russia
- History of the Russian language
- The Sexual Revolution in Russia
- Serfdom in Russia
- Slavery in Russia
- Witch trials in Russia
Culture of Russia
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- Cuisine of Russia
- Cultural icons of Russia
- Festivals in Russia
- Funerals in Russia
- Humor in Russia
- Languages of Russia
- LGBT culture in Russia
- Material culture in Russia
- Media in Russia
- Museums in Russia
- National symbols of Russia
- People of Russia
- Prostitution in Russia
- Public holidays in Russia
- Records of Russia
- Russian folklore
- Russian martial arts
- World Heritage Sites in Russia
- Scouting in Russia
- Surnames in Russia
- Time in Russia
- UFO sightings in Russia
- Video games in Russia
- Women in Russia
The arts in Russia
- Art in Russia
- Ballet in Russia
- Cinema of Russia
- Literature of Russia
- Music of Russia
- Television in Russia
- Theatre in Russia
- Opera in Russia
Architecture of Russia
- Russian architecture
- Art Nouveau Architecture in Russia
- Russian church architecture
- Lighthouses in Russia
- Neoclassical architecture in Russia
- Russian Revival architecture
- Stalinist Architecture
- Tallest buildings in Russia
Ethnic groups in Russia
- Afghans in Russia
- Armenians in Russia
- Assyrians in Russia
- Azerbaijanis in Russia
- Belarusians in Russia
- Ethnic Chinese in Russia
- Georgians in Russia
- Indians in Russia
- Iranians in Russia
- Japanese people in Russia
- Kazakhs in Russia
- Kurds in Russia
- Moldovans in Russia
- Latvians in Russia
- Nepalis in Russia
- North Koreans in Russia
- Serbs in Russia
- Turks in Russia
- Ukrainians in Russia
- Uzbeks in Russia
- Vietnamese people in Russia
Sports in Russia
- Athletics in Russia
- Cricket in Russia
- Curling clubs in Russia
- Golf in Russia
- Rugby in Russia
- Sports broadcasting contracts in Russia
- Volleyball in Russia
Football in Russia
- Football clubs in Russia
- Football derbies in Russia
- Football stadiums in Russia
- Football records and statistics in Russia
- Women's football in Russia
Religion in Russia
- Buddhism in Russia
- Christianity in Russia
- Hinduism in Russia
- Irreligion in Russia
- Islam in Russia
- Judaism in Russia
- Scientology in Russia
- Sikhism in Russia
- Slavic Native Faith in Russia
- Zoroastrianism in Russia
Economy and infrastructure of Russia
- Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2008): 8th (eighth)
- Companies of Russia
- The Development of Capitalism in Russia
- Currency of Russia: Ruble
- Economic history of Russia
- Russian Industrial Leaders Index
- Russia Stock Exchange
- Social security system in Russia
- Special Economic Zones in Russia
- Taxation in Russia
- Types of business entity in Russia
- Unemployment in Russia
Industries and economic sectors in Russia
- Agriculture in Russia
- Banking in Russia
- Chemical industry in Russia
- Defense industry of Russia
- Health care in Russia
- Mining in Russia
- Petroleum industry in Russia
- Retail industry in Russia
- Tourism in Russia
- Waste management in Russia
- Water supply and sanitation in Russia
Communications in Russia
Energy in Russia
- Coal in Russia
- Energy policy of Russia
- Oil industry in Russia
- Power stations in Russia
- Renewable energy in Russia
Transport in Russia
- Air transport in Russia
- Rail transport in Russia
- Road transport in Russia
- Maritime transport in Russia
- Urban electric transport in Russia
Education in Russia
- Academic grading in Russia
- Academic ranks in Russia
- Institutions of higher education in Russia
- Museums in Russia
Health in Russia
- Alcohol consumption in Russia
- Healthcare in Russia
- HIV/AIDS in Russia
- Hospitals in Russia
- Medical schools in Russia
- Pharmaceutical industry in Russia
- Suicide in Russia
- Women's reproductive health in Russia
See also
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- List of international rankings
- Member state of the Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors
- Member state of the United Nations
- Outline of Asia
- Outline of Europe
- Outline of geography
References
- ^ a b "Russia". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. July 2, 2009. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
- ^ a b c Russia recognizes Abkhazia and South Ossetia as independent states, thus bordering in total 16 countries, more than any other country. If only widely recognized states counted, Russia ties with China, each bordering 14 countries.
- ^ Russia also borders the Caspian Sea, a remnant of the ancient Paratethys Sea.
- ^ de facto republic of Russia, de jure part of Ukraine
External links
- Interfax.com—News agency based in Moscow
- Russia Profile English-language information service
- RussGUS Bibliographic database of German publications on Russia (about 175 000 positions)
- Government resources
- Russian News Agency Ria Novosti
- Duma—Official site of the parliamentary lower house (in Russian)
- Federative Council—Official site of the parliamentary upper house
- Kremlin—Official presidential site
- Gov.ru—Official governmental portal (in Russian)
- Russian Federation Today—Official issue of the Federal Assembly (in Russian)
- Ministry of Foreign affairs
- Russian Federal Customs Service
- Central Bank of Russia
