Bahram Mirza: Difference between revisions
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Under the orders of the newly ascended Mohammad Mirza (now known as [[Mohammad Shah Qajar]]), Bahram Mirza successfully wrested the southwestern region ([[Kermanshah]], [[Khuzestan province|Khuzestan]] and [[Lorestan province|Lorestan]]) from the rebellious brother princes Mohammad-Hossein Heshmat od-Dowleh, Asadollah Mirza and Nasrollah Mirza. Hesmat od-Dowleh, attempting to avoid Bahram Mirza, took an alternate route to the capital of [[Tehran]], but was soon captured and sent to imprisonment in [[Ardabil]]. Meanwhile, Asadollah Mirza and Nasrollah Mirza were captured by Bahram Mirza and sent to Tehran. Bahram Mirza subsequently appointed his brother [[Farhad Mirza]] as the governor of Lorestan.{{sfn|Nava'i|1986|p=524}} |
Under the orders of the newly ascended Mohammad Mirza (now known as [[Mohammad Shah Qajar]]), Bahram Mirza successfully wrested the southwestern region ([[Kermanshah]], [[Khuzestan province|Khuzestan]] and [[Lorestan province|Lorestan]]) from the rebellious brother princes Mohammad-Hossein Heshmat od-Dowleh, Asadollah Mirza and Nasrollah Mirza. Hesmat od-Dowleh, attempting to avoid Bahram Mirza, took an alternate route to the capital of [[Tehran]], but was soon captured and sent to imprisonment in [[Ardabil]]. Meanwhile, Asadollah Mirza and Nasrollah Mirza were captured by Bahram Mirza and sent to Tehran. Bahram Mirza subsequently appointed his brother [[Farhad Mirza]] as the governor of Lorestan.{{sfn|Nava'i|1986|p=524}} |
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In the spring of 1837, Bahram Mirza was ordered by Mohammad Shah to launch a military expedition to Mungasht, the fortress of the disobedient [[Bakhtiari people|Bakhtiari]] Chahar Lang tribe led by Mohammad Taqi Khan. Bahram Mirza was joined by [[Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baronet|Henry Rawlinson]], who had trained a [[Kurds|Kurdish]] regiment for the shah. Six cannons and five thousand cavalry and infantry troops made up the military expedition. After the celebration of [[Nowruz]] (Iranian new year), the Qajar and Chahar Lang forces clashed on the Malamir plain near the banks of the [[Karun|Karun river]]. With neither of the forces managing to emerge victorious, a truce was made.{{sfn|Khazeni|2009|p=49}} |
In the spring of 1837, Bahram Mirza was ordered by Mohammad Shah to launch a military expedition to Mungasht, the fortress of the disobedient [[Bakhtiari people|Bakhtiari]] Chahar Lang tribe led by Mohammad Taqi Khan Bakhtiari. Bahram Mirza was joined by [[Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baronet|Henry Rawlinson]], who had trained a [[Kurds|Kurdish]] regiment for the shah. Six cannons and five thousand cavalry and infantry troops made up the military expedition. After the celebration of [[Nowruz]] (Iranian new year), the Qajar and Chahar Lang forces clashed on the Malamir plain near the banks of the [[Karun|Karun river]]. With neither of the forces managing to emerge victorious, a truce was made.{{sfn|Khazeni|2009|p=49}} |
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The contemporary historian [[Mohammad Taqi Sepehr]] reported that following the truce, Rawlinson was permitted to choose a thousand Bakhtiari tribesmen to be added to the Iranian elite regiment ''[[Nezam-e Jadid]]''. Escorted by Rawlinson and 5,000 soldiers, Bahram Mirza met with Mohammad Taqi Khan at Mungasht, where he gifted him a jeweled sword and a robe of honor (''[[Khalat|khilat]]''). Mohammad Taqi Khan promised that the Bakhtiari would stop avoiding their yearly taxes and fight for the shah if needed. As a sign of his compliance, he sent his brother Ali Naqi Khan to live in Kermanshah.{{sfn|Khazeni|2009|p=228 (see note 21)}} However, in reality the Chahar Lang would first start paying their yearly taxes during the 1840s, as a result of the harsh measures by the new governor, [[Manuchehr Khan Gorji]].{{sfn|Khazeni|2009|pp=49–50}} |
The contemporary historian [[Mohammad Taqi Sepehr]] reported that following the truce, Rawlinson was permitted to choose a thousand Bakhtiari tribesmen to be added to the Iranian elite regiment ''[[Nezam-e Jadid]]''. Escorted by Rawlinson and 5,000 soldiers, Bahram Mirza met with Mohammad Taqi Khan at Mungasht, where he gifted him a jeweled sword and a robe of honor (''[[Khalat|khilat]]''). Mohammad Taqi Khan promised that the Bakhtiari would stop avoiding their yearly taxes and fight for the shah if needed. As a sign of his compliance, he sent his brother Ali Naqi Khan to live in Kermanshah.{{sfn|Khazeni|2009|p=228 (see note 21)}} However, in reality the Chahar Lang would first start paying their yearly taxes during the 1840s, as a result of the harsh measures by the new governor, [[Manuchehr Khan Gorji]].{{sfn|Khazeni|2009|pp=49–50}} |
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Revision as of 04:35, 30 October 2023
| Bahram Mirza | |
|---|---|
_11.jpg) Portrait of Bahram Mirza by Abu'l-Hasan Sani al-Mulk | |
| Died | 21 October 1882 |
| Dynasty | Qajar |
| Father | Abbas Mirza |
| Religion | Twelver Shia Islam |
Bahram Mirza Moezz-od-Dowleh (Persian: بهرام میرزا معزالدوله) was a Qajar prince, statesman and governor in 19th-century Iran. The second son of the crown prince Abbas Mirza, he served as the Minister of Justice from 1878 until his death on 21 October 1882.
Biography
A member of the ruling Qajar dynasty of Iran, Bahram Mirza was the second son of the crown prince Abbas Mirza and grandson of the shah (king) Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (r. 1797–1834).[1][2] Bahram Mirza first started working for the government in 1828, when he was given the governorship of Khoy. The same year, the city was besieged by the Russian Empire. Abbas Mirza evacuated Bahram Mirza and brought Amir Aslan Khan Donboli in his place.[1] After the death of Abbas Mirza in 1834, his eldest son Mohammad Mirza was appointed the new crown prince.[3] Bahram Mirza was in the company of Mohammad Mirza when Fath-Ali Shah died on 24 October 1834, which sparked schemes and a dynastic struggle over the throne.[1][3]
Under the orders of the newly ascended Mohammad Mirza (now known as Mohammad Shah Qajar), Bahram Mirza successfully wrested the southwestern region (Kermanshah, Khuzestan and Lorestan) from the rebellious brother princes Mohammad-Hossein Heshmat od-Dowleh, Asadollah Mirza and Nasrollah Mirza. Hesmat od-Dowleh, attempting to avoid Bahram Mirza, took an alternate route to the capital of Tehran, but was soon captured and sent to imprisonment in Ardabil. Meanwhile, Asadollah Mirza and Nasrollah Mirza were captured by Bahram Mirza and sent to Tehran. Bahram Mirza subsequently appointed his brother Farhad Mirza as the governor of Lorestan.[1]
In the spring of 1837, Bahram Mirza was ordered by Mohammad Shah to launch a military expedition to Mungasht, the fortress of the disobedient Bakhtiari Chahar Lang tribe led by Mohammad Taqi Khan Bakhtiari. Bahram Mirza was joined by Henry Rawlinson, who had trained a Kurdish regiment for the shah. Six cannons and five thousand cavalry and infantry troops made up the military expedition. After the celebration of Nowruz (Iranian new year), the Qajar and Chahar Lang forces clashed on the Malamir plain near the banks of the Karun river. With neither of the forces managing to emerge victorious, a truce was made.[4]
The contemporary historian Mohammad Taqi Sepehr reported that following the truce, Rawlinson was permitted to choose a thousand Bakhtiari tribesmen to be added to the Iranian elite regiment Nezam-e Jadid. Escorted by Rawlinson and 5,000 soldiers, Bahram Mirza met with Mohammad Taqi Khan at Mungasht, where he gifted him a jeweled sword and a robe of honor (khilat). Mohammad Taqi Khan promised that the Bakhtiari would stop avoiding their yearly taxes and fight for the shah if needed. As a sign of his compliance, he sent his brother Ali Naqi Khan to live in Kermanshah.[5] However, in reality the Chahar Lang would first start paying their yearly taxes during the 1840s, as a result of the harsh measures by the new governor, Manuchehr Khan Gorji.[6]
Bahram Mirza was soon called back to Tehran as a result of the grievances expressed by the residents of Kermanshah. In 1850, during the visit to Isfahan by Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (r. 1848–1896) and his prime minister Amir Kabir, Bahram Mirza was named deputy governor of Tehran.[1]
In 1858, Bahram Mirza was given the governorship of Azerbaijan and the title of "Moezz-od-Dowleh". However, he was in reality only its titular governor, as he had given his pishkar (general manager) Aziz Khan Mokri complete control of its administration.[1][7] In 1860, the governorship of the province was instead given to the crown prince Mozaffar ad-Din Mirza. Bahram Mirza was summoned to Tehran, where he served as the chief of the military council from 1865 to 1868. From 1865 to 1869, he served as the governor of Khuzestan and Lorestan. He briefly held the governorship of Mazandaran from 1873 to 1874, being subsequently re-appointed as the governor of Khuzestan and Lorestan. In 1878, he was appointed as the Minister of Justice. He died on 21 October 1882 from a heart attack.[1]
Bahram Mirza is given very little attention in Nader Mirza's biography of the governors of Azerbaijan, which suggests that outside from serving as a soldier, he had no real interests. The social wellbeing of the individuals under his authority does not appear to have occurred to him. His shifting provincial governorship assignments are indicative of his uncompromising wealth accumulation strategies, which in turn infuriated the populace and led to his removal.[1]
References
- ^ Busse 1982, pp. 79–84.
- ^ a b Calmard 2004.
- ^ Khazeni 2009, p. 49.
- ^ Khazeni 2009, p. 228 (see note 21).
- ^ Khazeni 2009, pp. 49–50.
- ^ Calmard 1988, pp. 261–263.
Sources
- Busse, H. (1982). "ʿAbbās Mīrzā Qajar". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume I/1: Āb–ʿAbd-al-Hamīd. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 79–84. ISBN 978-0-71009-090-4.
- Calmard, Jean (1988). "ʿAzīz Khan Mokrī". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume III/3: Azerbaijan IV–Bačča(-ye) Saqqā. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 261–263. ISBN 978-0-71009-115-4.
- Calmard, Jean (2004). "Moḥammad Shah Qājār". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation.
- Khazeni, Arash (2009). Tribes and Empire on the Margins of Nineteenth-Century Iran. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0295989952.
- Nava'i, A. (1986). "Bahrām Mīrzā, Moʿezz-al-Dawla". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume II/5: Armenia and Iran IV–Art in Iran I. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 524. ISBN 978-0-71009-105-5.