Havlík's law: Difference between revisions
mNo edit summary |
|||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
Word-final jers, which were abundant—including in declensional patterns—were reduced in length to ultrashort, or "weak", variants. These weak jers were then often [[Elision|elided]]. In words with multiple jers, the weak variants were not limited to word-final position. |
Word-final jers, which were abundant—including in declensional patterns—were reduced in length to ultrashort, or "weak", variants. These weak jers were then often [[Elision|elided]]. In words with multiple jers, the weak variants were not limited to word-final position. |
||
Havlík's law describes the pattern in which weak and strong jers occur. Counting from the last jer in a word, the final jer is weak, the previous jer is strong, the previous jer is weak, etc. |
Havlík's law describes the pattern in which weak and strong jers occur. Counting from the last jer in a word, the final jer is weak, the previous jer is strong, the previous jer is weak, etc., until a full vowel is reached, and then the pattern is started again with a weak jer, then a strong jer, etc. |
||
== References == |
== References == |
||
Revision as of 10:27, 22 May 2007
Havlík's law is a Slavic rhythmic law dealing with the reduced vowels (known as jers or yers) in Proto-Slavic. It is named for the Czech scholar Antonín Havlík (1855-1925), who determined the pattern in 1889. While Havlík's law was a precursor to the loss of the jers, that process is part of the individual history of the various Slavic languages. Havlík's law was already in effect at the end of the Proto-Slavic period, and ended the era of open syllables, a major phonological feature of Proto-Slavic.
Strong and weak jers
The front and back jers come from the Proto-Indo-European short high vowels ĭ and ŭ, respectively. As vowels, they played a role in the law of open syllables, which states that every syllable must end in a vowel.
Word-final jers, which were abundant—including in declensional patterns—were reduced in length to ultrashort, or "weak", variants. These weak jers were then often elided. In words with multiple jers, the weak variants were not limited to word-final position.
Havlík's law describes the pattern in which weak and strong jers occur. Counting from the last jer in a word, the final jer is weak, the previous jer is strong, the previous jer is weak, etc., until a full vowel is reached, and then the pattern is started again with a weak jer, then a strong jer, etc.
References
- Schenker, Alexander M. (1995). The Dawn of Slavic: An Introduction to Slavic Philology. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-30005-846-2.
- Townsend, Charles and Laura Janda (1996). Common and Comparative Slavic Phonology and Inflection: Phonology and Inflection : With Special Attention to Russian, Polish, Czech, Serbo-Croatian, Bulgarian. Bloomington, USA: Slavica. ISBN 0-89357-264-0.