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</ref> The Japanese word translates literally to "explosion-affected people."{{Fact|date=August 2007}} Almost all live in Japan, but several thousand bomb survivors live in [[Korea]] and elsewhere.
</ref> The Japanese word translates literally to "explosion-affected people" <ref>Hersey, John (1985). [[Hiroshima|Hiroshima (Hersey)]]. A.A. Knopf, p. 92.</ref>. Almost all live in Japan, but several thousand bomb survivors live in [[Korea]] and elsewhere.


The Japan Confederation of A- and H-Bomb Sufferers Organization (''Nihon Hidankyo''), is a group formed by hibakusha in 1956 with the goals of pressuring the Japanese government to improve support of the victims and lobbying governments for the abolition of [[nuclear weapon]]s.<ref>{{cite web
The Japan Confederation of A- and H-Bomb Sufferers Organization (''Nihon Hidankyo''), is a group formed by hibakusha in 1956 with the goals of pressuring the Japanese government to improve support of the victims and lobbying governments for the abolition of [[nuclear weapon]]s.<ref>{{cite web
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==References==
==References==
*Terkel, Studs, ''[[The Good War]]'', Random House:New York, 1984. ISBN 0-394-53103-5
*Terkel, Studs, ''[[The Good War]]'', Random House:New York, 1984. ISBN 0-394-53103-5
*Hersey, John, ''[[Hiroshima|Hiroshima (Hersey)]], A.A. Knopf: New York, 1985.


==External links and references==
==External links and references==

Revision as of 03:14, 14 September 2007

A victim of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, she suffered severe burns; the pattern on her skin is from the kimono she was wearing at the time of the bombing.

Hibakusha (被爆者) is the term widely used in Japan referring to victims of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. As of March 31, 2007, there were 251,834 living hibakusha certified by the Japanese government, with an average age of 74.6.[1] The Japanese word translates literally to "explosion-affected people" [2]. Almost all live in Japan, but several thousand bomb survivors live in Korea and elsewhere.

The Japan Confederation of A- and H-Bomb Sufferers Organization (Nihon Hidankyo), is a group formed by hibakusha in 1956 with the goals of pressuring the Japanese government to improve support of the victims and lobbying governments for the abolition of nuclear weapons.[3]

Law

The Atomic Bomb Survivors Relief Law defines hibakusha as people:

  1. who were within a few kilometers of the hypocenters of the bombs,
  2. who were within 2 km of the hypocenters within two weeks of the bombings,
  3. who were exposed to radiation from fallout, and
  4. babies carried by pregnant women in any of these categories.[4]

Hibakusha are entitled to government support; they receive a certain amount of allowance per month. They and their children were (and still are) victims of severe discrimination due to lack of knowledge about the consequences of radiation sickness, which people believed to be hereditary or even contagious.[5] About 1%, certified as suffering from bomb-related diseases, receive a special medical allowance.[6]

Each year, on the anniversaries of the bombings, lists of the names of hibakusha whose deaths have been recorded in the previous year are added to the cenotaphs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. As of August 2007, the death tolls stand at 253,008 at Hiroshima,[7] and 143,124 at Nagasaki.[8]

Book

Studs Terkel's book The Good War has a conversation with two Hibakusha. The postscript observes:

"There is considerable discrimination in Japan against the hibakusha. It is frequently extended toward their children as well: socially as well as economically. "Not only hibakusha, but their children, are refused employment," says Mr. Kito. "There are many among them who do not want it known that they are hibakusha."[9]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ ""Hiroshima marks 62nd A-bomb anniversary"". Kuwait News Agency. Retrieved 2007-08-30. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  2. ^ Hersey, John (1985). Hiroshima (Hersey). A.A. Knopf, p. 92.
  3. ^ "Welcome to HIDANKYO". Japan Confederation of A- and H-Bomb Sufferers Organization (Nihon Hidankyo) website. Retrieved 2007-08-31. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  4. ^ "Overseas Atomic Bomb Survivors Support Program". Atomic Bomb Survivors Affairs Division Health And Welfare Department Nagasaki prefectural Government. Retrieved 2007-08-25.
  5. ^ ""Prejudice haunts atomic bomb survivors"". Japan Times. Retrieved 2007-08-25. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  6. ^ ""30 A-bomb survivors apply for radiation illness benefits"". Japan Times. Retrieved 2007-08-25. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  7. ^ ""Japan marks Hiroshima anniversary"". MSNBC. Retrieved 2007-08-25. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  8. ^ ""Nagasaki marks 62nd anniversary of atomic bombing"". Japan Today. Retrieved 2007-08-25. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  9. ^ Terkel, Studs (1984). The Good War. Random House. pp. p. 542. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

References