She people: Difference between revisions
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==Language== |
==Language== |
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The [[She language]] is a [[Hmong–Mien languages|Hmong–Mien language]]. Most of the She today speak Chinese dialects, like [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]]. Those who retain their own language - approximately 1,200 individuals in Guangdong province - call themselves ''Ho Ne'' "mountain people" ({{zh|c=活聂 huóniè}}). Some said they were descendants of [[Dongyi]], [[Nanman]] or [[Yue peoples]].<ref>[http://www.china.com.cn/aboutchina/zhuanti/xz/2009-07/23/content_18187268.htm 众说纷纭的畲族民族起源]</ref><ref>[http://www.world10k.com/blog/?p=477 南溟網· 關於畬族研究的回顧]</ref> |
The [[She language]] is a [[Hmong–Mien languages|Hmong–Mien language]]. Most of the She today speak Chinese dialects, like [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]]. Those who retain their own language - approximately 1,200 individuals in Guangdong province - call themselves ''Ho Ne'' "mountain people" ({{zh|c=活聂 huóniè}}). Some said they were descendants of [[Dongyi]], [[Nanman]] or [[Yue peoples]].<ref>[http://www.china.com.cn/aboutchina/zhuanti/xz/2009-07/23/content_18187268.htm 众说纷纭的畲族民族起源]</ref><ref>[http://www.world10k.com/blog/?p=477 南溟網· 關於畬族研究的回顧]</ref> |
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Chinese dialects spoken by the She people as listed in You (2002) include<ref>Some of the following are Han Chinese dialects.</ref>: |
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*[[Fu'an]] 福安, [[Ningde]], [[Zhejiang]] |
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*[[Fuding]] 福鼎, [[Ningde]], [[Zhejiang]] |
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*[[Luoyuan County|Luoyuan]] 罗源, [[Fuzhou]], [[Fujian]] |
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*[[Sanming]] 三明, [[Fujian]] |
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*[[Shunchang County|Shunchang]] 顺昌, [[Nanping]] 南平, [[Fujian]] |
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*[[Hua'an County|Hua'an]], [[Zhangzhou]] 华安, southern [[Fujian]] |
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*[[Guixi]] 贵溪, [[Yingtan]] 鹰潭, [[Jiangxi]] |
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*[[Cangnan County|Cangnan]] 苍南, [[Wenzhou]] 温州, [[Zhejiang]] |
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*[[Jingning She Autonomous County|Jingning]] 景宁, [[Lishui County|Lishui]], [[Zhejiang]] |
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*[[Lishui, Zhejiang|Lishui]] 丽水, [[Zhejiang]] |
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*[[Longyou County|Longyou]] 龙游, [[Quzhou]] 衢州, [[Zhejiang]] |
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*[[Chaozhou]] 潮州, [[Guangdong]] |
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*[[Fengshun County|Fengshun]] 丰顺, [[Meizhou]] 梅州, [[Guangdong]] |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The She people are not native to Zhejiang. During the Ming- Qing dynasties they moved into and settled Zhejiang's southern region and mountain districts in the Lower Yangtze region, after they left their homeland in Northern Fujian. It is theorized that the She were pushed out of their land by the Hakka, which caused them to move into Zhejiang.<ref>{{cite book |coauthors=Susan Naquin, Evelyn Sakakida Rawski |title=Chinese Society in the Eighteenth Century |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=cpfgQNWXpyoC&pg=PA169&dq=The+She+had+migrated+north+in+the+late+Ming+and+Qing+from+the+hills+of+northern+Fujian+into+southern+Zhejiang;+some+even+moved+into+the+Lower+Yangtze+mountain&hl=en&ei=uoWtTrv_IIPa0QGxy8yQDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20She%20had%20migrated%20north%20in%20the%20late%20Ming%20and%20Qing%20from%20the%20hills%20of%20northern%20Fujian%20into%20southern%20Zhejiang%3B%20some%20even%20moved%20into%20the%20Lower%20Yangtze%20mountain&f=false |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate=2011 October 30 |type= |edition=reprint, illustrated |series= |volume= |date= |year=1989 |month= |origyear= |publisher=Yale University Press |location= |language= |isbn=0-300-04602-2 |page=169 |pages= |at= |chapter= |quote=Both the She and the Tanka were quite assimilated into Han Chinese culture. The She had migrated north in the late Ming and Qing from the hills of northern Fujian into southern Zhejiang; some even moved into the Lower Yangtze mountain districts farther north. |}}</ref> |
The She people are not native to Zhejiang. During the Ming- Qing dynasties they moved into and settled Zhejiang's southern region and mountain districts in the Lower Yangtze region, after they left their homeland in Northern Fujian. It is theorized that the She were pushed out of their land by the Hakka, which caused them to move into Zhejiang.<ref>{{cite book |coauthors=Susan Naquin, Evelyn Sakakida Rawski |title=Chinese Society in the Eighteenth Century |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=cpfgQNWXpyoC&pg=PA169&dq=The+She+had+migrated+north+in+the+late+Ming+and+Qing+from+the+hills+of+northern+Fujian+into+southern+Zhejiang;+some+even+moved+into+the+Lower+Yangtze+mountain&hl=en&ei=uoWtTrv_IIPa0QGxy8yQDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20She%20had%20migrated%20north%20in%20the%20late%20Ming%20and%20Qing%20from%20the%20hills%20of%20northern%20Fujian%20into%20southern%20Zhejiang%3B%20some%20even%20moved%20into%20the%20Lower%20Yangtze%20mountain&f=false |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate=2011 October 30 |type= |edition=reprint, illustrated |series= |volume= |date= |year=1989 |month= |origyear= |publisher=Yale University Press |location= |language= |isbn=0-300-04602-2 |page=169 |pages= |at= |chapter= |quote=Both the She and the Tanka were quite assimilated into Han Chinese culture. The She had migrated north in the late Ming and Qing from the hills of northern Fujian into southern Zhejiang; some even moved into the Lower Yangtze mountain districts farther north. |}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 02:48, 2 September 2012
 | It has been suggested that Che people be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since October 2011. |
| [[File:Alternative names: Ho Ne|frameless]] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| China: Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Anhui | |
| Languages | |
| Predominantly Hakka. A minuscule minority speak She in Zengcheng, Boluo County, Huidong County and Haifeng County in Guangdong province. | |
| Religion | |
| Buddhism, Taoism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Yao, Miao, Hakka Han |
The She (畲) people (She Hakka: Template:IPA-hak[missing tone]; Cantonese: [sɛ̏ː]; Fuzhou: [sia˥]) are a Chinese ethnic group. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China.
| She people | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 畲族 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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They are the largest minority in Fujian province. They are also present in the provinces of Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi and Guangdong. Some descendants of the She also exist amongst the Hakka minority in Taiwan.
Language
The She language is a Hmong–Mien language. Most of the She today speak Chinese dialects, like Hakka. Those who retain their own language - approximately 1,200 individuals in Guangdong province - call themselves Ho Ne "mountain people" (Chinese: 活聂 huóniè). Some said they were descendants of Dongyi, Nanman or Yue peoples.[1][2]
Chinese dialects spoken by the She people as listed in You (2002) include[3]:
- Fu'an 福安, Ningde, Zhejiang
- Fuding 福鼎, Ningde, Zhejiang
- Luoyuan 罗源, Fuzhou, Fujian
- Sanming 三明, Fujian
- Shunchang 顺昌, Nanping 南平, Fujian
- Hua'an, Zhangzhou 华安, southern Fujian
- Guixi 贵溪, Yingtan 鹰潭, Jiangxi
- Cangnan 苍南, Wenzhou 温州, Zhejiang
- Jingning 景宁, Lishui, Zhejiang
- Lishui 丽水, Zhejiang
- Longyou 龙游, Quzhou 衢州, Zhejiang
- Chaozhou 潮州, Guangdong
- Fengshun 丰顺, Meizhou 梅州, Guangdong
History
The She people are not native to Zhejiang. During the Ming- Qing dynasties they moved into and settled Zhejiang's southern region and mountain districts in the Lower Yangtze region, after they left their homeland in Northern Fujian. It is theorized that the She were pushed out of their land by the Hakka, which caused them to move into Zhejiang.[4]
PRC Autonomous Counties and Ethnic Townships
Zhejiang Province
Hangzhou Municipality
Eshan She-nation Ethnic Township (莪山畲族乡) in Tonglu County
Quzhou Municipality
Muchen She-nation Ethnic Township (沐尘畲族乡) in Longyou County
Jinhua Municipality
Shuiting She-nation Ethnic Township (水亭畲族乡) in Lanxi City
Liucheng She-nation Ethnic Township (柳城畲族镇) in Wuyi County
Wenzhou Municipality
Qingjie She-nation Ethnic Township (青街畲族乡) in Pingyang County
Xikeng She-nation Ethnic Township (西坑畲族镇) in Wencheng County
Zhoushan She-nation Ethnic Township (周山畲族乡) in Wencheng County
Fengyang She-nation Ethnic Township (凤阳畲族乡) in Cangnan County
Dailing She-nation Ethnic Township (岱岭畲族乡) in Cangnan County
Siqian She-nation Ethnic Township (司前畲族镇) in Taishun County
Zhuli She-nation Ethnic Township (竹里畲族乡) in Taishun County
Lishui Municipality
Jingning She-nation Autonomous County (景宁畲族自治县)
Laozhu She-nation Ethnic Town (老竹畲族镇) in Liandu District
Lixin She-nation Ethnic Township (丽新畲族乡) in Liandu District
Wuxi She-nation Ethnic Township (雾溪畲族乡) in Yunhe County
Anxi She-nation Ethnic Township (安溪畲族乡) in Yunhe County
Zhuyang She-nation Ethnic Township (竹垟畲族乡) in Longquan City
Sanren She-nation Ethnic Township (三仁畲族乡) in Suichang County
Banqiao She-nation Ethnic Township (板桥畲族乡) in Songyang County
Anhui Province
Xuancheng Municipality
Yunti She-nation Ethnic Township (云梯畲族乡) in Ningguo City
Fujian Province
Fuzhou Municipality
Xiaocang She-nation Ethnic Township (小沧畲族乡) in Lianjiang County
Ningde Municipality
Muyun She-nation Ethnic Township (穆云畲族乡) in Fu'an City
Kangcuo She-nation Ethnic Township (康厝畲族乡) in Fu'an City
Banzhong She-nation Ethnic Township (坂中畲族乡) in Fu'an City
Xiamen She-nation Ethnic Township (硖门畲族乡) in Fuding City
Yantian She-nation Ethnic Township (盐田畲族乡) in Xiapu County
Shuimen She-nation Ethnic Township (水门畲族乡) in Xiapu County
Chongru She-nation Ethnic Township (崇儒畲族乡) in Xiapu County
Zhangzhou Municipality
Longjiao She-nation Ethnic Township (隆教畲族乡) in Longhai City
Huxi She-nation Ethnic Township (湖西畲族乡) in Zhangpu County
Chiling She-nation Ethnic Township (赤岭畲族乡) in Zhangpu County
Longyan Municipality
Gongzhuang She-nation Ethnic Township (宫庄畲族乡) in Shanghang County
Lufeng She-nation Ethnic Township (庐丰畲族乡) in Shanghang County
Jiangxi Province
Shangrao Municipality
Taiyuan She-nation Ethnic Township (太源畲族乡) in Yanshan County
Huangbi She-nation Ethnic Township (篁碧畲族乡) in Yanshan County
Yingtan Municipality
Zhangping She-nation Ethnic Township (樟坪畲族乡) in Guixi City
Fuzhou Municipality
Jinzhu She-nation Ethnic Township (金竹畲族乡) in LeAn County
Ganzhou Municipality
Chitu She-nation Ethnic Township (赤土畲族乡) in Nankang City
Ji'an Municipality
Donggu She-nation Ethnic Township (东固畲族乡) in Qingyuan District
Longgang She-nation Ethnic Township (龙冈畲族乡) in Yongfeng County
Jinping Minority-nation Ethnic Township (金坪民族乡)[5] in Xiajiang County
Guangdong Province
Heyuan Municipality
Zhangxi She-nation Ethnic Township (漳溪畲族乡) in Dongyuan County
Distribution of the She people in China
The roughly 45,000 She living in Guizhou Province form a separate subgroup, the Dongjia (东家人 Dongjia ren), who differ notably in culture from the She in other areas.[citation needed]
Provincial level
In a census in year 2000, 709,592 She have been counted in China.
- Distribution of the She people in China
| Administrative division | Number of She | relative percentage of all She in China |
|---|---|---|
| Fujian Province | 375,193 | 52.87% |
| Zhejiang Province | 170,993 | 24.1% |
| Jiangxi Province | 77,650 | 10.94% |
| Guizhou Province | 44,926 | 6.33% |
| Guangdong Province | 28,053 | 3.95% |
| Hunan Province | 2,891 | 0.41% |
| Hubei Province | 2.523 | 0.36% |
| Anhui Province | 1,563 | 0.22% |
| Rest Chinas Province | 5,800 | 0.82% |
District level
- Distribution of the She people by districts (as of 2000)
Only values of 0.5% and greater have been considered.
| Superior provincial level | Superior district level | City, town, urban district | Number of She | Relative percentage of all She in China |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Province of Fujian | City of Ningde | City of Fu'an | 59,931 | 8.45% |
| Province of Guizhou | Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture | Majiang County | 35,422 | 4.99% |
| Province of Fujian | City of Ningde | District of Xiapu | 35,071 | 4.94% |
| Province of Fujian | City of Longyan | District of Shanghang | 30,735 | 4.33% |
| Province of Fujian | City of Ningde | City of Fuding | 28,207 | 3.98% |
| Province of Fujian | City of Ningde | Urban district of Jiaocheng | 22,054 | 3.11% |
| Province of Fujian | City of Zhangzhou | District of Zhangpu | 20,729 | 2.92% |
| Province of Zhejiang | City of Lishui | Urban district of Liandu | 19,455 | 2.74% |
| Province of Fujian | City of Fuzhou | District of Luoyuan | 18,495 | 2.61% |
| Province of Zhejiang | City of Lishui | Jingning She Autonomous County | 16,144 | 2.28% |
| Province of Zhejiang | City of Wenzhou | District of Cangnan | 16,133 | 2.27% |
| Province of Zhejiang | City of Wenshan | District of Taishun | 13,862 | 1.95% |
| Province of Zhejiang | City of Lishui | District of Suichang | 13,658 | 1.92% |
| Province of Fujian | City of Fuzhou | Lianjiang County | 11,918 | 1.68% |
| Province of Fujian | City of Zhangzhou | District of Zhao'an | 11,048 | 1.56% |
| Province of Fujian | City of Zhangzhou | City of Longhai | 9,583 | 1.35% |
| Province of Zhejiang | City of Wenzhou | Wencheng County | 9,287 | 1.31% |
| Province of Zhejiang | City of Wenzhou | Pingyang County | 9,137 | 1.29% |
| Province of Zhejiang | City of Quzhou | District of Longyou | 8,934 | 1.26% |
| Province of Jiangxi | City of Ganzhou | City of Nankang | 8,888 | 1.25% |
| Province of Zhejiang | City of Lishui | Yunhe County | 8,884 | 1.25% |
| Province of Fujian | City of Quanzhou | Anxi County | 8,673 | 1.22% |
| Province of Fujian | City of Ningde | Gutian County | 7,708 | 1.09% |
| Province of Zhejiang | City of Lishui | City of Longquan | 7,486 | 1.05% |
| Province of Zhejiang | City of Jinhua | Wuyi County | 7,218 | 1.02% |
| Province of Fujian | City of Sanming | District of Ninghua | 7,003 | 0.99% |
| Province of Jiangxi | City of Ganzhou | Xinfeng County | 6,462 | 0.91% |
| Province of Fujian | City of Nanping | District of Shunchang | 6,246 | 0.88% |
| Province of Jiangxi | City of Ganzhou | District of Xingguo | 5,777 | 0.81% |
| Province of Fujian | City of Quanzhou | Urban district of Quangang | 5,521 | 0.78% |
| Province of Jiangxi | City of Ganzhou | Dayu County | 5,380 | 0.76% |
| Province of Fujian | City of Fuzhou | City of Fuqing | 5,261 | 0.74% |
| Province of Fujian | City of Quanzhou | City of Nan'an | 5,218 | 0.74% |
| Province of Fujian | City of Sanming | City of Yong'an | 4,637 | 0.65% |
| Province of Guangdong | City of Heyuan | Dongyuan County | 4,621 | 0.65% |
| Province of Zhejiang | City of Hangzhou | Tonglu County | 4,536 | 0.64% |
| Province of Zhejiang | City of Lishui | District of Songyang | 4,526 | 0.64% |
| Province of Guangdong | City of Shaoguan | City of Nanxiong | 4,430 | 0.62% |
| Province of Fujian | City of Zhangzhou | Urban district of Xiangcheng | 4,332 | 0.61% |
| Province of Fujian | City of Nanping | City of Jianyang | 4,327 | 0.61% |
| Province of Fujian | City of Fuzhou | Yongtai County | 4,231 | 0.6% |
| Province of Guizhou | Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture | City of Fuquan | 4,022 | 0.57% |
| Province of Fujian | City of Xiamen | Urban district of Huli | 4,017 | 0.57% |
| Province of Zhejiang | City of Quzhou | Urban district of Qujiang | 4,014 | 0.57% |
| Province of Fujian | City of Fuzhou | Urban district of Jin'an | 3,867 | 0.54% |
| Province of Jiangxi | City of Ganzhou | District of Huichang | 3,632 | 0.51% |
| Province of Jiangxi | City of Ganzhou | District of Yudu | 3,630 | 0.51% |
| Province of Zhejiang | City of Hangzhou | City of Lin'an | 3,616 | 0.51% |
| Rest of China | 161,626 | 22.78% |
Notes and references
- You, Wenliang. 2002. She zu yu yan (The Language of the She people). Fuzhou, China: Fujian ren min chu ban she. (游文良. 2002. 畲族语言. 福州: 福建人民出版社)
- ^ 众说纷纭的畲族民族起源
- ^ 南溟網· 關於畬族研究的回顧
- ^ Some of the following are Han Chinese dialects.
- ^ Chinese Society in the Eighteenth Century (reprint, illustrated ed.). Yale University Press. 1989. p. 169. ISBN 0-300-04602-2. Retrieved 2011 October 30.
Both the She and the Tanka were quite assimilated into Han Chinese culture. The She had migrated north in the late Ming and Qing from the hills of northern Fujian into southern Zhejiang; some even moved into the Lower Yangtze mountain districts farther north.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameters:|1=and|month=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Est. 2008, Jinping is home to eight minority nations, living in 19 designated villages (村, cun). The township as a whole cannot be said to be expressly for the She. In all, Jiangxi Province has 56 She villages in non-She-nation townships.
