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Coworking is a style of work that involves a shared workplace, often an office, and independent activity. Unlike in a typical office, those coworking are usually not employed by the same organization. Typically, it is attractive to work-at-home professionals, independent contractors, independent scientists or people who travel frequently who end up working in relative isolation.^[1] Coworking is a social gathering of a group of people who are still working independently, but who share values^[2] and who are interested in the synergy that can happen from working with people who value working in the same place alongside each other.^[3] Coworking offers a solution to the problem of isolation that many freelancers experience while working at home, while at the same time letting them escape the distractions of home. It generally costs money in the form of membership dues, though some spaces are free of charge.

Types

Coworking is not only about the physical place, but about establishing a community. Its benefits can already be experienced outside of the physical spaces, and it is recommended to start with building a coworking community first before considering opening a Coworking place.^[4] However, some coworking places don't build a community; they just get a part of an existing one by combining their opening with an event which attracts their target group.^[5]

Real-estate centric coworking spaces are about selling desks first, with building community as a secondary goal. Players target freelance professionals, remote workers, and small to medium enterprises (SMEs) who need a space and seek a community with a collaborative spirit. Customers also often benefit from professional services such as printing or incorporation or consulting.^[6]

Coworking is distinct from business accelerators, incubators and executive suites.^[7] These spaces do not fit into the coworking model because they often miss the social, collaborative, and informal aspects of the process. In coworking, management practices are closer to that of a cooperative, including a focus on community^[8] rather than profit.^[9] Many^{[weasel words]} of the coworking participants are also participants in an unconference like BarCamp^[10] and other related open-source participatory technology events.^[11]^[12]

History

Between 2006 and 2015, a few studies have shown the number of coworking spaces and available seats have roughly doubled each year.^[13]

Brad Neuberg is credited with starting the coworking movement in San Francisco in 2005 with the idea to combine the independence of freelancing with the structure and community of an office space. To do this, he invented the word "coworking" with no hyphen.^[14] Coworking how we experience it today was preceded by European hacker spaces of the 1990s, where programmers would exchange skills and best practices^[15].

Some coworking places^[16] were developed by nomadic Internet entrepreneurs seeking an alternative to working in coffee shops and cafes, or to isolation in independent or home offices.^[17] A 2007 survey showed that many employees worry about feeling isolated and losing human interaction if they were to telecommute. Roughly a third of both private and public-sector workers also reported that they did not want to stay at home during work. A major factor that drives demand for coworking is the growing part of independent workers^[18].

In Asia

Coworking in Asia has become very popular as space is limited in countries like China, India, Singapore, Vietnam, Philippines, Hong Kong and Taiwan.^{[citation needed]}

In Hong Kong for example, dozens of coworking spaces have been set up to foster the rapidly growing startup community; according to Forbes it is among the leading tech locations in the world, along with Silicon Valley and New York City.^[19] Spread across almost all districts, coworking places can be found everywhere while the majority of places are situated on Hong Kong Island and there predominantly in the Central and Sheung Wan districts.

The Malaysian state of Penang, long regarded as the Silicon Valley of the East, has also witnessed an increase in coworking spaces.^[20]^[21] Aside from privately-owned startups, the Penang state government has embarked on a drive to convert colonial-era buildings in the capital city of George Town into coworking spaces.^[22]

As well as tech startups, coworking is becoming increasingly common amongst digital nomads in Asia.^[23] A 2011 survey^{[citation needed]} found most coworkers are currently in their late twenties to late thirties, with an average age of 34 years. Two-thirds are men, one third are women. Four in five coworkers started their career with a university education. The majority of coworkers work in creative industries or new media. Slightly more than half of all coworkers are freelancers.

Co-working space in India

^[24]BHIVE Workspace - co-working space in India

Coworking spaces in India are also on the rise with Mumbai experiencing a huge surge in 2017^[quantify].^[25]^[26] There are 200-odd companies offering shared office spaces in India and a sizeable chunk of them still identify themselves as startup-focused spaces. However, more providers of co-working spaces—including Awfis Space Solutions, 91Springboard and InstaOffice as well as global companies like WeWork—are positioning themselves as enterprise-focused facilities. ^[27]

In Europe

France opened its first coworking space in 2007, la Boate, located in Marseilles.^{[citation needed]} In 2008, two new ones open in Paris : la Cantine and la Ruche.

File:Zonaspace-coworking-atmosphere.jpg

Zonaspace in Saint Petersburg, Russia

Nowadays the U.K. is among^{[weasel words]} the most responsive European country to the idea of collaborative working, with a special focus on London. The city leads the coworking market not only for the large number of coworking places it offers but also for the variety of places that exist to fit the differing needs among start-ups, entrepreneurs and freelancers.^{[citation needed]} Camden Collective is a regeneration project in London that re-purposes previously vacant and underused properties, and opened its first ‘wire-less wall-less’ coworking space in 2009.^[28]

In June 2013, the U.K. Government announced it would be applying coworking principles to a new pilot scheme for its 'One Public Sector Estate' strategy covering 12 local authorities in England which will encourage councils to work with central government departments and other bodies so that staff share buildings. This will enable the authorities to encourage collaboration as well as re-use or release property and land deemed surplus to requirements, cutting spending and freeing up land for local development.^[29]

Coworking is also becoming more common in continental Europe, with the startup metropolis Berlin being a major booster for this development. Several diverse offers can be found in the city, such as Factory Berlin.

This kind of working environment is not exclusive to big cities. Also smaller urban areas with many young and creative people and especially university cities may offer coworking places, with Cowork Greifswald in Germany being one example. Cooperations between coworking spaces and academic environments are focused.^[30]

In North America

Since Neuberg started the coworking movement in 2005, San Francisco continues to have a large presence in the coworking community and is home to a growing number of coworking spaces.^[31] Also in the Bay Area, Anca Mosoiu established Tech Liminal in 2009, a coworking place in Oakland.^[32] In Miami new places have been opening their doors. Coworking has also spread into many other metropolitan areas, with cities such as Seattle, Washington,^[33] Portland, Oregon,^[34]^[35] and Wichita, Kansas^[36] now offering several coworking venues. The New York coworking community has also been evolving rapidly in places like Regus and Rockefeller Group Business Center. Several new startups like WeWork have been expanding all over the city. The demand for coworking in Brooklyn neighborhoods is high due to the rise in the Millennials workforce; nearly one in 10 workers in the Gowanus area work from home.^[37] The industrial area of Gowanus is seeing a surge in new startups who are redesigning old buildings into new coworking spaces.^[38] In Brooklyn, in 2008, the first green focused coworking space in the US opened called Green Spaces, founded by Jennie Nevin and expanded in 2009 to Manhattan and Denver and has been a driving force for green entrepreneurship through the collaboration of coworking.^[39]

References

^ Butler, Kiera (2008-01-01), "Works Well With Others", Mother Jones
^ DeBare, Ilana (2008-02-19), "Shared work spaces a wave of the future", San Francisco Chronicle
^ Miller, Kerry (2007-02-26), "Where the Coffee Shop Meets the Cubicle", Businessweek
^ "Space Catalyst: Getting Started". Coworking wiki.
^ Foertsch, Carsten (2010-09-01). "7 tips for a successful co-working space". Deskmag.
^ "The Future of Coworking: coworking visas, corporate partnerships and real-estate specialists". Martin Pasquier. Innovation Is Everywhere. Retrieved 2015-02-14.
^ DeGuzman, Genevieve Five Big Myths About Coworking. Deskmag. 1 November 2011.
^ Fost, Dan (2008-02-20), "Inspiration Strikes Only a Desk Away", New York Times
^ Fost, Dan (2008-02-20), "They're Working on Their Own, Just Side by Side", New York Times
^ Clark, Jessica (2007-10-01), "Coworkers of the World, Unite!", American Prospect
^ Horowitz, Etan (2007-09-27), "Coworking can solve non-traditional office issues", Orlando Sentinel, archived from the original on 2007-10-11 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Berve, Anette (2008-04-25), "In Search of Colleagues" (PDF), The Argentimes, archived from the original (PDF) on 28 August 2008
^ "The Future of Coworking: coworking visas, corporate partnerships and real-estate specialists". Martin Pasquier. Innovation Is Everywhere. Retrieved 2015-02-14.
^ Fost, Dan. "They're Working on Their Own, Just Side by Side". The New York Times. The New York Times. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
^ Laura, Bliss. "How WeWork Has Perfectly Captured the Millennial Id". The Atlantic. The Atlantic. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
^ Cowan, Katy (2010-04-22). "10 of the best co-working spaces in the UK". Creative Boom. Archived from the original on 24 April 2010.
^ "10 Tips on Etiquette in the Co-Working Office". Free Office Finder. Jul 10, 2017.
^ Broadbent, Andrew. "Why Big Corporations Are Moving Into Coworking Spaces". Entrepreneur. Entrepreneur. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
^ Strauss, Karsten (February 2013), The World's Top 4 Tech Capitals To Watch (after Silicon Valley and New York), Forbes
^ Lianne Chia (26 January 2017). "A Silicon Valley of the East: Penang's thriving start-up community". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
^ "Is Penang Ready for the Coworking Movement?". Is Penang Ready for the Coworking Movement?,. Retrieved 2018-06-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
^ "'Repopulating' George Town via co-working, co-living spaces". The Edge. 18 April 2018. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
^ Lim, Jason. "The 11 Best Coworking Spaces In Asia". Forbes. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
^ RAJMOHAN, SOORAJ. "Corporate cubicle to cool cafe". The Hindu. Retrieved 2017-01-24.
^ "Co-working spaces to grow 50% in 2017, says JLL India chief". No. Jul 20, 2017. Business Standard. Business Standard. Jul 20, 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
^ Mehta, Dhaval. "Top 5 Coworking Spaces in Mumbai". The Luminary. The Croissant. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
^ https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/sme-sector/why-the-co-working-industry-gravitating-towards-large-companies-and-smes/articleshow/63038041.cms
^ "London’s Camden reinvents itself as hub for emerging businesses", Financial Times (paywall).
^ Insight: UK Government announces details of One Public Sector Estate scheme
^ deskmag Will Coworking Spaces Be The New Classrooms?, 2013-01-30
^ Abate, Tom (2010-06-04). "Shared work spaces new resource for solo worker". San Francisco Chronicle.
^ Woodall, Angela (October 15, 2012). "Hometown Hero: Anca Mosoiu, founder of Oakland's Tech Liminal". The Oakland Tribune. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
^ Chavez, Jesus (November 9, 2010). "Coworking - You Could Work from Home but Don't Want To". The Seattle Times.
^ McEwan, Bob (April 11, 2009). "Co-working: a room not of their own". The Oregonian.
^ Dullroy, Joel (May 9, 2012). "Coworking in Portland". Deskmag.
^ Carrie, Rengers (Nov 10, 2010). "Labor Party to open in Old Town for collaborative creative office space". The Wichita Eagle.
^ Zimmer, Amy (2 June 2015). "MAP: See the Most Popular Neighborhoods for Working From Home". DNA Info. Archived from the original on 11 June 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Albrecht, Leslie (12 June 2015). "Co-Working Spaces Booming in Gowanus as More Workers Shun Offices". DNA Info. Archived from the original on 22 June 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "GREEN ACRE". New York Post. 2009-04-13. Retrieved 2017-09-22.

@@ Line 87: / Line 87: @@
  | publisher = [[Forbes]]}}</ref> Spread across almost all districts, coworking places can be found everywhere while the majority of places are situated on [[Hong Kong Island]] and there predominantly in the [[Central, Hong Kong|Central]] and [[Sheung Wan]] districts.
-The [[States and federal territories of Malaysia|Malaysian state]] of [[Penang]], long regarded as the ''Silicon Valley of the East'', has also witnessed an increase in coworking spaces.<ref name=":57">{{Cite news|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/a-silicon-valley-of-the-east-penang-s-thriving-start-up-communit-7576346|title=A Silicon Valley of the East: Penang’s thriving start-up community|last=Lianne Chia|first=|date=26 January 2017|work=[[Channel NewsAsia]]|access-date=27 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>{{Better source|reason=Claim in article is coming from Penang's state investment promotion agency|date=July 2018}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://penangmonthly.com/article.aspx?pageid=10148&name=is_penang_ready_for_the_coworking_movement?|title=Is Penang Ready for the Coworking Movement?|website=Is Penang Ready for the Coworking Movement?,|access-date=2018-06-07}}</ref> Aside from privately-owned [[Startup company|startups]], the [[Government of Penang|Penang state government]] has embarked on a drive to convert colonial-era buildings in the capital city of [[George Town, Penang|George Town]] into coworking spaces.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/repopulating-george-town-coworking-coliving-spaces|title=‘Repopulating’ George Town via co-working, co-living spaces|last=|first=|date=18 April 2018|work=[[The Edge (Malaysia)|The Edge]]|access-date=7 June 2018}}</ref>
+The [[States and federal territories of Malaysia|Malaysian state]] of [[Penang]], long regarded as the ''Silicon Valley of the East'', has also witnessed an increase in coworking spaces.<ref name=":57">{{Cite news|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/a-silicon-valley-of-the-east-penang-s-thriving-start-up-communit-7576346|title=A Silicon Valley of the East: Penang’s thriving start-up community|last=Lianne Chia|first=|date=26 January 2017|work=[[Channel NewsAsia]]|access-date=27 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://penangmonthly.com/article.aspx?pageid=10148&name=is_penang_ready_for_the_coworking_movement?|title=Is Penang Ready for the Coworking Movement?|website=Is Penang Ready for the Coworking Movement?,|access-date=2018-06-07}}</ref> Aside from privately-owned [[Startup company|startups]], the [[Government of Penang|Penang state government]] has embarked on a drive to convert colonial-era buildings in the capital city of [[George Town, Penang|George Town]] into coworking spaces.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/repopulating-george-town-coworking-coliving-spaces|title=‘Repopulating’ George Town via co-working, co-living spaces|last=|first=|date=18 April 2018|work=[[The Edge (Malaysia)|The Edge]]|access-date=7 June 2018}}</ref>
 As well as tech startups, coworking is becoming increasingly common amongst [[Digital nomad|digital nomads]] in Asia.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jlim/2016/07/31/asias-best-co-working-spaces-are|title=The 11 Best Coworking Spaces In Asia|last=Lim|first=Jason|work=Forbes|access-date=2017-03-10}}</ref> A 2011 survey{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}} found most coworkers are currently in their late twenties to late thirties, with an average age of 34 years. Two-thirds are men, one third are women. Four in five coworkers started their career with a university education. The majority of coworkers work in [[creative industries]] or [[new media]]. Slightly more than half of all coworkers are freelancers.