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Again, it's not a new nickname - plenty of sources to show you the guardian link you so eagerly adhere to has made a mistake. The nickname has been around for a century!
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{{main|Mackem}}
{{main|Mackem}}


Supporters of A.F.C. Sunderland have historically been named Mackems as are the populace of the city. However, during their near 100 year history at Roker Park the fans were commonly known as Rokerites, Rokermen, Roker Men or derivatives of.<ref name=guardiannickname/><ref name="nickname"/> The old nicknames became obsolete after the club left Roker Park for the Stadium of Light in 1997 but have stayed in use.
Supporters of A.F.C. Sunderland have historically been named Mackems as are the populace of the city. However, during their near 100 year history at Roker Park the fans were commonly known as Miners, The Light Brigade,<ref>https://hillam.org.uk/cat-history.html</ref> Rokerites, Rokermen, Roker Men or derivatives of.<ref name=guardiannickname/><ref name="nickname"/> The old nicknames became obsolete after the club left Roker Park for the Stadium of Light in 1997 but have stayed in use.


In 2000 a public vote was held on a new nickname for the club, the outcome of which was the nickname of 'The Black Cats'.<ref name=guardiannickname/><ref name="nickname"/> The origin of the nickname has been speculated on and various stories may be apocryphal, but the imagery of a black cat has long been associated with the club, and was used throughout the clubs history on club merchandise and supporters clubs prior to becoming official.<ref name=guardiannickname/><ref name="nickname"/>
In 2000 a public vote was held on an official nickname for the club, the outcome of which was the nickname of 'The Black Cats'.<ref name=guardiannickname/><ref name="nickname"/> The imagery of a black cat has long been associated with the club, starting with a black cat that was found at Roker Park in 1909 and then remained to live there,<ref>https://hillam.org.uk/cat-history.html</ref> and was used throughout the club's history on club merchandise and supporters' clubs prior to becoming official.<ref name=guardiannickname/><ref name="nickname"/>


==Attendance records==
==Attendance records==

Revision as of 00:23, 17 December 2020

Sunderland A.F.C. supporters are the followers of Sunderland A.F.C. an English professional football club based in the city of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear. Sunderland A.F.C. were formed in 1879 and joined The Football League for the 1890–91 season.[1] They experienced an immediate period of success with five league titles in a decade between 1892 and 1902, and added subsequent titles in 1913 and 1936. Supporters of the club, and people from Sunderland in general, are traditionally called Mackem's, but during their near century long tenure at Roker Park they were also referred to as Rokerites and Rokermen.[2][3][4][5]

The club has had a historically large and passionate following, with the club seeing attendance figures larger than other more fashionable clubs. For instance a 2019 by the International Centre for Sports Studies (CIES) showed that over the prior 5 seasons (2013 to 2018) Sunderland recorded the 38th highest average attendance in world football with an average of 39,249 fans at the Stadium of Light. Sunderland's average attendance were higher over that period than perennial title challengers such as Juventus F.C. in Italy and FC Porto in Portugal.[6][7] Despite relegation from the Premier League in 2017 the club has continued to post large annual average attendance figures, recording over 30,000 for the 2019 and 2020 seasons, enough for 16th in the country.[8][9] Following relegation from the The Championship at the end of the 2018 season, Sunderland broke the League One division attendance record on 26 December 2018 in a match against Bradford City with a total of 46,039 fans.[10][11][12]

According to the club there are over 70 branches of official Supporters' Clubs in England and around the world, including North Korea.[13][14] The Official clubs are represented collectively by a Branch Liaison Council that was formed in the 1970's.[15] In addition the club has had a SAFC Liaison Group (SLG) since 1994 that works with fans on club issues and an independent supporters group, the Red & White Army (RAWA).[16][17]

The fans most enduring fanzines is A Love Supreme. The fanzine was first published in 1989 and has won several awards for best Fanzine.[18] Since 2010 the online fanzine Roker Report has operated on the SB Nation blogging network.[19]

Nicknames

Main article: Mackem

Supporters of A.F.C. Sunderland have historically been named Mackems as are the populace of the city. However, during their near 100 year history at Roker Park the fans were commonly known as Miners, The Light Brigade,[20] Rokerites, Rokermen, Roker Men or derivatives of.[5][4] The old nicknames became obsolete after the club left Roker Park for the Stadium of Light in 1997 but have stayed in use.

In 2000 a public vote was held on an official nickname for the club, the outcome of which was the nickname of 'The Black Cats'.[5][4] The imagery of a black cat has long been associated with the club, starting with a black cat that was found at Roker Park in 1909 and then remained to live there,[21] and was used throughout the club's history on club merchandise and supporters' clubs prior to becoming official.[5][4]

Attendance records

Sunderland held the seventh highest average home attendance out of the 20 clubs in the Premier League at the end of the 2013–14 season with an average of 41,089,[22] and held the sixth highest average attendance in the 2014–15 season with an average of over 43,000.[23]

Politics

According to a YouGov poll in 2014, supporters of Sunderland showed a tendency towards left politics.[24]

In 2013 the club appointed Paolo Di Canio as manager. Di Canio was long associated with Italian Fascism having spoke generously of Benito Mussolini in his 2001 autobiography.[25][26][27] During the 2010 season he was pictured giving the Roman salute salute while playing for S.S. Lazio against clubs considered to have left leaning politics.[28][29][30]

In response to his appointment club Vice Chairman David Miliband resigned.[31] The appointment also met with opposition from the Durham Miners' Association which threatened to remove one of its mining banners from Sunderland's Stadium of Light.[32][33][34][35]

Songs

A song heard in every match is one to the chorus of "Can't Help Falling in Love" by Elvis Presley, with "Sunderland" being sang repeatedly after "but I can't help falling in love with you."[36]

During Gus Poyet's tenure, Sunderland fans started singing "Things Can Only Get Better" by D:Ream.[36][37] Supporters of Sunderland launched a campaign to get the song back into the chart, to coincide with their team's Capital One Cup Final on 2 March 2014 at Wembley Stadium. On 3 March 2014, the song re entered in the UK Dance Chart at No. 19.[38][39][40]

Two of the most famous chants by Sunderland supporters are "I'm Sunderland till I die..." and "We're by far the greatest team, the World has ever seen" - with the former being chosen as the title of the Netflix show Sunderland 'Til I Die.[41][42][43][44] One of the oldest Sunderland chants is "Ha'way the lads..." which was sang at Sunderland games as far back as the 1960s.[45]

In 2018 television producers and Sunderland fans Ben Turner, Gabe Turner and Leo Pearlman co-produced the Netflix documentary series Sunderland 'Til I Die with their production company Fulwell 73.[46] The "Fulwell End" was the name of a stand at Roker Park and "73" is a reference to the 1973 FA Cup Final, the last time the club won a major trophy.[47] The production company had been linked with a takeover of the club in 2017 but had pulled out prior to the start of filming.[46]

The show ran for two seasons and was a behind the scenes fly on the wall documentary following the trials and tribulations of the club following their relegation from the Premier League, often featuring the perspective of fans of the club.[48][48][49][50]

Friendships and rivalries

Traditionally, Sunderland's main rivals are Newcastle United, with whom they contest the Tyne–Wear derby. Sunderland also shares a rivalry with Middlesbrough, commonly known as the Tees–Wear derby. The club shared a rivalry with the now defunct Sunderland Albion in the 1880s and 1890s, a breakaway club formed by Sunderland's founder James Allan.[51] In recent seasons the club has also developed a minor rivalry with Portsmouth, mainly stemming from the clubs meeting each other 5 times in the 18/19 season.[52] Conversely, sections of fans share a mutual friendship with Dutch club Feyenoord; this was developed after Wearside shipbuilders found jobs in Rotterdam during the 1970s and 80s.[53][54][55]

The club also has good relations with Norwich City, matches between the two clubs being known as the Friendship Trophy, following good rapport in the 1985 Milk Cup final.[56]

Hooliganism

Main article: Seaburn Casuals

The most famous hooligan firm is the Seaburn Casuals, named after the Seaburn area near Roker Park stadium, even though early hooligan firms of Sunderland fans appeared as far back as the 1970s and the 1980s, like the Vauxies (named after the Vaux Breweries), who were active in the late 1970s and early 1980s.[57]

At the end of the 1999–2000 and the 2002–03 seasons, Sunderland topped the hooliganism table in the Premier League with 223 and 154 fan arrests, respectively.[58][59] According to official data released by the Football Banning Order Authority, Sunderland's fanbase was named third most dangerous in English football in 2013–14, and in particular, a group called The Sunderland Youth Firm was noted in the context of its clashes with West Ham United fans.[60]

Before the 1998 FIFA World Cup, 26 Seaburn Casuals hooligans were arrested in a police raid after a military-issue smoke bomb was let out at a local pub after a fight with bouncers. By the end of the operation, over 60 were facing charges. Some of the Seaburn Casuals hooligans picked up in the raid were also involved with neo-Nazi groups like Combat 18. The operation failed when judge ruled CCTV footage from the pub inadmissible.[57]

In March 2002, the Seaburn Casuals fought with hooligans from the Newcastle Gremlins in a pre-arranged clash near the North Shields Ferry terminal, in what was described as "some of the worst football related fighting ever witnessed in the United Kingdom".[61] The leaders of the Gremlins and Casuals were both jailed for four years for conspiracy, with 28 others jailed for various terms, based on evidence gained after police examined the messages sent by mobile phone between the gang members on the day.[62]

Notable supporters

Notable supporters with verifiable citations confirming their support or allegiance for Sunderland are listed.

Athletes

Business

Comedians

Film

Music

Politicians

Television personalities

Writers and journalists

See also

References

  1. ^ "Club History". Sunderland A.F.C. Archived from the original on 6 April 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
  2. ^ "Why are Sunderland called the Black Cats? Wearsiders' nickname explained". ChronicleLive. 4 February 2020.
  3. ^ Turnbull, Simon (25 March 1997). "Going back to the future". The Independent.
  4. ^ a b c d "Black Cats Nickname". Sunderland A.F.C. Archived from the original on 25 July 2009. Retrieved 19 September 2008.
  5. ^ a b c d Ross, Ian; Sills, Adam (22 February 2000). "Sunderland find new identity as The Black Cats". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  6. ^ Rayner, Stuart (13 April 2019). "Sunderland harnessing fanbase bigger than Valencia, Porto and Juventus". ChronicleLive.
  7. ^ "CIES Football Observatory Monthly Report n°44 - April 2019 Attendances in football stadia (2003-2018)". CIES. 10 April 2018.
  8. ^ "The amazing Sunderland attendance statistic which shows how loyal Black Cats fans are". Chronicle Live. 14 October 2019.
  9. ^ "The astonishing average attendances of England's biggest clubs - where do Sunderland AFC rank?". Sunderland Echo. 6 April 2020.
  10. ^ "Sunderland break League One attendance record". Chronicle Live. 26 December 2018.
  11. ^ "What is Sunderland's home attendance record?". Chronicle Live. 23 August 2018.
  12. ^ "Sunderland record biggest attendance outside of Premier League with EFL crowds reaching 60-year high". TalkSport. 9 May 2019.
  13. ^ "SAFC Supporters Branches". www.SAFC.com.
  14. ^ Pilnick, Brent (4 March 2019). "Sunderland's North Korea fan club: Supporter aims to build fan base". BBC Sport. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  15. ^ "SAFC Branch Liaison Council". www.SAFC.com.
  16. ^ "SAFC Liaison Group". www.SAFC.com.
  17. ^ "About:RAWA". www.redandwhitearmy.co.uk.
  18. ^ "A Love Supreme — The Independent Sunderland Football Club Fanzine". ALS Publications. Retrieved 19 September 2008.
  19. ^ Gav, Editor (25 April 2018). "Roker Report shortlisted as a finalist in Football Blogging Awards - we need YOUR votes!". Roker Report. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  20. ^ https://hillam.org.uk/cat-history.html
  21. ^ https://hillam.org.uk/cat-history.html
  22. ^ "Barclays Premier League Team Attendance Statistics – 2011–12". ESPN. 13 May 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
  23. ^ Brus, Mark. "Ten Highest Premier League Attendances For 2014/15, With Arsenal 2nd & Liverpool 5th". CaughtOffside. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  24. ^ Campbell, Paul (18 November 2014). "Are you an average fan? Find out with YouGov's Premier League profiles". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
  25. ^ "PAOLO DI CANIO - L'AUTOBIOGRAFIA" (in Italian). www.libreriadellosport.it. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  26. ^ "Paolo Di Canio: 'My life speaks for me'". The Independent. London. 11 December 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
  27. ^ Duff, Mark (9 January 2005). "Footballer's 'fascist salute' row". BBC News. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
  28. ^ Fenton, Ben (24 December 2005). "I'm a fascist, not a racist, says Paolo di Canio". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
  29. ^ Kassimeris, Christos (2008). European football in black and white: tackling racism in football. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 70. ISBN 9780739119600.
  30. ^ Bar-On, Tamir (2007). Where have all the fascists gone?. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 1. ISBN 9780754671541.
  31. ^ "Di Canio: David Miliband quits Sunderland role". BBC News. 1 April 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
  32. ^ Daunt, Joe. "Durham Miners' Association: Our Issues With Di Canio At Sunderland Now Resolved". Sky Tyne and Wear. Archived from the original on 25 June 2013. Retrieved 24 April 2013.
  33. ^ Taylor, Matthew (2 April 2013). "Sunderland miners demand return of banner after Paolo Di Canio's arrival". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
  34. ^ "Miners' Di Canio protest 'will only end with Sunderland campaign support'". BBC News. 6 April 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
  35. ^ "Miners join opposition to Paolo Di Canio's appointment at Sunderland". The Independent. London. 2 April 2013.
  36. ^ a b Johns, Craig (3 October 2018). "Sunderland AFC chants: Memorable songs from supporters of the Black Cats". ChronicleLive.
  37. ^ "Things could only get better at Sunderland". ESPN.com. 8 May 2014.
  38. ^ "Campaign to get 1990s Sunderland anthem Things Can Only Get Better to No1". Sunderland Echo. 24 February 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
  39. ^ David Boyle (12 January 2014). "Adam Johnson puts stunning Sunderland in D:Ream-land | Metro News". Metro.co.uk. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
  40. ^ WeAreWearside (26 February 2014). "Dare to D:Ream - Interview with Band Member Al Mackenzie On SAFC Campaign". wearewearside.com. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
  41. ^ White, Peter (4 March 2020). "Netflix Sets Premiere For Season Two Of Soccer Doc Series 'Sunderland 'Til I Die'".
  42. ^ Gibson, Sarah (20 December 2018). "Bid to Get 'Sunderland Till I Die' Tune to Christmas Number 1".
  43. ^ "Graduate's bid to get Sunderland 'Til I Die theme Shipyards to top of charts". University of Sunderland. 17 December 2018.
  44. ^ "How the makers of Sunderland 'Til I Die turned failure into an art form". British GQ.
  45. ^ "Ha'way the Lads". Sunderland Association Football Club. 17 October 2018.
  46. ^ a b Johns, Craig (19 June 2017). "Who are the Fulwell73 trio who have pulled out of buying Sunderland AFC from Ellis Short?". chroniclelive.co.uk. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  47. ^ "Sunderland documentary series to be released in December". BBC Sport. 23 August 2018. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
  48. ^ a b Bartlett, Evan (2 April 2020). "Sunderland 'Til I Die season 2 review: A brilliant, painful insight into the life of a Black Cats fan". inews.co.uk.
  49. ^ White, Peter (4 March 2020). "Netflix Sets Premiere For Season Two Of Soccer Doc Series 'Sunderland 'Til I Die'".
  50. ^ Gibson, Sarah (20 December 2018). "Bid to Get 'Sunderland Till I Die' Tune to Christmas Number 1".
  51. ^ "End Days". End Days. 15 April 2011. doi:10.5040/9781580818070.
  52. ^ Tighe, Sean (16 May 2019). "Sunderland vs Portsmouth: A story of red cards, penalties and a simmering rivalry". Evening Chronicle. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  53. ^ Lawley, Charles (2 August 2013). "7 Friendships Between Football Clubs". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
  54. ^ https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1724981-7-friendships-between-football-clubs
  55. ^ https://rokerreport.sbnation.com/2018/11/22/18107742/meet-the-branches-chatting-to-the-boisterous-feyenoord-mackems-branch-of-sunderland-supporters
  56. ^ Moore, Nick (15 April 2016). "What the heck is the Friendship Trophy? Football's oddest closed cup competitions". FourFourTwo. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  57. ^ a b "1. Hobbits and Hooligans", Against Democracy, Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 1–22, 31 December 2016, doi:10.1515/9781400882939-002, ISBN 978-1-4008-8293-9, retrieved 9 September 2020
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  62. ^ "Calls that led to bloodbath". Evening Chronicle. 14 March 2002. Retrieved 19 May 2008.
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  85. ^ Freeman, Sarah (20 September 2006). "High expectations for singer Tasmin's return". Yorkshire Post. Retrieved 23 August 2012. I needed to do something creative which had an end result. If you have writer's block, obsessing about it is the worst thing you can do and I knew that whatever else happened I had to get on with things. My partner John is a massive Sunderland fan; I went with him to a game and, that was it, I was hooked. Turning to football didn't cure the writer's block, but it helped. In the end there was no Eureka moment, it just gradually lifted. Suddenly I was able to finish all those half-written songs.
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