Jump to content

Megalopolis (film)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Middle 8 (talk | contribs) at 17:58, 17 May 2024 (fmt - add missing [). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Megalopolis
File:Megalopolis film logo.jpg
Directed byFrancis Ford Coppola
Written byFrancis Ford Coppola
Produced by
  • Francis Ford Coppola
  • Michael Bederman
  • Barry Hirsch
  • Fred Roos
Starring
CinematographyMihai Mălaimare Jr.
Edited by
Music byOsvaldo Golijov
Production
company
Release date
  • May 16, 2024 (2024-05-16) (Cannes)
Running time
138 minutes[1]
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$120 million

Megalopolis is a 2024 American science fiction drama film written, directed, and produced by Francis Ford Coppola. Set in an imagined modern-day New York City following a devastating disaster, the film features an ensemble cast, including Adam Driver, Giancarlo Esposito, Nathalie Emmanuel, Aubrey Plaza, Shia LaBeouf, Jon Voight, Jason Schwartzman, Talia Shire, Grace VanderWaal, Laurence Fishburne, Kathryn Hunter, and Dustin Hoffman.

A longtime passion project for Coppola, who first conceived the idea for the film in 1977 and actively started developing it in 1983, Megalopolis underwent significant delays and numerous cancellations over the years. Coppola revived the project in 2019 by spending $120 million of his own money on the film. Filming took place from November 2022 to March 2023. The film is Coppola's first directorial effort since Twixt (2011), marking his longest gap between films.

The film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 77th Cannes Film Festival, where it premiered on May 16, 2024, and polarized critics.

Premise

An accident destroys a decaying metropolis called New Rome. Cesar Catilina, an idealist architect with the power to control time, aims to rebuild it as a sustainable utopia, while his opposition, corrupt Mayor Franklyn Cicero, remains committed to a regressive status quo. Torn between them is Franklyn's socialite daughter, Julia, who, tired of the influence she inherited, searches for her life's meaning.[1][3][4][5]

Cast

Credits adapted from the film's entry on the Cannes Film Festival website.[1]

Production

Development

Filmmaker Francis Ford Coppola at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival in Cannes, France.
Writer, director, and producer Francis Ford Coppola in 2001

Growing up in New York, Francis Ford Coppola was fascinated by science fiction films such as Fritz Lang's Metropolis (1927) and William Cameron Menzies's Things to Come (1936) and the scientific community's history with dangerous experiments.[4] Coppola conceived the overall idea for Megalopolis towards the end of filming Apocalypse Now (1979) in 1977. Sound designer Richard Beggs described Coppola's vision as a "gigantic opera, shown over four nights in some place as close as possible to the geographical center of the United States – and people would come from all over, as they do to Bayreuth".[11]: 181 [12]: 50 

Coppola devoted the beginning of 1983 to writing the screenplay, assembling four hundred pages of notes and script fragments in two months.[13]: 333  Over the next four decades, he collected clippings and notes for a scrapbook detailing intriguing subjects he envisioned incorporating into a future screenplay, like political cartoons and different historical subjects, before deciding to make a Roman epic film set in modern America.[4] In mid-1983, he described the plot as taking place in one day in New York City with Catiline Rome as a backdrop, similar to how James Joyce's modernist novel Ulysses (1922) used Homer in the context of modern Dublin and how he had updated the setting of Joseph Conrad's novella Heart of Darkness (1899) from the late 1800s amid the European colonial rule in Africa to the 1970s Vietnam War for Apocalypse Now.[4][14]: 74 [15]: 215 

In January 1989, Coppola announced his intentions to endeavor on Le Ribellion di Catilina, a film "so big and complicated it would seem impossible," which biographer Michael Schumacher said "sounded much like what he had in store for Megalopolis".[13]: 409–410  It was to be shot in Cinecittà, a large film studio in Rome, Italy, where production designer Dean Tavoularis and his design team had built offices and an art studio for drafters to storyboard the film.[16]: 266 [17]: 234  The Hollywood Reporter described it as "swing[ing] from the past to the present," merging "the images of Rome ... with the New York of today".[13]: 410  Following the 1990–91 film awards season for The Godfather Part III (1990), Coppola's production company, American Zoetrope, announced several projects in development, including plans to film Megalopolis in 1991, despite lacking a finished script.[13]: 436  However, the film was postponed to "no earlier than 1996" after Coppola found himself prioritizing other projects, including Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992), Jack (1996), and The Rainmaker (1997), to get out of debt accumulated from One from the Heart (1982) and Tucker: The Man and His Dream (1988) and fund Megalopolis.[13]: 444 [18]: 110 [19]

"Do films the same way Ingmar Bergman did them, with a little group of collaborators that you know, making a script that you wrote. Otherwise, you will finally get beaten down by the fact that you are making things that you are not really interested in, from a script that you don't fully understand, by means that you don't approve of. The question is: Can you make bigger films, like Megalopolis or Cure, in that way? Certainly, the determining factor is the cast, because with a star cast comes the financing ..."

— Francis Ford Coppola, diary entry (August 15, 1992)[20]: 28 

In 2001, Coppola held table reads in a production office in Park Slope, Brooklyn, with actors including Nicolas Cage (Coppola's nephew), Russell Crowe, Robert De Niro, Leonardo DiCaprio, Edie Falco, James Gandolfini, Jon Hamm, Paul Newman, Al Pacino, Kevin Spacey, and Uma Thurman.[4][21][22] Other actors considered for roles included Matt Dillon, approached during the filming of Rumble Fish (1983) for the role of a cadet who goes AWOL, and Parker Posey, though Coppola dispelled rumors that he had written a part specifically for Warren Beatty.[16]: 262 [23][24] Jim Steranko, who previously created production illustrations for Bram Stoker's Dracula, produced concept art for Megalopolis at Coppola's behest, described in James Romberger's master's thesis as "expansive, elaborate and carefully rendered pencil or charcoal halftone architectural drawings of huge buildings and urban plazas that appeared to mix ancient Roman, art deco and speculative sci-fi stylizations".[12]: 54  Locations proposed for filming included Montreal and New York, with an anticipated budget between $50 and 80 million.[16]: 263 [24][25] That year, Coppola and cinematographer Ron Fricke recorded second unit footage of New York City, thinking it would be simpler to do so before principal photography, with the 24-frames per second digital camera that George Lucas used for Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999). After the September 11 attacks, during which Coppola and his team were location scouting in New York, the roughly 30 hours of footage was stashed, including more material they shot two weeks after, due to its resemblance to the script, which involved a Soviet satellite crashing into Earth.[4][12]: 54 [16]: 263 [25][26] "I feel as though history has come to my doorstep," Coppola said in October, declaring his plans to rewrite the film.[25] In 2002, he shot sixty to seventy hours of second unit footage in Manhattan on high-definition video that Lucas described as "wide shots of cities with incredible detail at magic hour and all kinds of available-light material".[16]: 263 [27][28]: xv [29]: 82  He also disclosed his intent to self-finance the film, still in place as his next project, having become disheartened making films to pay off his debt to Hollywood.[23][30]

Production on the film eventually halted. The success of his winery and resorts meant Coppola could produce the film with his own money, which his friend Wendy Doniger said "paralyzed him": "He had no excuse this time if the film was no good. What froze him was having the power to do exactly what he wanted so that his soul was on the line."[31] In 2005, she gave him books that she deemed thematically relevant, including Mircea Eliade's Youth Without Youth (1976), a novella about a 70-year-old man struggling to complete an ambitious project. Coppola then decided to shelve Megalopolis to self-finance a small-scale adaptation of the book, intended to be "the opposite of Megalopolis".[29]: 85 [31]

In 2007, Coppola admitted that 9/11 "made it really pretty tough ... a movie about the aspiration of utopia with New York as a main character and then all of a sudden you couldn't write about New York without just dealing with what happened and the implications of what happened. The world was attacked and I didn't know how to try to do with that. I tried".[19] In 2009, in regards to the likelihood of revisiting the film, he said: "I feel pleased to have written something ... Someday, I'll read what I had on Megalopolis and maybe I'll think different of it, but it's also a movie that costs a lot of money to make and there's not a patron out there. You see what the studios are making right now."[32] In line with his films The Godfather (1972) and Bram Stoker's Dracula, where he credited Mario Puzo and Bram Stoker as the original writers, respectively, Coppola contemplated branding the film with his name as Francis Ford Coppola's Megalopolis, with the subtitle All Roads Lead to Rome, but decided against it.[4]

Pre-production

On April 3, 2019, Coppola announced his return to the project, having approached Jude Law and Shia LaBeouf for lead roles.[33][26] Coppola reportedly spent $120 million of his own money to produce the film, having sold a "significant piece of his wine empire" in Northern California.[4][34] By August 2021, discussions with actors to star in the film had begun; James Caan was set to star, while Cate Blanchett, Oscar Isaac, Jessica Lange, Michelle Pfeiffer, Jon Voight, Forest Whitaker, and Zendaya were in various stages of negotiations.[35] Towards the end of the year, Nathalie Emmanuel auditioned over Zoom while filming The Invitation (2022) in Budapest. She described Coppola having her participate in an acting exercise, selecting a line from a famous work and reciting it in different contexts.[36] By March 2022, Talia Shire (Coppola's sister) expressed her interest in joining the cast, and Isaac was reported to have passed on the project.[37][38] By May, the budget was reported to be under $100 million, while Emmanuel, Voight, and Whitaker were confirmed for the cast, with Adam Driver and Laurence Fishburne added.[39] On July 6, Caan, who was still in negotiations for the film, died.[40][41]

The cast of Megalopolis
Adam Driver at the Tokyo premiere of Star Wars: The Last Jedi in 2017
Giancarlo Esposito at GalaxyCon Austin in 2023
Nathalie Emmanuel at San Diego Comic-Con in 2017
Aubrey Plaza at WonderCon in 2019
Shia LaBeouf in 2014
Jon Voight in 2012
Jason Schwartzman at Berlinale in 2024
Talia Shire in 1977
Grace VanderWaal performing live at the Grammy Museum in 2018
Laurence Fishburne co-hosting the National Memorial Day Concert in 2017
Top: Adam Driver, Giancarlo Esposito, and Nathalie Emmanuel

Middle: Aubrey Plaza, Shia LaBeouf, and Jon Voight

Bottom: Jason Schwartzman, Talia Shire, Grace VanderWaal, and Laurence Fishburne

Mihai Mălaimare Jr. served as cinematographer. He previously shot Coppola's Youth Without Youth, Tetro (2009), and Twixt (2011).[42] Pre-production had begun by August 2022; Kathryn Hunter, Aubrey Plaza, James Remar, Jason Schwartzman (Coppola's nephew and Shire's son), and Grace VanderWaal joined the cast, with LaBeouf and Shire confirmed to be part of the cast.[43][44] Plaza similarly auditioned over Zoom during the production of the second season of The White Lotus while staying at the San Domenico, the same hotel in Italy that Coppola resided in during the filming of The Godfather. Before the meeting, Coppola had emailed her the entire script, asking her to consider it before auditioning.[45] Chloe Fineman, Madeleine Gardella, Dustin Hoffman, Bailey Ives, Isabelle Kusman, and D. B. Sweeney would be added in October.[46] In January 2023, Giancarlo Esposito was confirmed to star.[47] VanderWaal, whom Coppola met through her father, wrote original songs for the film.[48]

In a series of Instagram posts in July 2023, Coppola shared a list of books that the film had been heavily influenced by, including Bullshit Jobs (2018), The Dawn of Everything (2021), and Debt: The First 5000 Years (2011) by David Graeber; The Chalice and the Blade (1987) by Riane Eisler; The Glass Bead Game (1943) by Hermann Hesse; The Origins of Political Order (2011) by Francis Fukuyama; The Swerve (2011) by Stephen Greenblatt; and The War Lovers (2010) by Evan Thomas.[49] The character of Cesar was based on Catiline and renamed at Mary Beard's suggestion that Julius Caesar had ties with Catiline and was far more known among audiences. Coppola said the character was inspired by Robert Moses as portrayed in Robert Caro's biography The Power Broker (1974) and architects like Frank Lloyd Wright, Raymond Loewy, Norman Bel Geddes, and Walter Gropius. Coppola also researched the Claus von Bülow murder case, the Mary Cunningham-William Agee Bendix Corporation scandal, the emergence of New York Stock Exchange reporter Maria Bartiromo, the history of Studio 54, and Felix Rohatyn's solution for the New York City fiscal crisis of 1975.[4]

The COVID-19 pandemic delayed the start of production. Before filming began, a week of rehearsals took place with theater-style exercises, much like the one Emmanuel described having in her audition.[36] Plaza described Coppola's workshop-style approach as allowing actors to improvise and provide feedback to the script, adding: "We wrote scenes and we conducted ourselves like a theater troupe, me and Jon Voight and Shia [LaBeouf]. We were writing scenes and giving them to the script supervisor. And then she would give them to Francis and sometimes he would like it and put it in. But every day he wanted to play. He ran it like it was a theater camp. There were games all day, and we were in character the whole time."[45]

Filming

Megalopolis was shot at Trilith Studios in Georgia from 2022 to 2023

Principal photography began on November 1, 2022, in Atlanta, particularly at Trilith Studios.[50][51] It was to be the first film shot on Trilith Studios' Prysm Stage, an LED virtual production volume, but due to budget constraints, the production pivoted to a "less costly, more traditional greenscreen approach".[52][53][54] In reference to ancient Rome, some male actors donned Caesar cuts.[55] For the production, Coppola bought a closed drive-in motel to reside in and accommodate his extended family.[56]

For Plaza, the last two weeks of the shoot overlapped with her role on the television miniseries Agatha All Along (2024). The two projects were shot on the same lot, so she was allowed to do both.[45] Driver finished shooting his part in early March and filming wrapped on March 30, 2023.[57][58] In August 2023, during the SAG-AFTRA strike, the film received an interim agreement from the union, possibly for reshoots.[59][60]

Alleged conflicts on set

Plaza spoke positively about Coppola's willingness to experiment and how sometimes "all of a sudden, he would have another idea. And then all of a sudden, we're shooting in a different location we didn't even plan to shoot. And then the whole day goes by and you're like, 'I had no idea any of that was going to happen'".[45] Others described that approach as "exasperating", as Coppola was hesitant to decide how the film's world should look. One crew member recalled: "He would often show up in the mornings before these big sequences and because no plan had been put in place, and because he wouldn't allow his collaborators to put a plan in place, he would often just sit in his trailer for hours on end, wouldn't talk to anybody, was often smoking marijuana ... And hours and hours would go by without anything being filmed. And the crew and the cast would all stand around and wait. And then he'd come out and whip up something that didn't make sense, and that didn't follow anything anybody had spoken about or anything that was on the page, and we'd all just go along with it, trying to make the best out of it."[56]

On December 9, 2022, Coppola fired most of the visual effects team, with the rest of the department, including supervisor Mark Russell, soon following. By January 2023, the film was halfway into filming when reports indicated the budget ballooned higher than its original $120 million, which The Hollywood Reporter compared to Coppola's history of challenging productions, most notoriously Apocalypse Now.[54] Due to the reported "unstable filming environment", several crew members exited the film, including production designer Beth Mickle and art director David Scott, along with the art department.[54] Coppola and Driver contested the report, saying that while there was some turnover in crew, the production was on schedule, on budget, and going smoothly.[61]

Along with difficulties with Coppola's "old-school" approach to filmmaking, spending work days completing shots practically, crew members described the filmmaker as "unpleasant", alleging that he pulled women to sit on his lap and tried to kiss female extras to "get them in the mood". Executive co-producer Darren Demetre responded to the allegations against Coppola, stating: "There were two days when we shot a celebratory Studio 54-esque club scene where Francis walked around the set to establish the spirit of the scene by giving kind hugs and kisses on the cheek to the cast and background players. It was his way to help inspire and establish the club atmosphere ... I was never aware of any complaints of harassment or ill behaviour during the course of the project."[56]

Post-production

In 2006, Osvaldo Golijov, who composed the music for Youth Without Youth (2007), said Coppola had asked him to write a symphony for Megalopolis that would have "dictated the rhythm of the film".[62] He would eventually compose the score.[63] In February 2024, Coppola recorded the score with the Hungarian National Philharmonic in Budapest.[64]

Themes

In 1999, Coppola described the film as setting the characters of the Catilinarian conspiracy in modern New York, saying: "In many ways what it's really about is a metaphor—because if you walk around New York and look around, you could make Rome there", adding: "Ultimately what's at stake is the future, because it takes the premise that the future, the shape of things to come, is being determined today, by the interests that are vying for control ... we already know what happened to Rome. Rome became a fascist Empire. Is that what we're going to become?"[65] In 2022, he said the film had an optimistic look at humanity, and the intuitive goodness in people even in a divided climate.[66] In 2024, Coppola said: "I wondered whether the traditional portrayal of Catiline as 'evil' and Cicero as 'good' was necessarily true", and described the film as a commentary for the United States, under the belief that the country's founders borrowed from Roman law to develop their democratic government without a king.[4]

Release

Coppola saw the film in full for the first time on an IMAX screen at the company's headquarters in Playa Vista, Los Angeles. The film used camera technology for certain sequences that could cover an entire IMAX screen.[55] On March 28, 2024, a private screening of the film was presented to distributors at the Universal CityWalk IMAX Theater in Hollywood.[67]

The film premiered at the 77th Cannes Film Festival on May 16, 2024, having secured a spot to compete for the Palme d'Or, where it received a 7-minute standing ovation, with Coppola interrupting to make a speech.[3][68][69][70] Both the private industry screening and the Cannes premiere had a person walk on stage in front of the film screen and ask the protagonist, Cesar, questions during a scene featuring a press conference; the film then depicts Cesar seemingly breaking the fourth wall by replying in real time.[7]

Distribution

Coppola and his longtime attorney Barry Hirsch, a producer on the film, said they would not decide where to debut the film until a distribution partner was secured and a firm rollout plan was put in place.[67] However, the "muted" response to the first screening made securing a distributor difficult for the film as studios weighed the return on investment, as Coppola expected a studio to commit to a print-and-advertising (P&A) campaign of $80–100 million and for producers to receive half of the film's revenues.[55][71] A distribution veteran told The Hollywood Reporter: "I find it hard to believe any distributor would put up cash money and stay in first position to recoup the P&A as well as their distribution fee. If [Coppola] is willing to put up the P&A or backstop the spend, I think there would be a lot more interested parties."[55] Coppola's initial plan to forgo working with a sales agent was, thus, altered, with the company Goodfellas handling international sales; Le Pacte, for France, became the first to acquire distribution rights to a foreign market, though without rights to paid video on demand or streaming options.[72][73][74][75] At Cannes, Coppola criticized the studio system and likened a streaming option of a home video release, adding: "I fear that the film industry has become more a matter of people being hired to meet their debt obligations ... The job is not such much to make good movies — the job is to make sure that they pay their debt obligations ... New companies, like Amazon and Apple and Microsoft, they have plenty of money. So it might be that the studios that we knew for so long are not be here in the future anymore."[76][77][78] The film is expected to receive a limited global IMAX release.[79]

Promotion

In March 2023, Syzygy Publishing announced their collaboration with Coppola on a graphic novel tie-in to the film; written by Chris Ryall and artwork by Jacob Phillips, this will be the first graphic novel of a Coppola film.[80] Additionally, the late author Colleen McCullough, whose book series Masters of Rome (1990–2007) partially inspired Megalopolis, wrote the novelization of the film.[81] Both novels will accompany the film's release, along with a behind-the-scenes documentary, directed by Mike Figgis, that features interviews with Spike Lee, George Lucas, Martin Scorsese, and Steven Spielberg.[82][83][84] Coppola revealed on Instagram that "all three projects are independent" of him, but based on his "many scripts and ideas over the decades".[85]

Critical reception

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 46% of 26 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 4.8/10.[86] On review aggregator Metacritic, the film holds a weighted average score of 61 out of 100, based on 15 critics, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.[87]

The early industry screening resulted in reactions considered divisive while some were mixed, though others were primarily of general bewilderment.[a] Many attendees praised LaBeouf's performance as one of the antagonists but left questioning the film's commercial viability.[55][94] Deadline Hollywood's Mike Fleming Jr., more receptive toward the screening, praised the film's runtime and ambition, writing that it is "crackling with ideas that fuse the past with the future, with an epic and highly visual fable that plays perfectly on an IMAX screen".[67] The film was further described as reminiscent of the works of author Ayn Rand, particularly The Fountainhead (1943), and the films Metropolis (1927) and Caligula (1979), and about a civilization teetering on a "precarious ledge, devouring itself in a whirl of unchecked greed, self-absorption, and political propaganda".[90][95] Fellow director Gregory Nava called it "a visionary masterpiece", complimenting the acting of LaBeouf and Esposito as "particularly sterling", adding: "It's an unbelievable, astonishing film, and [Coppola] is pushing the boundaries of cinema ... [Coppola] has used visual effects, and things that before have simply been limited to superhero movies, in a way to evoke other kinds of emotions."[96] Coppola optimistically compared the polarizing responses to the film to the initial reactions to Apocalypse Now four decades prior.[96] Bilge Ebiri of Vulture criticized studio heads and executives who publicly bashed the film.[97] Likewise, The Independent's Geoffrey Macnab wrote, "Did they want to see [Coppola] fall on his face? That was the impression given by some of the more snide post-screening remarks. It was as if the Hollywood executives were looking for payback for all those past occasions when Coppola had criticised their way of doing business."[98] Furthermore, many journalists expressed fascination and concern regarding the film's success, labeling it a potential box office and critical failure, while others debated whether it could be Coppola's masterpiece.[b]

The film received a similar response from critics at the Cannes Film Festival; some critics considered it incoherent and self-indulgent, while others labeled it audacious and praised its visuals.[c] Variety's Ellise Shafer and Matt Donnelly summarized: "Though reactions have been mixed, the film was undoubtedly jam-packed with scenes that ranged from visionary to just plain puzzling."[111]

Notes

  1. ^ Attributed to multiple sources: [88][89][90][91][92][93]
  2. ^ Attributed to multiple sources: [99][100][101][102][103][104]
  3. ^ Attributed to multiple sources: [105][106][107][108][109][110]

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Megalopolis". Festival de Cannes. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
  2. ^ "Glen Scantlebury, ACE Resume" (PDF). Murtha Skouras Agency. March 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 21, 2023. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  3. ^ a b Fleming, Mike Jr. (April 9, 2024). "Francis Coppola's Megalopolis Locks Competition Slot at 77th Cannes Film Festival: The Dish". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on April 9, 2024. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Breznican, Anthony (April 30, 2024). "Francis Ford Coppola's Megalopolis: An Exclusive First Look at the Director's Retro-Futurist Epic". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on April 30, 2024. Retrieved April 30, 2024.
  5. ^ Piña, Christy (May 4, 2024). "Adam Driver Controls Time in First-Look Clip for Francis Ford Coppola's Megalopolis". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 4, 2024.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Wise, Damon (May 16, 2024). "Megalopolis Review: Francis Ford Coppola's Mad Modern Masterwork Reinvents the Possibilities of Cinema – Cannes Film Festival". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
  7. ^ a b Ebiri, Bilge (May 16, 2024). "Megalopolis is a Work of Absolute Madness". Vulture. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Rooney, David (May 16, 2024). "Megalopolis Review: Francis Ford Coppola's Passion Project Starring Adam Driver is a Staggeringly Ambitious Big Swing, if Nothing Else". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
  9. ^ Macnab, Geoffrey (May 17, 2024). "Megalopolis, Cannes review: Francis Ford Coppola's $120m Self-Funded Epic is No Car Crash". The Independent. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
  10. ^ Shaw, Angel (January 15, 2024). "A $120 Million Movie That's Been in the Works for 40 Years is 2024's Riskiest Sci-Fi". Screen Rant. Retrieved May 13, 2024.
  11. ^ Cowie, Peter (April 20, 2001). The Apocalypse Now Book. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81046-8. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  12. ^ a b c Romberger, James H. (September 2017). The Conflict of Progressive and Conservative Tendencies in the Film Work of Steranko (M.A. thesis). CUNY Academic Works. Archived from the original on February 21, 2023. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  13. ^ a b c d e Schumacher, Michael (October 19, 1999). Francis Ford Coppola: A Filmmaker's Life. Crown Publishing Group. ISBN 0-517-70445-5. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  14. ^ Thomson, David; Gray, Lucy (September–October 1983). "Idols of the King" (PDF). Film Comment. 19 (5): 61–75. JSTOR 43452924. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  15. ^ Chown, Jeffrey (May 20, 1988). Hollywood Auteur: Francis Coppola. Praeger. ISBN 0-275-92910-8. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  16. ^ a b c d e Clarke, James (January 1, 2003). Virgin Film: Coppola. Virgin Pub. ISBN 0-7535-0866-4. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  17. ^ Cowie, Peter (August 22, 1994). Coppola: A Biography. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80598-1. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  18. ^ Cowie, Peter (January 1, 1997). The Godfather Book. Gardners Books. ISBN 0-571-19011-1. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  19. ^ a b Knowles, Harry (May 8, 2007). "Harry sits down in Austin with Francis Ford Coppola and talks Youth Without Youth, Seventies film, Wine, Tetro, and the Coppolas". Ain't It Cool News. Archived from the original on November 14, 2022. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
  20. ^ Boorman, John (January 1, 1994). Projections 3: Film-Makers on Film-Making. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-571-17047-1. Retrieved May 12, 2024.
  21. ^ Handy, Bruce (April 1, 2010). "The Liberation of Francis Ford Coppola". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on May 11, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
  22. ^ Zilko, Christian (June 25, 2023). "Jon Hamm Left Megalopolis Table Read Thinking 'I Don't Know How He's Gonna Make This Movie'". IndieWire. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  23. ^ a b Macnab, Geoffrey (September 26, 2002). "Back from the brink". The Guardian. Archived from the original on April 1, 2024. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
  24. ^ a b Archerd, Army (July 17, 2001). "Coppola prepping Megalopolis". Variety. Archived from the original on April 1, 2024. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
  25. ^ a b c Lyons, Charles (October 16, 2001). "Megalopolis plans shifted". Variety. Archived from the original on April 9, 2024. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
  26. ^ a b Fleming, Mike Jr. (May 13, 2019). "Francis Ford Coppola: How Winning Cannes 40 Years Ago Saved Apocalypse Now, Making Megalopolis, Why Scorsese Almost Helmed Godfather Part II & Re-Cutting Three Past Films". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on May 16, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  27. ^ Kerch, Steve (November 5, 2003). "Coppola: The City and His Dreams, Famed Director Readies Vision of Future Megalopolis". Urban Land Institute. Archived from the original on December 7, 2003. Retrieved April 1, 2024. The director has already shot about 70 hours of film in Manhattan that will serve as background for the movie.
  28. ^ Phillips, Gene D.; Hill, Rodney, eds. (September 20, 2004). Francis Ford Coppola: Interviews. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 1-57806-666-2. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  29. ^ a b Delorme, Stéphane (October 1, 2010). Francis Ford Coppola. Cahiers du Cinéma. ISBN 978-2866425937. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  30. ^ Vaucher, Andrea R.; Harris, Dana (February 24, 2002). "Zoetrope, Myriad plan 3 pics". Variety. Archived from the original on April 9, 2024. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
  31. ^ a b Keegan, Rebecca (November 7, 2007). "Coppola, Take 2". Time. Archived from the original on April 1, 2024. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
  32. ^ Buchanan, Kyle (June 3, 2009). "Francis Ford Coppola to Movieline: 'Godfather Never Should Have Had More Than One Movie'". Movieline. Archived from the original on June 11, 2009. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  33. ^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (April 3, 2019). "Francis Ford Coppola Ready to Make Megalopolis and is Eyeing Cast". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
  34. ^ Baron, Zach (February 17, 2022). "Francis Ford Coppola's $100 Million Bet". GQ. Archived from the original on March 4, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
  35. ^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (August 31, 2021). "Francis Coppola, A Gambling Maverick Moviemaker Who Won Big, Betting on Star Cast for Epic Megalopolis". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on January 26, 2022. Retrieved August 31, 2021.
  36. ^ a b Gardner, Chris (May 13, 2024). "Megalopolis Lead Nathalie Emmanuel on Sealing Role in a Playful Zoom with Francis Ford Coppola". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 13, 2024.
  37. ^ Gardner, Chris (March 3, 2022). "Francis Ford Coppola Explains Why He's Spending His Own $120M on Megalopolis". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on March 3, 2022. Retrieved March 3, 2022.
  38. ^ Friedman, Roger (March 21, 2022). "Exclusive: Oscar Isaac Passes on Godfather Director Francis Ford Coppola's $120 Mil Megalopolis, Director Wants to Shoot This Fall". Showbiz411. Archived from the original on March 22, 2022. Retrieved March 29, 2022.
  39. ^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (May 12, 2022). "Francis Coppola Sets Megalopolis Cast: Adam Driver, Forest Whitaker, Nathalie Emmanuel, Jon Voight & Filmmaker's Apocalypse Now Teen Discovery Laurence Fishburne". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on May 12, 2022. Retrieved May 12, 2022.
  40. ^ McCall, Kevin (July 14, 2022). "Francis Ford Coppola's Passion Project Megalopolis to Shoot in Georgia". Collider. Archived from the original on November 2, 2022. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
  41. ^ Dagan, Carmel (July 8, 2022). "James Caan, The Godfather and Misery Star, Dies at 82". Variety. Archived from the original on April 9, 2024. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  42. ^ Valinsky, Michael (August 3, 2022). "A Cinematographer's Life with Mihai Malaimare Jr". The Making Of (Podcast). Retrieved May 12, 2024.
  43. ^ Kroll, Justin (August 22, 2022). "Aubrey Plaza Joins Adam Driver in Francis Coppola's Megalopolis". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on November 26, 2022. Retrieved August 22, 2022.
  44. ^ Couch, Aaron (August 31, 2022). "Francis Ford Coppola's Megalopolis Casts Talia Shire, Shia LaBeouf, Jason Schwartzman, and More". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on August 31, 2022. Retrieved August 31, 2022.
  45. ^ a b c d Blyth, Antonio (May 13, 2024). "Cannes Cover Story: Aubrey Plaza Says Francis Coppola 'Doesn't Need My Defense', Reveals the 'Collaboration and Experimentation' of Megalopolis". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 14, 2024.
  46. ^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (October 4, 2022). "Francis Coppola Sets Final Casting for Epic Megalopolis; Film Shooting This Fall in Georgia". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on October 4, 2022. Retrieved October 4, 2022.
  47. ^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (January 23, 2023). "Giancarlo Esposito Joins Cast of Francis Ford Coppola's Megalopolis". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on January 24, 2023. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  48. ^ Coppola, Francis Ford (December 8, 2023). "@gracevanderwaal is a multi-talented songwriter, musician, and actor whom I am so lucky to have worked with on @megalopolisfilm". Instagram. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  49. ^ Rinder, Grant (January 22, 2024). "Francis Ford Coppola's Megalopolis Might Actually Come Out This Year. Here's Everything We Know". GQ. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  50. ^ "Megalopolis". Production List. Film & Television Industry Alliance. October 10, 2022. Archived from the original on November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  51. ^ McArdle, Tommy (November 8, 2022). "Shia LaBeouf Spotted Filming on Atlanta Set of Francis Ford Coppola's Epic Megalopolis Movie". People. Archived from the original on November 9, 2022. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
  52. ^ Bergeson, Samantha (September 28, 2022). "Francis Ford Coppola's Megalopolis Will Debut Never-Before-Seen Film Technology". IndieWire. Retrieved May 13, 2024.
  53. ^ Klawans, Justin (September 28, 2022). "Francis Ford Coppola's Megalopolis to Film at Prysm Stages in Atlanta Using Groundbreaking Technology". Collider. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  54. ^ a b c Masters, Kim; Feinberg, Scott; Couch, Aaron (January 9, 2023). "Francis Ford Coppola's Megalopolis in Peril Amid Ballooning Budget, Crew Exodus (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on January 9, 2023. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
  55. ^ a b c d e Abramovitch, Seth; Masters, Kim; McClintock, Pamela (April 8, 2024). "Francis Ford Coppola's Megalopolis Faces Uphill Battle for Mega Deal: 'Just No Way to Position This Movie'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on April 13, 2024. Retrieved April 14, 2024.
  56. ^ a b c Rose, Steve (May 14, 2024). "'Has this guy ever made a movie before?' Francis Ford Coppola's 40-year battle to film Megalopolis". The Guardian. Retrieved May 14, 2024.
  57. ^ Jones, Tamera (March 8, 2023). "Adam Driver Talks 65, Fighting Dinosaurs, and Filming Francis Ford Coppola's Megalopolis". Collider. Archived from the original on March 8, 2023. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
  58. ^ Welk, Brian (March 30, 2023). "Francis Ford Coppola Wraps Production on Epic Megalopolis". IndieWire. Archived from the original on April 18, 2023. Retrieved March 30, 2023.
  59. ^ Kroll, Justin (August 31, 2023). "Francis Ford Coppola's Megalopolis Lands Interim Agreement from SAG-AFTRA". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on August 31, 2023. Retrieved August 31, 2023.
  60. ^ Bergeson, Samantha (January 5, 2024). "Francis Ford Coppola Confirms Megalopolis Early 2024 Release: 'Wait and See'". IndieWire. Archived from the original on January 6, 2024. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
  61. ^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (January 10, 2023). "Francis Ford Coppola: No Truth to Apocalypse on Megalopolis". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on January 10, 2023. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
  62. ^ Church, Michael (February 14, 2006). "Osvaldo Golijov: Composing the soundtrack for a Coppola movie". The Independent. Archived from the original on April 1, 2024. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
  63. ^ Nance, Suzanne (October 19, 2022). "Interview with Composer Osvaldo Golijov". All Classical Radio. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  64. ^ Pearce, Leonard (February 28, 2024). "Francis Ford Coppola's Megalopolis Targeting Major Fall IMAX Release". The Film Stage. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  65. ^ Coppola, Francis Ford (1999). "Writing and Directing The Conversation: A Talk with Francis Ford Coppola". Scenario (Interview). Vol. 5, no. 1. Interviewed by Ann Nocenti. Archived from the original on December 15, 2000. Retrieved May 12, 2024.
  66. ^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (March 25, 2022). "From The Godfather Trilogy to American Graffiti, Patton, The Conversation & Apocalypse Now, Francis Ford Coppola Shares His Oscar Memories". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  67. ^ a b c Fleming, Mike Jr. (March 28, 2024). "Francis Coppola's Megalopolis Screened for First Time Today for Distributors at CityWalk IMAX". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on March 30, 2024. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
  68. ^ Keslassy, Elsa (April 11, 2024). "Cannes Chief Thierry Fremaux Addresses Francis Ford Coppola's Pending Distribution Deal for Megalopolis: 'We Love Improvisation'". Variety. Archived from the original on April 26, 2024. Retrieved April 25, 2024.
  69. ^ Wiseman, Andreas; Goodfellow, Melanie (May 12, 2024). "Francis Ford Coppola's Megalopolis Sells to Major International Buyers Ahead of Cannes Premiere". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 13, 2024.
  70. ^ Tartaglione, Nancy; D'Alessandro, Anthony; Bamigboye, Baz (May 16, 2024). "Megalopolis Debuts at Cannes with 7-Minute Standing Ovation". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
  71. ^ Keslassy, Elsa (April 23, 2024). "Francis Ford Coppola's Megalopolis Nears French Distribution Deal with Indie Banner Le Pacte". Variety. Archived from the original on April 24, 2024. Retrieved April 26, 2024.
  72. ^ Guedj, Philippe (April 23, 2024). "Megalopolis de Coppola sera distribué en France par Le Pacte". Le Point (in French). Archived from the original on April 24, 2024. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
  73. ^ Goodfellow, Melanie; Wiseman, Andreas (April 23, 2024). "Is Francis Ford Coppola's Megalopolis Close to Sealing Its First Distribution Deal?". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on April 23, 2024. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
  74. ^ Kay, Jeremy (April 30, 2024). "Goodfellas Boards International Sales on Francis Ford Coppola's Cannes Selection Megalopolis (exclusive)". Screen Daily. Archived from the original on May 1, 2024. Retrieved April 30, 2024.
  75. ^ Lang, Brent; Siegel, Tatiana; Donnelly, Matt (May 15, 2024). "Can Cannes Save Megalopolis? Francis Ford Coppola Prepares to Unveil His $120 Million Epic as Controversy Builds". Variety. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  76. ^ Canfield, David (May 17, 2024). "Francis Ford Coppola Finally Talks Megalopolis: 'It's How I Felt the Film Should Be—And I Was Paying for It'". Vanity Fair. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
  77. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (May 17, 2024). "Francis Ford Coppola on Motion Picture Industry: 'Streaming is What We Use to Call Home Video', But Major Studios May Become Extinct – Cannes". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
  78. ^ Donnelly, Matt; Shafer, Ellise; Siegel, Tatiana (May 17, 2024). "Francis Ford Coppola Slams Studio System After He Self-Financed Megalopolis: Execs 'Don't Make Good Movies … They Pay Their Debt Obligations'". Variety. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
  79. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony; Tartaglione, Nancy (May 16, 2024). "Megalopolis IMAX Global Release Will Be Limited; Release Date Contingent on U.S. Distribution but Late September Eyed for IMAX in 20 US Cities; Coppola Live Event Planned – Cannes". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 16, 2024.
  80. ^ Powell, Nancy (March 25, 2023). "Syzygy announces Megalopolis, Francis Ford Coppola graphic novel at WonderCon". Comics Beat. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  81. ^ Barsanti, Sam (September 3, 2023). "Francis Ford Coppola teases a Megalopolis novelization from Colleen McCullough—who died in 2015". The A.V. Club. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  82. ^ Newman, Nick (January 10, 2023). "Francis Ford Coppola and Adam Driver Respond to Megalopolis Rumors; Mike Figgis Plans a Behind-the-Scenes Documentary". The Film Stage. Archived from the original on January 11, 2023. Retrieved January 11, 2023.
  83. ^ Ruimy, Jordan (July 11, 2023). "Coppola's Megalopolis Aiming for Cannes 2024, 2-Hour Runtime; Described as 'Julius Caesar Meets Blade Runner'". World of Reel. Archived from the original on March 23, 2024. Retrieved March 22, 2024.
  84. ^ @TheFilmStage (October 11, 2023). "Mike Figgis has interviewed Spike Lee and George Lucas for his documentary on Francis Ford Coppola's Megalopolis" (Tweet). Retrieved May 15, 2024 – via Twitter.
  85. ^ Echebiri, Chike (May 7, 2024). "Megalopolis: Cast, Plot, Filming Details, and Everything We Know So Far About Francis Ford Coppola's Passion Project". Collider. Retrieved May 8, 2024.
  86. ^ "Megalopolis". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
  87. ^ "Megalopolis". Metacritic. Fandom, Inc. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
  88. ^ Wells, Jeffrey (March 28, 2024). "Coppola's Megalopolis Screens for Industry Elite at Universal IMAX". Hollywood Elsewhere. Archived from the original on April 16, 2024. Retrieved May 3, 2024.
  89. ^ Ruimy, Jordan (March 28, 2024). "Francis Ford Coppola's Megalopolis Screens: 'Startling', 'Experimental', 'Avant Garde'". World of Reel. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  90. ^ a b Northrup, Ryan (March 29, 2024). "'Unflinching in How Bats**t Crazy It Is': Megalopolis Early Reactions Tease Coppola's Truly Bizarre Epic". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
  91. ^ Ruimy, Jordan (March 29, 2024). "More Megalopolis Reactions: 'Batsh*t Crazy', 'Tough Sell', 'Baffling'". World of Reel. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  92. ^ Bailey, Micah (March 30, 2024). "Francis Ford Coppola's $120M Sci-Fi Just Got a Lot More Exciting & Worrying for the Same Reason". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on March 30, 2024. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
  93. ^ Ruimy, Jordan (April 1, 2024). "More Megalopolis Reactions: 'Downright Confounding' and 'Fit for a Museum'". World of Reel. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  94. ^ Belloni, Matthew (March 29, 2024). "What I'm Hearing: Netflix Wants NBA; Shari's Junk Debt; & Streaming Micro Wars". Puck. Retrieved May 8, 2024.
  95. ^ Welk, Brian (April 2, 2024). "As Francis Ford Coppola Seeks Megalopolis Distribution, 'Everything is on the Table'". IndieWire. Archived from the original on April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  96. ^ a b Holmes, Helen (April 10, 2024). "Francis Ford Coppola Responds to Megalopolis Uproar: Exactly What Happened with Apocalypse Now". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on April 11, 2024. Retrieved April 15, 2024.
  97. ^ Ebiri, Bilge (April 11, 2024). "Hollywood Is Doomed If There's No Room for Megalopolis". Vulture. Archived from the original on April 30, 2024. Retrieved April 30, 2024.
  98. ^ Macnab, Geoffrey (May 10, 2024). "Hollywood can't help being suspicious about Francis Ford Coppola – Megalopolis isn't going to change that". The Independent. Retrieved May 10, 2024.
  99. ^ Johnston, Dais (April 30, 2024). "Will Francis Ford Coppola's Epic Ambitions Ruin His Potential Masterpiece?". Inverse. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  100. ^ Gentile, Dan (May 8, 2024). "Coppola's Megalopolis is the riskiest movie of the year. The first trailer just dropped". SFGate. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  101. ^ Lethbridge, Tommy (May 11, 2024). "We're Worried About Francis Ford Coppola's New Movie After Watching the First Clip". Screen Rant. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  102. ^ Valentine, Claire (May 15, 2024). "Will Megalopolis Be a Visionary Hit or a Major Miss?". W Magazine. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  103. ^ Barber, Nicholas (May 15, 2024). "Why 'wild' sci-fi epic Megalopolis could be Francis Ford Coppola's $120m mistake". BBC. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  104. ^ Hassenger, Jesse (May 15, 2024). "Is Megalopolis Going to Be Francis Ford Coppola's Phantom Menace?". Decider. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  105. ^ Shafer, Ellise (May 16, 2024). "Adam Driver Sex Tape, Shia LaBeouf in Drag and Dominatrix Aubrey Plaza Land Divisive Megalopolis a 7-Minute Standing Ovation at Cannes". Variety. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
  106. ^ Wiseman, Andreas (May 16, 2024). "Megalopolis: What the Critics are Saying". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 17, 2024. After months of speculation, the critical book has finally been opened on Francis Ford Coppola's Megalopolis. The early word? Predominantly positive, with some very high highs and inevitably a few low lows.
  107. ^ Zacharek, Stephanie (May 16, 2024). "Megalopolis is a Messy, Self-Indulgent Sprawl of Ideas—In the Best Way Possible". Time. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
  108. ^ Sun, Michael (May 16, 2024). "'Bafflingly shallow' or 'staggeringly ambitious'? Francis Ford Coppola's Megalopolis splits critics". The Guardian. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
  109. ^ Bentz, Adam (May 16, 2024). "Megalopolis, Francis Ford Coppola's Self-Funded Sci-Fi Epic, Fiercely Divides Critics". Screen Rant. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
  110. ^ Ruimy, Jordan (May 16, 2024). "Megalopolis: Boos, and Some Cheers, Greet Coppola's Ambitious WTF Statement [Cannes]". World of Reel. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
  111. ^ Shafer, Ellise; Donnelly, Matt (May 16, 2024). "Megalopolis: The 5 Most WTF Moments from Francis Ford Coppola's Sci-Fi Epic". Variety. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Megalopolis_(film)&oldid=1224324257"