No. 224 Squadron RAF
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (February 2012) |
| No. 224 Squadron RAF | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1 April 1918 - May 1919 1 February 1937 – 31 October 1966 |
| Country |  United Kingdom |
| Branch |  Royal Air Force |
| Size | Squadron |
| Motto(s) | Fedele all'amico (Template:Lang-it)[1] |
No. 224 Squadron RAF was a Royal Air Force squadron that saw service in both the First and Second World Wars.
History
First World War
It was formed on 1 April 1918, at Alimini, Italy from part of No. 6 Wing RNAS, equipped with the de Havilland DH.4. In June 1918 it re-equipped with the de Havilland DH.9.[2][3] It carried out attacks against Austro-Hungarian targets in Montenegro and Albania,[4] and on 2 October 1918, took part in an aerial bombardment of Durazzo, Albania in support of a naval attack on that port.[5] The squadron disbanded at Taranto on 15 May 1919.[6]
Reformation
On 1 February 1937, the squadron reformed at Manston as a General Reconnaissance squadron,[a] with personnel from No. 48 Squadron. It then moved to Boscombe Down where it received Avro Anson aircraft.[4][8] The squadron moved to RAF Thornaby in Yorkshire in July 1937.[4][8] In August 1938 the squadron moved to Leuchars in Scotland, and from May 1939 began re-equipping with the Lockheed Hudson, becoming the first RAF squadron to operate the American reconnaissance bomber, becoming operational in August that year.[8][9]
Second World War
On the outbreak of the Second World War, the squadron deployed its Hudsons on patrols over the North Sea and reconnaissance missions over German ports, losing three aircraft by the end of September 1939. On 8 October 1939 three of its Hudsons shot down a German Dornier Do 18 flying boat, the first enemy aircraft claimed shot down by the RAF in the Second World War.[10] The German invasion of Norway in April 1940 saw the squadron's Hudsons carry out bombing operations against harbours and shipping, with operations off the coast of Norway continuing after the Norway's occupation.[8]
The squadron moved to Limavady in April 1941, and St Eval in December 1941. In February 1942 it returned to Limavady and moved to Tiree in April 1942 where it converted to Consolidated Liberators. In September 1942 the squadron moved; first to Beaulieu, then St Eval in April 1943, and Milltown, Scotland in September 1944. 224 Squadron was a successful anti-submarine unit, accounting for ten[11] U-boats destroyed during the Second World War.[12] Its wartime commanders included New Zealanders A. E. Clouston and Mick Ensor. The squadron returned to St Eval in July 1945 where it converted to Avro Lancasters in October 1946. The squadron disbanded on 10 November 1947.
The squadron reformed on 1 March 1948 at RAF Aldergrove, equipped with the Handley Page Halifax. In 1951 it re-equipped with the Avro Shackleton, which it operated from RAF Gibraltar from August 1951,[13] until disbanding on 31 October 1966. During this period its main tasks were NATO maritime surveillance as well as search and rescue duties within the Gibraltar Maritime Area. This area covered a large part of the eastern Atlantic as well as the western Mediterranean.[14]
Aircraft operated
- 1918-1919 Airco DH.4
- 1918-1919 Airco DH.9
- 1918 Sopwith Camel[15]
- 1937-1939 Avro Anson I
- 1939-1941 Lockheed Hudson I
- 1941-1942 Lockheed Hudson III and V
- 1942-1943 Consolidated Liberator II & III
- 1943-1944 Consolidated Liberator V
- 1944-1945 Consolidated Liberator VI
- 1945-1946 Consolidated Liberator VIII
- 1946-1947 Avro Lancaster GR3
- 1948-1952 Handley Page Halifax GR6
- 1951-1954 Avro Shackleton MR1
- 1953-1966 Avro Shackleton MR2
Notes
- ^ In RAF parlance, General Reconnaissance stood for Maritime reconnaissance.[7]
References
- ^ Pine, L G (1983). A dictionary of mottoes. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. p. 74. ISBN 0-7100-9339-X.
- ^ Halley 1988, pp. 289–290.
- ^ Moyes 1964, p. 218.
- ^ a b c Halley 1988, p. 289.
- ^ Jones 1937, p. 327.
- ^ Halley 1988, p. 288.
- ^ Halley 1988, pp. 12–13.
- ^ a b c d Rawlings 1982, p. 151.
- ^ Hendrie 1999, pp. 18–19.
- ^ Hendrie 1999, p. 22.
- ^ "No. 224 Squadron (RAF) during the Second World War".
- ^ Neistle, Axel. German U-Boat Losses during World War II (1998) Greenhill Books. ISBN 1-85367-352-8 p.303
- ^ Sir David Lee, Wings in the Sun, 1989, 198.
- ^ Wings in the Sun, 199.
- ^ "The Royal Flying Corps on the Italian Front, 1917-1918".
- Halley, James J (1988). The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth 1918–1988. Tonbridge, UK: Air Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 0-85130-164-9.
- Hendrie, Andrew (1999). Lockheed Hudson in World War II. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-84037-0939.
- Jones, H. A. (1937). The War in the Air: Being the Story of the Part played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force: Vol. VI. History of the Great War. London: Clarendon Press. OCLC 76988621.
- Moyes, Philip (1964). Bomber Squadrons of the R.A.F. and their Aircraft. London: Macdonalds & Co. (Publishers).
- Rawlings, John D. R. (1982). Coastal, Support and Special Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft. London: Jane's Publishing Company Limited. ISBN 0-7106-0187-5.
External links
- Barrass, M. B. (2015). "No. 221–225 Squadron Histories". Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
- "224 Squadron". Royal Air Force. 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
