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Nick Griffin

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Nick Griffin
MEP
Nick Griffin addressing a BNP press conference in Manchester, in June 2009
Chairman of the BNP
Incumbent
Assumed office
September 1999
Preceded byJohn Tyndall
Member of the European Parliament
for North West England
Incumbent
Assumed office
14 July 2009
Personal details
Born (1959-03-01) 1 March 1959 (age 65)
Barnet, Hertfordshire, England
Political partyBritish National Party
SpouseJackie Griffin
Residence(s)Llanerfyl, Powys, Wales

Nicholas John Griffin MEP (born 1 March 1959) is a British far-right politician, chairman of the British National Party and a Member of the European Parliament for North West England. He is married with four children, and lives in Wales.

Griffin was born in Barnet, London, and was educated in Suffolk. He joined the National Front aged 15, and following his graduation from Cambridge University became a political worker for the party. In 1980 he became a member of its governing body, and later wrote articles for right-wing magazines. He was the party's candidate for the seat of Croydon North West in 1981 and 1983. Griffin left the National Front in 1989, and in 1995 joined the British National Party, becoming its leader in 1999. He stood as the party's candidate in several elections, and in 2009 was elected as a member of the European Parliament for North West England in the 2009 European Elections.

In 1998 Griffin was convicted of distributing material likely to incite racial hatred, for which he received a suspended prison sentence. He was charged in 2005 with inciting racial hatred, but following a retrial was cleared. Griffin has been criticised for his comments on political and religious matters—he has denied the veracity of the Holocaust, and has written several anti-Semitic articles, although since becoming leader of the BNP he has distanced himself from these opinions. He is a strong critic of aspects of Islam. Over the years several educational institutions have invited him to speak on matters including extremism, multiculturalism, and BNP policy.

Early life and education

File:Nick griffin matriculation.jpg
Griffin at his matriculation at Downing College, in 1977

The son of former Conservative councillor Edgar Griffin[1] and his wife Jean Griffin,[2] Nicholas John Griffin was born on 1 March 1959 in Barnet, then in Hertfordshire now Greater London, before moving to Southwold in Suffolk aged eight.[3][4] He was educated at Woodbridge School in Woodbridge, and won a sixth–form scholarship to the independent St Felix School in Southwold, becoming one of only two boys in the girls' school.[5]

Griffin read Mein Kampf when he was fourteen, but "found all but one chapter extremely boring."[6] He joined the National Front at age fifteen,[4] and aged sixteen he stayed at the home of National Front organiser Martin Webster. Webster was openly gay, and in a four-page leaflet written in 1999 claimed to have had a homosexual relationship with Griffin, then the BNP's publicity director.[7] Griffin has strongly denied any such relationship.[8]

In 1977, Griffin went to Downing College, Cambridge, where he studied History and Law.[1] During a union debate his affiliation to the National Front was revealed, and his photograph was published in a student newspaper. Undeterred, he later founded the Young National Front Student organisation. He graduated with a 2:2 under the British undergraduate degree classification and a boxing blue, having taken up the sport following a brawl with an anti-fascist party member in Lewisham.[9] Griffin boxed three times against Oxford in the annual Varsity match, winning twice and losing once. In an interview for The Independent newspaper he stated that he gave up because of a hand injury. He is a fan of Ricky Hatton and Joe Calzaghe, and an admirer of Amir Khan.[10]

Political career

1970s–1990

Following his graduation, Griffin became a political worker at the National Front headquarters.[9] As a teenager he had accompanied his father to a National Front meeting,[1][11] and by 1978, he was a national organiser for the party.[12] He helped set up the White Noise Music Club in 1979,[13] and several years later worked with white power skinhead band, Skrewdriver.[14] In 1980 he became a member of the party's governing body, the National Directorate, and in the same year launched Nationalism Today with the aid of Joe Pearce, then editor of the NF youth paper Bulldog.[15][16] As a member of the National Front Griffin contested the seat of Croydon North West twice, in 1981 and 1983.[17]

The National Front had, since the election of the Conservatives under Margaret Thatcher, seen a distinct drop in its membership. As a result the party became more radicalised, and a dissatisfied Griffin, along with fellow NF activists Derek Holland and Patrick Harrington, began to embrace the ideals of Italian fascist Roberto Fiore (Fiore had arrived in the UK in 1980). By 1983 the group had broken away to form the NF Political Soldier faction, which advocated a revival of country "values", and a return to feudalism, with the establishment of nationalist communes.[18] Writing for Bulldog in 1985, Griffin praised the black separatist Louis Farrakhan,[19] comments which were unpopular with some members of the party.[20] He also attempted to form alliances with Libya's Colonel Gadaffi, and Iran's Ayatollah Khomeini,[21] and praised the efforts of Welsh nationalist movement Meibion Glyndŵr.[22]

Following a disagreement with Harrington (who subsequently formed the Third Way), and objections over the direction the party was headed, in 1989 Griffin left the National Front. Along with Holland and Fiore,[21] he helped form the International Third Position (ITP), a development of the Political Soldier movement,[23] but left the organisation in 1990.[21] In the same year he lost his left eye in an accident caused by a discarded shotgun cartridge exploding in a pile of burning wood at his home,[9][24] since when he has worn a glass eye. The accident left him unable to work, and owing to other financial problems he subsequently declared bankruptcy (the accident occurred in France, where he later lost money in a failed business project).[25] For several years thereafter, he abstained from politics, his parents giving him financial support. He later stewarded a public Holocaust denial meeting hosted by David Irving.[26][27]

1993–1999

Griffin re-entered politics in 1993[28] and in 1995, at the behest of John Tyndall, joined the British National Party.[9][20] He also became editor of two right-wing magazines owned by Tyndall, Spearhead, and The Rune.[12] Referring to the election of the BNP's first councillor at a 1993 council by-election in Millwall, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, he wrote:

The electors of Millwall did not back a post modernist rightist party, but what they perceived to be a strong, disciplined organisation with the ability to back up its slogan "Defend Rights for Whites" with well-directed boots and fists.

— Nick Griffin, [29]

Although Tyndall had in 1982 founded the BNP, its links to extremism helped Griffin in his 1999 campaign to replace Tyndall as BNP leader. Griffin embarked on a campaign to make the party electable by taking it away from Tyndall's extremist agenda. He was helped by Tyndall's lack of familiarity with the mainstream media, and in the party's September election he defeated Tyndall to become head of the BNP. One of Griffin's changes included the party's strong emphasis on the removal of multiculturalism, a policy it claims has a destructive influence on both immigrant and British cultures.[12][30] This realignment was designed to position the BNP alongside successful European far-right groups, such as the French Front National. Street protests were replaced by electoral campaigning, and some policies were moderated (the compulsory repatriation of ethnic minorities was instead made voluntary). Other new policies included the introduction of capital punishment for paedophiles, rapists, drug dealers, and murderers, and corporal punishment for less serious crimes such as juvenile delinquency. Voters found his background as a Cambridge-educated family man more palatable than the extreme image presented by Tyndall.[25]

2000–2009

During 2000 Griffin attempted to further the BNP's popular appeal by targeting specific groups, including lorry drivers—some of whom were at the time engaged in mass protests against fuel prices—and farmers. The BNP also produced a journal devoted to rural matters.[27] In addition to his earlier candidacies for the National Front, Griffin has stood as the BNP candidate in several English elections. In 2000 he stood as the BNP candidate for the constituency of West Bromwich West, in a by-election triggered by the resignation of Betty Boothroyd. He came in fourth place, with 794 votes (4.21% of those cast).[31] Following the Oldham race riots he was the BNP candidate for the constituency of Oldham West and Royton in the United Kingdom general election, 2001. He received 6,552 votes (16% of those cast), beating the Liberal Democrats to third place and running a close race for second place with the Conservatives, who received 7,076 votes.[32][33] He again stood for election in the Oldham Council election, 2003, for a seat representing the Chadderton North ward. He came second to the Labour candidate, receiving 993 votes (28% of those cast).[34] In the European Parliament Election 2004, where he was the BNP candidate for the North West England constituency,[35] the party received 134,959 votes (6.4% of those cast), but won no seats.[36] In the 2005 General Election he was the BNP candidate for the constituency of Keighley in West Yorkshire, and polled 4,240 votes (9.2% of those cast), finishing in fourth place.[37]

Griffin was the BNP candidate in the 2007 Welsh National Assembly Elections, in the South Wales West region.[38] The BNP received 8,993 votes (5.5% of those cast), behind the Labour party's 58,347 votes (35.8%).[39] In October 2007 he was an unsuccessful candidate in the Thurrock Council election.[17][40] In November 2008 the entire membership list of the BNP was posted on the Internet (however the list may have included lapsed members of the party and people who have expressed an interest in joining the party, but have not signed up). Griffin claimed that he knew the identity of the individual responsible, describing him as a hard-line senior employee who had left the party in the previous year. He welcomed the publicity that the story generated, using it to describe the common perception of the average BNP member as a "skinhead oik" as untrue.[41]

He was elected as a member of the European Parliament for North West England in the 2009 European Elections. The BNP polled 943,598 votes (6.2% of those cast), gaining 2 MEPs.[42] Griffin and fellow MEP Andrew Brons were subsequently pelted with eggs as they attempted to stage a celebratory press conference outside the Houses of Parliament. A second venue was chosen on the following day, at a public house near Manchester. A line of police blocked a large group of protesters, who chanted "No platform for Nazi Nick" and "Nazi scum off our streets". Griffin viewed the result as an important victory, claiming that his party had been demonised and blocked from holding public meetings. "In Oldham alone there have been hundreds of thousands of pounds spent on employing bogus community workers to keep us out. To triumph against that level of pressure as a political party has never been done before."[43]

Richard Barnbrook (left) and Griffin at a press conference outside the Palace of Westminster in May 2009

In May 2009 he was invited by the BNP representative on the London Assembly, Richard Barnbrook, to a Buckingham Palace garden party hosted by Queen Elizabeth. The invitation prompted objections from several organisations and public figures, including the Mayor of London Boris Johnson, and the anti-fascist organisation Searchlight.[44] Griffin later declined the invitation, saying he had "no wish to embarrass the Queen".[45]

We believe it is still outrageous that a democratically elected member of the London Assembly can't invite who he likes as a guest to the party at the Palace ... Nevertheless, because we have no wish to embarrass the Queen and allow the liberal left to do more damage to our institutions, I've withdrawn from the idea of going myself.

— Nick Griffin, [45]

I am glad that the BNP leader has recognised that his presence at Buckingham Palace would have been a political stunt, which could have embarrassed Her Majesty ... I hope the garden party can now go ahead as intended to honour those who have made an important contribution to their community.

— Boris Johnson, [45]

Criminal charges

1998

In 1998, Griffin was convicted of violating section 19 of the Public Order Act 1986, relating to the offence of 'publishing or distributing racially inflammatory written material' in issue 12 of The Rune, published in 1996. Griffin's comments in the magazine were reported to the police by Alex Carlile, then the Liberal Democrat MP for Montgomeryshire. Following a police raid at Griffin's home, he was charged with distributing material likely to incite racial hatred.[46][47] Fellow BNP member Paul Ballard was also charged, but entered a guilty plea and did not stand trial. Griffin pleaded not guilty, and was tried at Harrow Crown Court. He called French Holocaust denier Robert Faurisson, and Nationalist Osiris Akkebala as witnesses, but was found guilty and given a nine month sentence—suspended for two years—and a £2,300 fine (Ballard was given a six month sentence, also suspended for two years).[48][49][50][51]

I am well aware that the orthodox opinion is that six million Jews were gassed and cremated and turned into lampshades. Orthodox opinion also once held that the world is flat.

— Nick Griffin, [25]

Griffin also claimed that the law under which he was convicted was an unjust law and he therefore had no obligation to follow it.[46] He was also secretly recorded by the ITV programme The Cook Report in 1997 describing Carlile as "this bloody Jew ... whose only claim is that his grandparents died in the Holocaust".[28][52][53]

2004–2006

On 14 December 2004 Griffin was arrested at his home in Wales, on suspicion of incitement to racial hatred, over remarks he made about Islam in an undercover BBC documentary titled The Secret Agent.[54][55] He was questioned at a police station in Halifax, West Yorkshire, before being freed on police bail. He said that the arrest was "an electoral scam to get the Muslim block vote back to the Labour party",[54] and also claimed that the Labour government was attempting to influence the results of the following year's general election.[54]

Griffin's arrest was preceded two days earlier by that of John Tyndall, and the arrests of several other people, over remarks they had made in the same programme.[54] The police had begun an investigation into the contents of the programme the day after it was broadcast on 15 July 2004. The following April he was charged with four offences of using words or behaviour intended or likely to stir up racial hatred.[56] The trial began in January 2006. Griffin stood alongside fellow party activist Mark Collett, who faced similar charges. Prosecuting, Rodney Jameson QC told the jury of a total of six speeches that both accused had made in the Reservoir Tavern in Keighley on 19 January 2004. Reading excerpts from them, he claimed that they included threatening, abusive and insulting words directed at "people of Asian ethnicity", with the intention of "stirring up racial hatred".[57]

Griffin was also accused of calling murdered black teenager Stephen Lawrence a drug dealer and bully who stole younger pupils' dinner money, in an apparent rejection of the supposed racist nature of the teenager's death.[58] In the witness box he defended himself by quoting passages from the Qur'an, backing his argument that his comments describing Islam as a "vicious, wicked faith" were attacking not a race, but a religion. During the two-week trial he also used a laptop to post daily updates on a blog on the BNP's website.[59]

The British National Party is a legal, political entity. It has a right in a democratic society to put forward ideas and policies which some might find uncomfortable and some might find even offensive. There has been a tendency in this case to over-analyse speeches, to take one line here and one line there. You have got to look at the overall impact of these speeches—remember the context of each speech.

— Timothy King QC, [60]
Nick Griffin and Mark Collett leave Leeds Crown Court on 10 November 2006 after being found not guilty of charges of incitement to racial hatred at their retrial.

Griffin and Collett were subsequently cleared of half the charges against them—the jury remained divided on the other charges, and a retrial was ordered.[59] On 10 November 2006, after five hours of deliberations, the jury cleared both men of all charges.[61] Both were met outside the court by about 200 supporters,[62] whom Griffin addressed with a megaphone:

What has just happened shows Tony Blair and the government toadies at the BBC that they can take our taxes but they cannot take our hearts, they cannot take our tongues and they cannot take our freedom.

— Nick Griffin, [62]

Mainstream opinion in this country will be offended by some of the statements that they have heard made. At the same time, of course, the courts make their judgements on these things. But if there is something that needs to be done to look at the law then I think we will have to do that.

— Gordon Brown, [61]

Public debates

Since his election as BNP leader, Griffin has been invited to participate in debates at several university institutions. In November 2002 the Cambridge Union Society invited him to take part in a debate the following January. Titled "This house believes that Islam is a threat to the west", the move was controversial; amongst more moderate speakers, one of those invited was Abu Hamza al-Masri, a fundamentalist Muslim cleric. Some of those invited then threatened to withdraw from the event, and several official bodies criticised the invitations.[63] The two had met earlier in the year, in a debate chaired by Today programme editor Rod Liddle.[64] He was also invited by the Cambridge Forum to a debate on extremism in December 2002, with Liberal Democrat MP Lembit Opik. The location of the venue was changed twice after protests from property owners, but the threat of a violent confrontation between the Anti-Nazi League and BNP supporters forced the president of the Cambridge Forum, Chris Paley, to cancel the event. Paley called the decision an "own goal" for the values of free speech, and Opik criticised the policy, emphasising his belief in "people's right to make their own decisions in a democracy".[65]

In February 2005 Griffin was asked to take part in a debate on multiculturalism at the University of St Andrews in Scotland. He was invited by the president of the students' debating society, who said "We believe that the only way to get the truth of what the BNP are saying and to combat them is to do it in public in a debate."[66] The move was attacked by various anti-racist groups, some of whom refused to participate in the discussion. Griffin said "I am coming up because I was invited by the students at the university because they have a debate on an intelligent subject on which I have something to say. The people against it are the usual bunch of people who cannot win the argument and refuse to stand on a platform."[66] The university later withdrew the invitation.[66][67]

In May 2007 Griffin was invited to address a meeting at the University of Bath by politics student and BNP youth leader Danny Lake. Lake wanted Griffin to visit the university and explain the BNP's policies to lecturers and students. It was, however, viewed by some as an attempt by the party to establish a foothold on the university campus. Eleven union general secretaries wrote to the university's vice-chancellor and asked her to reconsider the decision to allow the meeting. A large protest was planned, and following students' concerns over their personal safety the invitation was withdrawn.[68]

David Irving

Several months later the Oxford Union invited Griffin to speak at a forum on the limits of free speech, along with other speakers including David Irving. The invitation was condemned by the president of the Oxford Students' Union, and race equalities watchdog Trevor Phillips, and MP Dr Julian Lewis resigned his membership of the Union.[69]

A rally against the invitation was held at Oxford Town Hall on 20 November, and included the Oxford Students' Union president, the National Union of Students black students' officer, and the Trades Union Congress south east regional secretary. Representatives of Unite Against Fascism also attended, as well as the University of Oxford's Jewish student chaplain. Several Holocaust survivors also spoke at the rally. Stephen Altmann-Richer, co-president of the Oxford University Jewish Society, said "I don't think these people should be invited to the Oxford Union, by having them speak, it legitimises their views ..."[70] On the night of the debate, about 50 protesters forced their way into the venue, and a crowd of hundreds gathered outside carrying banners bearing anti-racist slogans and voicing anti-BNP chants. Police blocked the entrances to the building, and removed the protesters encamped inside. Griffin was accompanied into the premises by security guards. The event was eventually split between two rooms, with Griffin speaking in one, and Irving in the other; many Union Society members were unable to gain access, reducing the audience. Although many present found the debate objectionable, some were supportive of both Griffin and Irving's right to freedom of speech. The Oxford Union later endorsed the debate as a success.[71]

Griffin travelled to the United States and spoke at Clemson University and Texas A&M University, but the reception he received in October 2007 at Michigan State University was markedly different to that in the other venues. Intending to address the "overpopulation of Islamists in Europe", he was repeatedly interrupted, to the point where the event became a question and answer session. He was repeatedly heckled by hostile elements of the audience, and at one point the fire alarm was activated.[72]

Views

Griffin has frequently expressed views on Judaism, Islam, and homosexuality. His comments on the Holocaust (which he once referred to as "the Holohoax"[73]) made as an editor of The Rune, demonstrate revisionism. He criticised Holocaust denier David Irving, for admitting that up to four million Jews might have died in the Holocaust—he wrote "True Revisionists will not be fooled by this new twist to the sorry tale of The Hoax of the Twentieth Century."[74] In 1997 he told an undercover journalist that he had updated Richard Verrall's booklet Did Six Million Really Die?, and in the same year he wrote Who are the Mindbenders?, a publication concerned with a perceived domination of the media by Jewish figures.[28] The BNP however has a Jewish councillor, Patricia Richardson,[75] and spokesman Phil Edwards has stated that the party also has Jewish members.[76] The BNP has stated that it does not deny the Holocaust, and that "Dredging up quotes from 10, 15, 20 years ago is really pathetic and, in a sense, rather fascist."[77] However the BNP maintains ties with Roberto Fiore, and fascist groups across Europe.[78][79]

The BNP's constitution grants its chairman full executive power over all party affairs, and Griffin thus carries sole responsibility for the party's legal and financial liabilities, and has the final say in all decisions affecting the party.[80] He has, since assuming control of the party, sought to move it away from its historic identity, although on the BBC's Newsnight on 26 June 2001 he stated that Hindus had been a target as well as whites in the "Muslim" riots of 2001, and in the August 2001 issue of Identity (a BNP publication) he claimed that radical Muslim clerics wanted "... militant Muslims to take over British cities with AK-47 rifles".[81] When interviewed in August 2009 for RT he distanced himself from the present-day National Front, which he claimed is "... a group of skinheads running around with no political direction, other than that we suspect which their masters give them."[82] On The Politics Show on 9 March 2003 he appeared to accept the ethnic minorities who were legally already living in the country,[83] but Griffin's court appearances in 2006 centred around his comment that Islam was a "wicked and vicious faith".[84] On 6 March 2008 he was again interviewed on Newsnight; when told of a poll which demonstrated that most working-class Britons were more concerned about drugs and alcohol than immigration, he linked the UK's drug problem with Islam, specifically Pakistani immigrants. His inclusion on the programme was criticised by contributor and radio presenter Jon Gaunt, who branded the decision as "pathetic".[85] When asked by The Times about concerns that his recent success was presaged in Enoch Powell's Rivers of Blood speech, Griffin replied:

The divisions are already there. They were created by that monstrous experiment: the multi-cultural destruction of old Britain. There is no clash between the indigenous population and, for instance, settled West Indians, Sikhs and Hindus. There is, however, an enormous correlation between high BNP votes and nearby Islamic populations. The reason for that is nothing to do with Islamophobia; it is issues such as the grooming of young English girls for sex by a criminal minority of the Muslim population ... I am now there to give political articulation to the concerns of the mainly indigenous population. The ethnic populations have always had Labour to speak up for them. Finally their neighbours have got someone who speaks up for them.

— Nick Griffin, [86]

In a June 2009 interview with Channel 4 News Griffin claimed that "There's no such thing as a black Welshman",[87] which was criticised by Vaughan Gething (the first black president of the Welsh NUS, the first black president of the Welsh TUC, and the first black candidate for the Welsh assembly). Commenting on Griffin's claim, he said "On that basis, most white people wouldn't qualify. It's quite clear that Nick Griffin just doesn't accept that black British people or black Welsh people are entitled to call themselves proper, full citizens of the country."[88] Griffin's interview with Channel 4 News was in response to a decision by the Equality and Human Rights Commission to investigate the BNP's membership criteria.[89] He rejected claims that the BNP was "acting unlawfully"[87] and said "... because we are here, as it was pointed out, for specific ethnic groups—it's nothing to do with colour, your reporter there said that we'll only lift a finger for white people—that's a simple lie".[87] In an interview with the BBC on 8 July 2009, during a discussion on European immigration he proposed that the EU should sink boats carrying illegal immigrants, to prevent them from entering Europe. Although the interviewer (BBC Correspondent Shirin Wheeler) implied that Griffin may have wished the EU to "murder people at sea", he quickly corrected her by saying "I didn't say anyone should be murdered at sea—I say boats should be sunk, they can throw them a life raft and they can go back to Libya" (a staging post for migrants from Egypt and sub-Saharan Africa).[90]

Following the Admiral Duncan pub bombing by former BNP member David Copeland, Griffin stated "The TV footage of dozens of 'gay' demonstrators flaunting their perversion in front of the world's journalists showed just why so many ordinary people find these creatures so repulsive."[91] The BNP states that privately, homosexuality should be tolerated, but that it "should not be promoted or encouraged".[77] It opposed the introduction of civil partnerships in the United Kingdom, and supports a ban on what it perceives as the promotion of homosexuality in schools and the media.[92][93]

Writing for The Rune, Griffin praised the wartime Waffen SS and attacked the Royal Air Force for its bombing of Nazi Germany,[94] and in 1996 during a public demonstration at Coventry Cathedral, he accused British airmen of "mass murder".[95] Although unconnected, on 9 June 2009 the Royal British Legion wrote an open letter to Griffin asking him not to wear a poppy lapel badge.[96]

In a BBC interview on 8 June 2009 Griffin claimed that "global warming is essentially a hoax" and that it "is being exploited by the liberal elite as a means of taxing and controlling us and the real crisis is peak oil".[97]

Family and personal life

Griffin lives with his family in a farmhouse in Llanerfyl, near Welshpool, in Wales.[86] He is married to Jackie Griffin, a former nurse who also acts as his assistant and a BNP administrator. They have four children, some of whom are actively involved with the party,[98][99] and has a sister.[20][21] He has recently begun writing an autobiography.[4]

Elections contested

Date of election Constituency Party Votes Percentage of votes Source(s)
22 October 1981 by-election Croydon North West NF 429 1.2
1983 general election Croydon North West NF 336 0.9
23 November 2000 by-election West Bromwich West BNP 794 4.2 [31]
2001 general election Oldham West and Royton BNP 6,552 16.4 [33]
2005 general election Keighley BNP 4,240 9.2 [36]
2009 European election North West England BNP 132,094 8.0 (elected) [42]

References

Notes
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  2. ^ Britten, Nick (2001-08-25), Expelled Tory laments 'one silly mistake', The Daily Telegraph, retrieved 2009-06-19
  3. ^ Your MEPs — Nick Griffin, europarl.europa.eu, retrieved 2009-07-14
  4. ^ a b c Victor, Peter (2009-06-14), An audience with a racist, independent.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-17
  5. ^ Toolis, Kevin (2000-05-20), Race to the right, The Guardian, retrieved 2009-06-19
  6. ^ The Andrew Marr Show, BBC, 2009-07-12
  7. ^ Robbins, Tom (1999-09-05), Gay tiff reveals soft side of far right (Registration required), The Times, retrieved 2009-06-17 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  8. ^ Anthony, Andrew (2002-09-01), Flying the flag, guardian.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-19
  9. ^ a b c d Siddique, Haroon (2008-11-19), Profile: Nick Griffin, guardian.co.uk, retrieved 2009-02-27
  10. ^ Hubbard, Alan (2009-06-14), Inside Lines: How 'Nasty Nick' boxed clever to land his political punches, independent.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-17
  11. ^ Nick Griffin: Right-wing chameleon, news.bbc.co.uk, 2001-06-29, retrieved 2009-06-15
  12. ^ a b c Nick Griffin, telegraph.co.uk, 2006-01-10, retrieved 2009-02-27
  13. ^ Ware & Back 2002, p. 101
  14. ^ Goodrick-Clarke 2003, p. 194
  15. ^ Barberis, P. (2000), "National Front" in Encyclopaedia of British and Irish political Organizations: Parties, Groups and Movements of the Twentieth Century, Continuum International, p. 639
  16. ^ Violence In Our Minds, skinheadnation.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-16
  17. ^ a b UK Polling Report - Thurrock, ukpollingreport.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-17
  18. ^ Goodrick-Clarke 2003, pp. 68–69
  19. ^ Griffin, Nick (1985-05), Nationalism Today, no. 29, National Front, p. 17 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  20. ^ a b c Nick Griffin: Brute in a suit, independent.co.uk, 2004-07-18, retrieved 2009-06-17
  21. ^ a b c d Ryan 2004, p. 62
  22. ^ Goodrick-Clarke 2003, p. 43
  23. ^ Franks, Alan (1989-03-29), A front for the Front — Neo-Nazis (Registration required), The Times, retrieved 2009-06-17 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  24. ^ Bath, Richard (2009-05-24), For all the talk of change, Nick Griffin's BNP remains a single–issue party which may be coming soon to a town near you, business.scotsman.com, retrieved 2009-06-21
  25. ^ a b c A right menace: Nick Griffin, independent.co.uk, 2009-05-23, retrieved 2009-06-17
  26. ^ Profile: Nick Griffin, timesonline.co.uk, 2009-06-14, retrieved 2009-06-16
  27. ^ a b Eatwell & Mudde 2004, pp. 69–70
  28. ^ a b c Ryan 2004, p. 63
  29. ^ Eatwell & Mudde 2004, p. 69
  30. ^ Eatwell, Roger (2005-07-21), John Tyndall, independent.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-16
  31. ^ a b West Bromwich: Labour victory in former speaker's seat, guardian.co.uk, 2000-11-24, retrieved 2009-06-17
  32. ^ Ford, Richard (2005-07-13), Two communities that hardly ever mix, timesonline.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-26
  33. ^ a b Bryn, Morgan (2001-06-07), General Election results, 7 June 2001 (PDF), parliament.uk, p. 88, retrieved 2009-06-16
  34. ^ Oldham Council 2003 Election Results, oldham.gov.uk, retrieved 2009-06-16
  35. ^ Ward, David (2004-06-11), BNP fails to live up to boast in Burnley, guardian.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-16
  36. ^ a b UK general election 2005, Results for Keighley, electoralcommission.org.uk, retrieved 2009-06-16
  37. ^ European Parliamentary election 2004, Results for North West, electoralcommission.org.uk, retrieved 2009-06-16
  38. ^ BNP leader to stand for Assembly, walesonline.co.uk, 2007-02-28, retrieved 2009-06-16
  39. ^ National Assembly For Wales Election 2007, Results for South Wales West, electoralcommission.org.uk, retrieved 2009-06-16
  40. ^ Mixed poll results so far for BNP, news.bbc.co.uk, 2007-05-04, retrieved 2009-06-17
  41. ^ Cobain, Ian; Addley, Esther; Siddique, Haroon (2008-11-19), BNP membership list posted online by former 'hardliner', guardian.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-17
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Bibliography

Template:North West England MEPs

Party political offices
Preceded by Chairman of the British National Party
1999–present 		Incumbent
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nick_Griffin&oldid=312782647"