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Timeline of trams in Melbourne

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The Melbourne tram network began in 1884 with the construction of the Fairfield Horse Tramway. However, the purpose of the line was to increase land prices in the area, and it soon closed during the depression in 1890.[1] The first genuine attempt to construct a tramway network was the construction of the Richmond cable tram line by the Melbourne Tramway & Omnibus Company in 1885. Over the next few years, 16 more cable tram lines were constructed, as well as numerous other horse tramways.[2] The depression of the early 1890s slowed further expansion of the cable network. The first electric tram line was the Box Hill and Doncaster tramway which opened in 1889. This was a pioneering line in what was then the countryside and thus didn't receive much patronage. It closed in 1896.[3] The next attempt at an electric tramway was Victorian Railways' St Kilda to Brighton line, which opened in 1906.[4] Later that year, the North Melbourne Electric Tramway and Lighting Company opened lines to Essendon and Maribyrnong.[5] Many local councils formed their own tramway trusts and built tramways within their own constituency. The most successful of these was the Prahran and Malvern Tramway Trust.[6]

Consolidation of all of the systems occurred with the forming of the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board in 1920, who eventually took control of all lines except for the two Victorian Railways lines.[7] The MMTB continued the expansion of the electric tramways and began the process of electrifying the cable network, which began in earnest by the mid-1920s. Though many more lines were planned, the Great Depression and World War II slowed the process of construction. The electrification of the cable network was effectively completed by 1956 with the opening of the Bourke Street lines. However, by this time, the increasing popularity of the motor vehicle and the anti-tram Bolte government prevented any expansion in the following years, and overall patronage began to decline.[8] The VR closed its two lines and the MMTB also closed many of it's shorter, more marginal routes. The decades following the late 1970s saw the expansion of tram lines to outer suburbs such as Bundoora, Vermont South, Airport West, and Box Hill.[9] Establishment of a state-run corporation to operate Melbourne's tram network occurred in 1983. In 1997, the tram network was split into two and later privatized. Since 2004, Yarra Trams has been the sole operator of the Melbourne Tram Network.[7]

This timeline lists all of the openings, extensions and closures of all lines, as well as other significant events of the Melbourne Tram Network.

1880s

The opening of the Richmond cable line on 11 November 1885
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
  • 20 January: The extension of the Brighton Road and Prahran cable tram lines between Flinders Street Station and Queensberry Street opens.[10]
  • 9 February: North Carlton cable tram line opens between Rathdowne Street and Park Street, North Carlton. Services run from Swanston Street.[10]
  • 14 February: The Northern Tramway Company opens the Coburg horse tramway between Moreland Road and Gaffney Street along Sydney Road.[8]
  • 15 February: Toorak cable tram line opens as a branch of the Prahran cable tram line from Chapel Street to Irving Street along Toorak Road.[10]
  • April: The Caulfield Tramway Company opens two horse tramways: from Elsternwick railway station to Caulfield railway station, and from Elsternwick railway station to Glenhuntly railway station.[8]
  • 14 October: The Box Hill & Doncaster Tramway Company opens an electric tramway between Box Hill and Doncaster. It was the first electric tramway in Australia.[3]
  • late 1889: Elsternwick railway station to Caulfield railway station horse tramway closes.[8]

1890s

1890
  • Fairfield horse tramway closes.[1]
  • 27 January: MTOC opens the Hawthorn horse tramway from the cable terminus of Hawthorn Bridge to the intersection of Auburn and Riversdale Roads.[8]
  • 18 February: The Clifton Hill, Northcote and Preston Tramway Company opens the Northcote cable tram line between the cable terminus of Clifton Hill and the intersection of Dundas and High Streets.[10]
  • 3 March: North Melbourne cable tram line opened as a branch of the Brunswick line from Victoria Street to Flemington Bridge via Abbotsford Street.[10]
  • 10 March: MTOC opens the Zoo tramway between the Zoo and Royal Parade via Royal Park.[8]
  • 18 April: West Melbourne cable tram line opens as a branch of the Brunswick and North Melbourne cable tram lines from Lonsdale Street to Queensberry Street via Spencer Street.[10]
  • 16 June: South Melbourne cable tram line opens between Market Street and South Melbourne Beach via City Road.[10]
  • 20 June: Port Melbourne cable tram line opens as a branch of the South Melbourne cable tram line from Clarendon Street to Port Melbourne via City Road.[10]
1891
1892
  • Tram on the Box Hill to Doncaster line
    Operation of the Box Hill and Doncaster electric tramway was taken over by the Doncaster & Box Hill Electric Road Company.[3]
1893
  • 7 July: Northcote cable tram line closes following a financial crisis within the Clifton Hill, Northcote and Preston Tramway Company.[7]
1894
1896
  • 6 January: Box Hill and Doncaster electric tramway closes.[3]
1897
  • 27 November: Northcote cable tram line closes again due to cost-cutting measures.[7]

1900s

1901
1902
  • Elsternwick railway station to Glenhuntly railway station horse tramway closes again.[9]
1904
1905
1906
  • 5 May: VR opens the St Kilda to Brighton electric street railway between St Kilda railway station to Park Street, Middle Brighton. It was constructed as a single track line with passing loops, and the broad gauge line featured a connection to the suburban railway network at St Kilda station. Elwood tram depot commences operation.[4]
  • 11 October: NMETL opens the Essendon line from Flemington Bridge to Keilor Road. They also open the Maribyrnong line between Flemington Bridge and Saltwater River (Maribyrnong River). A branch line was also built along Puckle Street to Moonee Ponds railway station. Essendon tram depot commences operation.[5]
  • Opening of the NMETL lines on 11 October 1906
    22 December: VR extends the Brighton line from Middle Brighton to Brighton Beach railway station.[4]
1907
  • 7 March: A fire at Elwood Depot destroys all VR rollingstock and forces a temporary closure to the St Kilda and Brighton electric street railway. The service resumes on 17 March after VR hurriedly buys second-hand electric tram cars from Sydney.[4]
1908

1910s

The PMTT opened the Dandenong Road line on 16 December 1911
1910
1911
  • 14 March: PMTT extends the High Street line from Charles Street to Punt Road.[6]
  • 16 December: PMTT opens the Dandenong Road line from the Windsor railway bridge to Glenferrie Road. The Glenferrie Road line is extended from Wattletree Road to Dandenong Road.[6]
1912
  • 31 March: PMTT extends the Dandenong Road line from the Windsor railway bridge to Chapel Street to meet with the Windsor and Prahran cable tram lines.[9]
  • 14 September: PMTT extends the High Street line from Punt Road to St Kilda Road to meet the Brighton Road cable tram line.[6]
  • The Beaumaris Tramway Company closes part of the Beaumaris horse tramway between Cheltenham and Beaumaris.[8]
1913
1914
  • 17 February: The Brunswick & Coburg Tramways Trust (BCTT) was constituted to construct and operate an electric railway between the North Carlton cable tram terminus to Brunswick and Coburg, including the electrification of the Coburg horse tramway.[9]
  • 25 March: PMTT extends the High Street line from Tooranga Road to Malvern Road, Glen Iris.[6]
  • 14 June: The Hawthorn Tramways Trust (HTT) was constituted to construct and operate an electric tramway from Melbourne to Burwood.[9]
  • 20 June: PMTT construct a loop at Waverley Road on the Darling Road to facilitate Caulfield Racecourse traffic.[6]
  • June: The rest of the Beaumaris horse tramway closes.[8]
  • 26 October: BCTT is reconstituted as the Melbourne, Brunswick & Coburg tramway trust (MBCTT) following authorization to build a tram line to meet the Queensberry Street cable tram terminus.[11]
  • 1 November: The Kew horse tramway closes for impending electrification of the line by the PMTT.[8]
1915
  • 24 February: PMTT extends the Kew line to the east side of Victoria Bridge along the route of the former horse tramway.[6]
  • 8 April: PMTT opens the Malvern Road line from St Kilda Road to Burke Road, Gardiner.[6]
  • 8 May: PMTT opens the East Kew line from Kew Post Office to Kew Cemetery via High Street along the route of the former horse tramway. Kew Depot opens.[6]
  • 4 June: PMTT extends the Glen Huntly Road line from Elsternwick to Point Ormond.[6]
  • 4 July: PMTT extends the Kew line over the Yarra River to meet the Victoria Street cable tram line.[6]
  • 3 August: The Fitzroy, Northcote & Preston Tramways Trust (FNPTT) are constituted to construct a new electric tramway along St George's Road, Preston.[12]
  • 26 November: PMTT extends the East Kew line to Strathalbyn Street, Kew.[6]
  • 5 December: The Coburg horse tramway is closed for impending electrification of the line by the MBCTT.[8]
  • 30 December: The Footscray Tramway Trust is constituted to provide electric tram services in the area.[13]
1916
  • 18 January: The Melbourne Tramways Board is constituted as an interim body to take over the cable tramways from the MTOC, pending the future consolidation of all of the tramway systems.[9]
  • 31 January: The Hawthorn horse tramway is closed for impending electrification of the line by the HTT.[8]
  • 18 March: PMTT construct a balloon loop at the St Kilda Beach terminus.[9]
  • 6 April: HTT opens the Swan Street line from Batman Avenue to Hawthorn Depot. Hawthorn Depot opens.[14]
  • 27 April: MBCTT opens the Moreland line from Coburg Depot to Sydney Road along Moreland Road, and the Sydney Road line from Moreland Road to Bell Street. Coburg Depot opens.[11]
  • 7 May: HTT extends the Swan Street line to Auburn Road via Riversdale Road along the former horse tramway.[14]
  • 14 May: MBCTT extends the Sydney Road line from Bell Street to Bakers Road, North Coburg.[11]
  • 31 May: HTT extends the Swan Street line to Camberwell Junction. The Burwood line opens from Camberwell Junction to Bowen Street, Camberwell.[14]
  • 10 June: HTT further extends the Burwood line to Boundary Road (now Warrigal Road), Burwood.[14]
  • 12 June: HTT opens the Hawthorn line between Hawthorn Bridge and Riversdale Junction, Hawthorn along the former Hawthorn Horse Tramway.
  • 14 August: MBCTT opens the Lygon Street line from Coburg Depot to Park Street, Carlton.[11]
  • 30 September: PMTT opens the Mont Albert line from Burke Road to Union Road, Mont Albert along Whitehorse Road.[6]
  • 2 October: FTT granted authorization to construct tramway system.[13]
  • 25 October: HTT opens the Riversdale Road line from Camberwell Junction to Wattle Valley Road.[14]
  • 31 October: MBCTT extends the Lygon Street line from Park Street to Queensberry Street to meet the cable tram terminus. The East Coburg line is also opened from Coburg Depot to Bell Street via Nicholson Street.[11]
  • 9 November: HTT extends Riversdale Road line from Wattle Valley Road line to Highfield Road.[14]
  • 23 December: HTT extends Riversdale Road line from Highfield Road to Wattle Park.[14]
1917
1918
  • 7 March: PMTT opens line from Camberwell railway station to Cotham Road along Burke Road. Initially, it is operated as a shuttle service due to the incomplete railway bridge at Camberwell.[9]
  • March: Hawthorn Depot is expanded.[9]
  • June: MBCTT rebuilds Queensberry Street terminus to provide a more convenient interchange with the cable trams.[11]
  • 10 September: FNPTT commences construction on the St Georges Road line.[12]
  • September: The Camberwell railway bridge is completed and through running along Burke Road commences.[9]
1919
  • 10 March: VR opens a new line between Sandringham and Black Rock. Unlike the St Kilda to Brighton line, this line was built at Standard Guage.[4]
  • 1 November: Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB) is formed with the intention to take over, operate and unify the various tramways excluding the two lines operated by VR. The cable tramways and the Zoo horse tramway is taken over by the MMTB at this date.[7]

1920s

The Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board took over all tramways between by 1922
1920
  • 27 January: FNPTT conducts a trial run of their lines using their only completed tram, just one one week before MMTB takeover. Preston Depot opens.[12]
  • 2 February: MMTB assumes control of the Northcote cable tram line, and the five municipal electric tramways: PMTT, HTT, MBCTT, FNPTT and FTT. The privately owned tramways of the NMETL were not included in the above arrangement. The VR tramways were retained by the railways.[7]
  • 1 April: MMTB opens lines constructed by the FNPTT. The West Preston line is opened from Regent Street to St Georges Road. The East Preston line is opened from Tyler Street to St Georges Road. The St Georges Road line is opened from Miller Street to Barkly Street, North Fitzroy.[12]
  • 30 August: Chocolate and Cream was adopted as the standard livery for all trams of the MMTB.[9]
1921
1922
1923
  • 7 July: The extension of the Essendon line from Keilor Road to Gilles Street opens.[9]
  • 7 July: MMTB opens the Church Street line from Barkers Road to Hawthorn Bridge, connecting the Kew line to the Richmond cable tram terminus at Hawthorn Bridge.[9]
  • 23 August: Glenhuntly Depot opens.[15]
  • 27 August: MMTB constructs a single track siding in Napier Street, Essendon for football traffic at Windy Hill.[9]
  • 5 November: The Zoo horse tram depot and rollingstock was all destroyed in a fire during a police strike. The line, which was the last horse tram operating in Melbourne, was subsequently closed.[8]
  • A 1923 W Class tram at Hawthorn, 1942
    21 December: The first W Class tram enters service.[16]
1924
  • 12 January: The Puckle Street line was closed. The line had seen very little use since the MMTB acquisition.[9]
  • 11 February: MMTB construct a cable tram line on Lonsdale Street between Elizabeth Street and Swanston Street. This was done in preparation for the electrification of the Swanston Street cable tram line between Queensberry St and Lonsdale Street.[7]
  • 13 April: MMTB opens the Swanston Street line between Queensberry Street and Lonsdale Street. This enabled Sydney Road line and East Coburg line trams to be connected to the city.[9]
  • 8 July: MMTB opens the Chapel Street line between Swan Street and Toorak Road. Services originate from Batman Avenue.[14]
  • 10 October: Construction of a tramway workshop commences at Preston.[9]
  • 20 October: The extension of the Chapel Street line between Swan Street and Victoria Street, North Richmond opens.[14]
  • December: Coburg Depot is expanded.[9]
1925
1926
  • 12 January: Prahran and Toorak trams are truncated back to Domain Road pending electrification of St Kilda Road tracks.[18]
  • 24 January: The extension of the Lygon Street line from Queensberry Street to Lonsdale Street opens along the former Queensberry Street cable tram line on Swanston Street.[18]
  • 28 March: The St Kilda Road line between City Road and Domain Road is electrified.[18]
  • 9 May: Permanent double tracks are laid in St Kilda Road between Domain Road and St Kilda Junction, replacing the temporary ones.[9]
  • 16 May: The Malvern Road line, High Street line and Dandenong Road line are extended to St Kilda Road, enabling running through to the city.[9]
  • 31 May: MMTB constructs siding in Victoria Street, enabling Swanston Street trams from the south terminating in the city to shunt clear of through-routed trams.[18]
  • 28 August: Prahran cable line closes for impending electrification.[18]
  • 29 August: MMTB opens line between Elsternwick and St Kilda Junction via Brighton Road, partially using the former cable tram line.[18]
  • 1 September: VR extends the Sandringham line from Black Rock to Beaumaris.[4]
  • 1 October: Toorak cable tram line closes pending electrification.[18]
  • 31 October: The extension of the Chapel Street line from Toorak Road to Windsor railway station opens along the former cable tram line.[18]
  • 19 December: The extension of the Chapel Street line from Windsor railway station to Brighton Road opens along the former cable tram line.[18]
  • 19 December: The extension of the Glenhuntly Road line from Grange Road to Carnegie opens.[9]
1927
  • 2 February: MMTB constructs connecting line between Haymarket and Victoria Street terminus, connecting the isolated Essendon system to the rest of the network.[18]
  • 17 April: MMTB opens Toorak Road line between Domain Road and Orrong Road along the former cable tram line.[9]
  • 8 May: The extension of the Toorak Road line from Orrong Road to Glenferrie Road is opened.[9]
  • 15 May: The extension of the Royal Park line from Daly Street to Moreland Road opens.[17]
  • 15 May: Richmond cable line is truncated to Swanston Street pending electrification.[18]
  • 26 June: The extension of the Royal Park line from Moreland Road to Bell Street, West Coburg opens.[17]
  • 29 June: Richmond cable line closed for impending electrification.[18]
  • Intersection of Flinders Street and Swanston Street, 1927
    14 July: MMTB opens Flinders Street line between Lonsdale Street and Swanston Street along the former Richmond cable tram line.[18]
  • 17 September: The extension of the Flinders Street line from Swanston Street to Wellington Parade opens along the former Richmond cable tram line. MMTB also open the Hawthorn line between Wellington Parade and Simpson Street, East Melbourne opens.[18]
  • November: Green and Cream becomes standard MMTB livery.[9]
  • 4 December: The extension of the Hawthorn line from Simpson Street to Hawthorn Bridge along the former Richmond cable tram line.[18]
1928
  • 24 June: The extension of the Wattletree Road line from Dandenong Road to Glenferrie Road opens.[9]
  • 1 July: The extension of the Riversdale Road line from Boundary Road to Elgar Road opens.[7]
  • 28 July: A siding is installed at Simpson Street, East Melbourne.[9]
  • 19 December: Route numbers introduced to the MMTB system.[9]
1929
  • 13 July: Victoria Bridge to Brunswick Street cable tram line closed for impending electrification.[18]
  • 4 August: MMTB opens connecting line between Victoria Street and Flemington Road along Racecourse Road. Victoria Street (Flemington) line closes.[9]
  • 14 September: Collins Street cable tram line closes for impending electrification.[18]
  • 15 September: MMTB opens Victoria Street line between Brunswick Street and Victoria Bridge along the former cable tram line.[18]
  • 8 December: MMTB opens Collins Street line between Spencer Street and Brunswick Street along the former cable tram line.[18]
  • 8 December: Camberwell Depot commences operation.[19]

1930s

1930
1931
  • 1 September 1931: VR closes the Black Rock to Beaumaris section of the Sandringham line due to extremely low patronage in an undeveloped area.[7]
1935
  • 20 July: The North Melbourne cable tram line is closed for impending electrification. The West Melbourne cable tram line is also closed, but is replaced by a bus service.[18]
  • 24 September: MMTB opens the North Melbourne line between Victoria Street and North Melbourne along the former cable tram line.[18]
  • 29 September: The Elizabeth Street cable tram line is closed for impending electrification. Thus, the Brunswick cable tram line is truncated to Victoria Street.[18]
  • 17 November: MMTB opens the Elizabeth Street line between Victoria Street and Flinders Street along the former cable tram line.[18]
  • 17 November: The Brunswick cable tram line is further truncated to Leonard Street/Royal Parade for impending electrification.[9]
  • 29 December: The extension of the Elizabeth Street line from Victoria Street to Haymarket opens.[9]
1936
  • 11 January: The remainder of the Brunswick cable tram line is closed for impending electrification.[18]
  • 12 January: MMTB opens the southern portion of the Sydney Road line from Haymarket to Leonard Street, Parkville along the former Brunswick cable tram line.[18]
  • 23 February: The extension of the Sydney Road line from Leonard Street to Park Street opens along the former Brunswick cable tram line.[18]
  • 26 April: The extension of the Sydney Road line from Park Street to Moreland Road opens along the former Brunswick cable tram, finishing electrification of the line. Brunswick Depot opens.[18]
  • 1 August: The North Carlton cable tram line is closed, being replaced by a bus service.[18]
    A cable tram of the North Carlton line, which closed in 1936
1937
1938
  • 11 December: The extension of the East Kew line from Bulleen Road to North Balwyn opens.[9]
1939
  • 15 April: The Collingwood cable tram line closed, being replaced by a bus service.[18]
  • 25 October: Services along the Holden Street line cease, being replaced by a bus service. The southern track is removed. The northern track is retained for depot transfers.[9]

1940s

1940
1941
  • 6 July: MMTB opens the Ordnance Factory branch line between Raleigh Road and the Ordnance Factory.[9]
  • 20 July: The Holden Street tram services are reinstated due to wartime conditions.[9]
  • 9 November: MMTB opens the Ammunition Factory branch line between Ballarat Road and River Street.[9]
1942
1943
1944
1945
  • June: VR states their intention to close the Sandringham tram line.[4]

1950s

1950
  • 3 September: Services on the Holden Street line again ceased. The line was retained for depot workings.[9]
1951
1952
  • 11 October: Coburg Depot closes due to cost-saving measures.[9]
1953
  • 3 July: The West Preston terminus is moved to the north side of the Regent Street intersection.[9]
1954
  • 2 May: MMTB opens the Footscray line between the Ammunition Factory and the Ordnance Factory.[7]
1955
1956
  • 8 April: MMTB opens the East Brunswick line between Gertrude Street and East Brunswick along the former Nicholson Street cable tram line.[7]
  • April: External advertisements were introduced on MMTB trams.[9]
  • W7 Class tram built in 1956, operating the City Circle line in 2013
    August: Final W class trams built.[7]
  • 5 November: VR finally closes the Sandringham tramway. Sandringham Depot closes.[4]
1957
  • 1 January: VR truncates the Brighton tramway to Middle Brighton as the first stage of the closure of the line.[9]
  • 1 July: VR further truncates the Brighton tramway to Elwood Depot as the second stage of the closure of the line.[9]
1959
  • 28 February: VR closes the Brighton line altogether. Elwood Depot closes.[4]
  • 13 November: MMTB relocates South Melbourne/St Kilda Beach terminus from Mary Street to Park Street.[9]
  • 22 November: Temporary track in use on the Flinders Street line due to the construction of the Kings Street overpass.[9]

1960s

1960
  • 26 June: Kings Street overpass track completed.[9]
  • 22 October: Glenhuntly Road line closed between Point Ormond and Brighton Road.[9]
1962
  • 10 March: MMTB closes the Russel Street line, Williamstown Road line and Ballarat Road line, leaving only the Footscray line to serve Footscray. Footscray Depot closes.[7]
  • June: St Kilda Beach balloon loop is removed.[9]
1965
  • Reconstructed St Kilda Junction
    13 February: Hawthorn Depot closes for regular service.[21]
1967
1968
  • 21 October: New track is opened in Queensway, bypassing the Wellington Street line, which is abandoned.[9]
  • November: St Kida Junction tram track alterations are complete.[9]

1970s

1970
  • 16 March: Sturt Street line is realigned via Nolan Street due to the construction of the City Road underpass.[9]
1973
  • 19 June: A siding is opened at Brunswick Street terminus.[9]
1975
1976
1978

1980s

1983
1984
1985
  • 10 January: The extension between La Trobe University and Boldrewood Parade along the East Preston line opens.[23]
  • November: Preston Workshops is expanded.[9]
1986
  • 17 November: A siding is built for trams terminating at Domain Road along St Kilda Road.[9]
A B2 class tram runs of the St Kilda light rail, converted in 1987.
1987
1989

1990s

1990
  • 1 January: No services operated for 33 days while hundreds of trams blockaded Melbourne's streets, as part of an industrial dispute pertaining to driver-only operation.[9]
1992
  • 22 December: The extension of the Essendon line between Matthews Avenue and Dromana Avenue opens.[26]
1993
City Circle tram, which commenced in 1994
1994
1995
1997
1999
  • 28 May: Swan Street line between Batman Avenue terminus and near Punt Road closes.[31]
  • 6 June: Swan Street line rerouted via Melbourne Park reserved track. Flinders Street West siding opens.[31]
  • 29 August: Yarra Trams and Swanston Trams become privatised.[31]

2000s

2000
2001
2002
  • 18 November: The extension of the Collins Street line between Spencer Street and Collins Street West opens.[34]
  • 19 December: First D class tram enters service.[34]
  • December: M-Tram franchise is handed back to the state government following failed negotiations regarding terms. KMPG appointed as an interim operator.[34]
2003
2004
2005
  • 4 January: The extension of the Docklands line between Harbour Esplanade and Waterfront City, Docklands opens.[38]
  • 23 July: The extension of the Burwood line between East Burwood and Vermont South opens.[39]
  • 18 November: Demolition of the Kings Street Overpass completed.[40]
  • 21 November: Collins Street West extension reopened.[40]
2009
  • 21 September: The extension of the Collins Street line between Collins Street West and Victoria Harbour opens.[40]

2010s

An E Class tram in North Balwyn
2013
2014
  • 26 January: The extension of the Collins Street line from Victoria Harbour to Bourke Street opens.[40]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Darebin Heritage - Fairfield Horse Tram". heritage.darebinlibraries.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  2. ^ a b Victoria, Museum. "No. 1 cable tram, first day of operation on the Richmond route, Treasures, Museum Victoria celebrates 150 years, Australia, Victoria, Melbourne". museumsvictoria.com.au. Retrieved 24 August 2018. {{cite web}}: horizontal tab character in |title= at position 121 (help)
  3. ^ a b c d "Melbourne Tram Museum: Australia's first electric tram - the Box Hill to Doncaster tramway". www.hawthorntramdepot.org.au. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i "VICSIG". vicsig.net. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  5. ^ a b c "Melbourne Tram Museum: the North Melbourne Electric Tramways & Lighting Company". www.hawthorntramdepot.org.au. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Melbourne Tram Museum: the Prahran & Malvern Tramways Trust". www.hawthorntramdepot.org.au. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Tram History Final" (PDF). Heritage Victoria. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Melbourne Tram Museum: Melbourne's horse trams". www.hawthorntramdepot.org.au. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc Storey, Don. "Gunzel". www.classicaustraliantv.com. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "The Cable Car Home Page - Cable Tramways in Australia and New Zealand". www.cable-car-guy.com. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  11. ^ a b c d e f Fedor, William. "TMSV :: Reflections :: The Melbourne, Brunswick & Coburg Tramways Trust". www.tramway.org.au. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  12. ^ a b c d "Melbourne Tram Museum: the Fitzroy, Northcote & Preston Tramways Trust". www.hawthorntramdepot.org.au. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  13. ^ a b c "Melbourne Tram Museum: Footscray - genesis of a local tramway". www.hawthorntramdepot.org.au. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Melbourne's Two Batman Avenue Tramways 1916 and 1999" Trolley Wire issue 278 August 1999 pages 3–15
  15. ^ "Glenhuntly Tram Depot". VICSIG. Retrieved 24 August 2018. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  16. ^ "W Class Tram". VICSIG. Retrieved 24 August 2018. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  17. ^ a b c d Brown, Geoff (2016). "The tram through the park: the origins of the West Coburg tramway". Friends of Hawthorn Tram Depot. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Twentyman, A.E. "The Conversion of Melbourne's Cable Tramways" (PDF). Trolley Wire. 174: 3–12 – via Sydney Tramway Museum.
  19. ^ "Camberwell Depot". VICSIG. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  20. ^ "East Preston Depot". VICSIG. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  21. ^ "Hawthorn Depot Closed" (PDF). Trolley Wire. 97: 11. February 1965.
  22. ^ a b "East Burwood opens" (PDF). Trolley Wire. 177: 25–27. August 1978.
  23. ^ a b c d "East Preston line extended" (PDF). Trolley Wire. 208: 18–21. October 1983.
  24. ^ "Melbourne Interlude" (PDF). Trolley Wire. 211: 25–26. April 1984.
  25. ^ a b c "Here and There: News from all over" (PDF). Trolley Wire. 231: 27–31. November 1987.
  26. ^ "Opening of the Airport West Extension" (PDF). Trolley Wire. 252: 33.
  27. ^ "East Burwood Extension" (PDF). Trolley Wire. 254: 26. August 1993.
  28. ^ "City Circle Line opens" (PDF). Trolley Wire. 258. August 1994.
  29. ^ a b "South Melbourne Depot Closes" (PDF). Trolley Wire. 269: 17–21. May 1997.
  30. ^ "Melbourne's tram network split up" (PDF). Trolley Wire. 271: 31. November 1997.
  31. ^ a b c "Melbourne's two Batman Avenue tramways" (PDF). Trolley Wire. 278: 3–16. August 1999.
  32. ^ "Here and There: News from all round" (PDF). Trolley Wire. 281: 30.
  33. ^ a b "Here and There: News from all over" (PDF). Trolley Wire. 283. November 2000.
  34. ^ a b c "Here and There: News from all over" (PDF). Trolley Wire. 292: 27–29. February 2002.
  35. ^ a b "Here and There: News from all over" (PDF). Trolley Wire. 293: 11–20. May 2003.
  36. ^ "Melbourne - new partnership agreements" (PDF). Trolley Wire. 297. May 2004.
  37. ^ "Southern Cross Station Redevelopment". Railway Technology. December 2002. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  38. ^ "NewQuay Extension" (PDF). Trolley Wire. 300. February 2005.
  39. ^ "Vermont South extension opens" (PDF). Trolley Wire. 302. August 2005.
  40. ^ a b c d e "Melbourne public transport – Significant service changes – Daniel Bowen dot com". www.danielbowen.com. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
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