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Jacques Desoubrie

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Jacques Desoubrie (1922 – 1949)[1] was a double agent who worked for the Gestapo during the German occupation of France and Belgium during World War II.[2] He infiltrated resistance groups, such as the Comet Line, and was responsible for the arrest of several leaders and more than 100 members of organizations helping downed Allied airmen evade German capture and escape occupied Europe.

Early life

Desoubrie was born out-of-wedlock 22 October 1922 in Luingne (Mouscron), Belgium. His father was a Belgian doctor, Raymond Desoubrie and his mother, Zoe Note, abandoned him at an early age. He grew up with the doctor in Tourcoing, a French city on the border with Belgium. He trained to be an electrician.[3][4]

Desoubrie was a short, stocky man with piercing grey eyes set behind a pair of moderately thick-lensed spectacles. He was always smartly dressed, with his light brown hair always neatly combed. His smile revealed bright gold fillings in his front teeth and he spoke excellent English. Unlike like many non-Germans whose motivation working for the Germans was money and privileges, Desoubrie was attracted to the Nazi cause, although he was also well paid for his work.[3][5][6]

Desoubrie had two children, Jacques (born c. 1941) and Adolph (b. 1943) by his mistress, Marie-Therese Laurent. He had a close relationship with another woman, Marie-Antoinette Orsini (code named "Colette"), who helped him escort Allied airmen from Brussels to Paris.[7]

World War II

Desoubrie began work with the Gestapo in 1941. He infiltrated the Resistance group Vérité Française], where he had 100 people arrested,[1] and then the Le Gualès network (after Charles Le Gualès de la Villeneuve, one of its leaders) where he had 50 people arrested.[1] He used various aliases including: Jacque Leman, Jean Masson, Pierre Boulain, and Captain Jacques, as he liked to be known.[3]

The Comet Line. In 1943, Desoubrie infiltrated the Belgian and French escape network known as the Comet Line which helped Allied airmen shot down over Belgium. At great risk to themselves, the people working with the Comet Line exfiltrated the airmen from Belgium through France to neutral Spain from where they could be returned to the United Kingdom.

In 1941 and 1942. the Comet Line had been very successful in exfiltrating downed Alled airmen, mostly British and American, out of occupied Belgium and through occupied France to neutral Spain. However, in November 1942, a large number of the Belgian helpers of the line had arrested and imprisoned by the Gestapo and in January 1943, the Comet Line's founder, Andrée de Jongh had been captured by the Germans. Andrée's father, Frederic de Jongh in Paris, was attempting to put the pieces of the Comet Line back together and a young Belgian who called himself Jean Masson had been successful in escorting airmen from Paris to Belgian. After winning de Jongh's trust, Masson, the name Desoubrie was using, requested that de Jongh and other Comet Line leaders meet him at a train station in Paris to receive six airmen he was escorting from Belgium. At the train station, Frederic De Jongh and several other Comet line leaders were arrested by French police and turned over to the Germans. Acting on Desoubrie's knowledge of the Comet Line, additional arrests decimated the Comet Line again. Masson, however, was not generally known as the betrayer of the Comet Line -- except by some of those who had disappeared into German prisons.[8]

In January 1944, Desourbrie lured the Comet's Line's leader, Jean-Jacques Nothomb (code named "Franco") and British intelligence agent named Jacques Legrelle (code named "Jerome') into a trap and they were arrested by the Gestapo.[9] Desoubrie, now using the name Pierre Boulain, was finally unmasked in Paris in March 1944 by Comet Line guide Michelle Dumon (code named "Lily" and "Michou"). In exposing Boulain, Dumon became vulnerable to the Gestapo and fled France.[10]

Desoubrie did not cease his activities after being unmasked by the Comet Line. Among the airmen later betrayed by Desoubrie was Phil Lamason who along with his English navigator Ken Chapman, was picked up by members of the French Resistance and hidden at various locations for seven weeks.[11] In August 1944, while attempting to reach Spain, Lamason and Chapman were captured by the Gestapo in Paris after they were betrayed by Desoubrie for 10,000 francs each.[12] Lamason, Chapmen and 166 more airmen were taken to Buchenwald concentration camp in August 1944.[13][14]

Desoubire or "Jean Masson" should not be confused with the Jean Masson (1910–1965) who participated to the creation of the traditionalist Catholic Cité catholique group, along with Jean Ousset, in 1946.[15]

Downfall

After the liberation of Paris, Desoubrie fled to Germany. The Allies attempted to track down and prosecute Desoubrie/Masson/Boulain. Finding him became easier when Michelle Dumon, back in Paris, was asked by an American intelligence officer to look at two photos of a man. She identified the photo as the man she knew as Jean Masson. He had offered his services to the allied forces. With Desoubrie identified he was soon arrested, denounced by his ex-mistress, and executed by firing squad as a collaborationist on 20 December 1949 in the fort of Montrouge, in Arcueil (near Paris) (Some sources say he was executed in 1945.[16][1][17]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Review Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine of Patrice Miannay's Dictionnaires des agents doubles dans la Résistance (Dictionary of Double Agents in the Resistance Template:Fr icon
  2. ^ Pitchfork, Graham (2003, p. 59). Shot Down and on the Run. Published by Dundurn Press Ltd. OCLC 52565302. ISBN 1-55002-483-3.
  3. ^ a b c Burgess, Colin (1995). Destination Buchenwald. Published by Kangaroo Press, Kenthurst NSW. OCLC 35019954. ISBN 0-86417-733-X.
  4. ^ Eisner, Peter (2004), The Freedom Line, New York: Harper Collins, p. 47
  5. ^ Eisner, p. 47
  6. ^ "The Escape Line: The Traitors Part 2," [1], accessed 16 Oct 2019
  7. ^ Eisner, pp. 173-174
  8. ^ Neave, Airey (2013 edition), Little Cyclone, London: Biteback Publishing, pp. 130-140
  9. ^ Neave, Airey (1970), The Escape Room, New York: Doubleday, p. 187
  10. ^ Eisner, pp. 260-268
  11. ^ Hancock, Kenneth (1946, p. 96). New Zealand at war. A.H. and A. W. Reed (publishers), Wellington, NZ. OCLC 153784576.
  12. ^ McKay, Christine, [2], accessed 16 Oct 2019
  13. ^ "Phil Lamason Squadron Leader," https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/9303440/Squadron-Leader-Phil-Lamason.html, accessed 16 Oct 2019
  14. ^ Eisner, p. 294
  15. ^ F. Venner, Extrême France, Grasset, 2006 (extract Archived 2007-12-24 at the Wayback Machine Template:Fr icon
  16. ^ Ottis, Sherri Green (2001), Silent Heroes, Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, p. 169
  17. ^ Eisner, p. 295
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