List of mammals that can get H5N1

Although a wide variety of bird species have been shown to contract and spread Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, from waterfowl to poultry and birds of prey, mammalian infections have been of particular interest to researchers due to their potential to develop mutations that increase the risk of mammal-to-mammal spread and transmission to and among humans.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Other influenza strains are common among mammals, including humans, but this list only shows those who have been proven to carry H5N1. In October 2022, farmed mink became the first detected mammal able to engage in mammal-to-mammal spread of H5N1.^[3]

More information Animal, Date first detected (or publicized) ...


Animal	Date first detected (or publicized)	Spread amongst themselves?	Captive or wild infection?	References
Alpaca	May 2024		Captive	^[4]
American black bear	November 2022			^[5]
Amur leopard	September 2022			^[5]
Arctic fox	2023		Captive	^[6]
Asian golden cat	2009		Captive	^[1]
Beech marten	2007		Wild	^[1]
Bobcat	May 2022			^[5]
Bottlenose dolphin	August 2022			^[5]
Caspian seal	December 2022	Under Investigation	Wild	^[7]
Cat	2004		Both	^[1]
Cattle	March 2024	Yes^[8]^[9]	Captive	^[10]
Clouded leopard	2009		Captive	^[1]
Cow	March 2024		Captive	^[11]
Coyote	June 2022			^[5]
Dog	2004		Captive	^[1]
Donkey	2009			^[1]
Elephant seal	November 2023		Wild	^[12]
Eurasian otter	2021		Wild	^[13]
Fisher	June 2022			^[5]
Fur seal	November 2023		Wild	^[12]
Goat	March 2024		Captive	^[14]
Grey seal	July 2022		Wild	^[5]
Grizzly bear	December 2022			^[5]
Harbor seal	July 2022		Wild	^[5]
Human	May 1997			^[15]
Kodiak bear	December 2022			^[5]
Leopard	2003		Captive	^[1]
Lion	2009		Captive	^[1]
Mink	October 2022	Yes^[2]	Captive	^[3]
Mountain lion	March 2023			^[5]
Mouse	June 2024		Wild	^[5]
Owston's palm civet	2006			^[1]
Pig	2004		Captive	^[1]
Polar bear	December 2023		Wild	^[16]
Raccoon	June 2022			^[5]
Red fox	May 2021		Wild	^[17]
Sea lion	November 2022		Wild	^[18]
Skunk	August 2022			^[5]
Striped skunk	June 2022			^[5]
Tiger	2003		Captive	^[1]
Virginia opossum	May 2022			^[5]

References

[1]
Kaplan, Bryan; Webby, Richard (5 December 2013). "The avian and mammalian host range of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza". Virus Research. 178 (1): 3–11. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2013.09.004. PMC 3922066. PMID 24025480.
[2]
Nuki, Paul (2 February 2023). "How worried should we be about avian flu?". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
[3]
Pelley, Lauren (2 February 2023). "Bird flu keeps spreading beyond birds. Scientists worry it signals a growing threat to humans, too". CBC News. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
[4]
"Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 Detections in Alpacas". USDA. APHIS. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
[5]
"Detections of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Mammals". Avian Influenza. USDA APHIS. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
[6]
Schnirring, Lisa (20 July 2023). "H5N1 avian flu strikes more Finnish fur farms, second fox species". University of Minnesota. CIDRAP. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
[7]
Merrick, Jane (1 February 2023). "Mass death of seals raises fears bird flu is jumping between mammals, threatening new pandemic". The i newspaper. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
[8]
Polansek, Tom (19 April 2024). "USDA confirms cow-to-cow transmission a factor in bird flu spread". Reuters. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
[9]
Burrough ER, Magstadt DR, Petersen B, Timmermans SJ, Gauger PC, Zhang J, Siepker C, Mainenti M, Li G, Thompson AC, Gorden PJ, Plummer PJ, Main R (April 2024). "Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Domestic Dairy Cattle and Cats, United States, 2024". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 30 (7). doi:10.3201/eid3007.240508. PMC 11210653. PMID 38683888. Cow-to-cow transmission appears to have occurred because infections were observed in cattle on Michigan, Idaho, and Ohio farms where avian influenza virus-infected cows were transported.
[10]
Schnirring, Lisa (25 March 2024). "Sick cows in 2 states test positive for avian flu". University of Minnesota. CIDRAP. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
[11]
Schnirring, Lisa (25 March 2024). "Sick cows in 2 states test positive for avian flu". University of Minnesota. CIDRAP. Archived from the original on 25 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
[12]
Hinds, Tom (22 January 2024). "Catastrophic Mortality of Elephant Seals in Argentina Identified as Outbreak of Avian Influenza". UC Davis. Veterinary Medecine. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
[13]
Balla, Reemul (2 February 2023). "Bird flu found in nine otters and foxes since 2021". Sky News. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
[14]
Schnirring, Lisa (20 March 2024). "Avian flu detected for first time in US livestock". University of Minnesota. CIDRAP. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
[15]
"Past Reported Global Human Cases with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) (HPAI H5N1) by Country, 1997-2024". cdc.gov. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
[16]
Weston, Phoebe (2 January 2024). "Polar bear dies from bird flu as H5N1 spreads across globe". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
[17]
Rijks, Jolianne; Hesselink, Hanna; Lollinga, Pim; Wesselman, Renee; Prins, Pier; Weesendorp, Eefke; Engelsma, Marc; Heutink, Rene; Harders, Frank; Kik, Marja; Rozendaal, Harry; van den Kerkhof, Hans; Beerens, Nancy (November 2021). "Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Wild Red Foxes, the Netherlands, 2021". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 27 (11): 2960–2962. doi:10.3201/eid2711.211281. PMC 8544991. PMID 34670656.
[18]
Prater, Erin (8 February 2023). "The spillover of bird flu to mammals must be 'monitored closely,' WHO officials warn: 'We need to be ready to face outbreaks in humans'". Fortune. Archived from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2023.

List of mammals that can get H5N1

See also

References

External links

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List of mammals that can get H5N1

See also

References

External links

Further reading

Wikiwand in your browser!