Poverty industry

The terms poverty industry or poverty business refer to a wide range of money-making activities that attract a large portion of their business from the poor. Businesses in the poverty industry often include payday loan centers, pawnshops, rent-to-own centers, casinos, liquor stores, lotteries, tobacco stores, credit card companies, and bail-bond services.^[1][2][3][4] Illegal ventures such as loansharking might also be included. The poverty industry makes roughly US$33 billion a year in the United States.^{[5][page needed]} In 2010, elected American federal officials received more than $1.5 million in campaign contributions from poverty-industry donors.^[6]

In poorer countries, the poverty industry exploits the bottom of the pyramid and its extent can at times be used as a litmus test to assess the effectiveness of poverty-alleviation initiatives.^[7] In some cases, the poverty industry directly takes advantage of poverty-alleviation initiatives (e.g. formal, government-supported microfinance). For example, some moneylenders misrepresent themselves as formal microfinance initiatives or obtain loans from formal microfinance initiatives through deception. They on-lend these loans to micro-entrepreneurs (informal intermediation).^[8]

• Economic inequality – Distribution of income or wealth between different groups
• Ghetto tax – Poor people often incur higher expenses due to lack of optionsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• Misery index (economics) – Economic indicator measuring economic and social cost
• Pay-to-stay (imprisonment) – The practice of charging prisoners money for their involuntary stay
• Predatory lending – Unethical lending practices
• Working poor – Working people whose incomes fall below the poverty line
• Poverty industrial complex – The privatization of social servicesPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• Wage slavery – Dependence on wages or salary