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Timeline of Homs
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Homs, Syria.
Prior to 7th century
- 3rd millennium BCE – Citadel of Homs was founded. Biblical scholars have identified the city with Hamath-zobah.[1][2]
- 732 BCE – Syro-Ephraimite War, Assyrians in power.
- 540 BCE – Persian Achaemenid Empire in power (approximate date).
- 64 BCE – The Arab Emesani dynasty were confirmed in their rule as client kings of the Romans.
- 50 AD – Saint Mary Church of the Holy Belt was consecrated.
- 432 AD – Church of Saint Elian was consecrated.
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7th–19th centuries
- 636 – Siege of Emesa, city was captured by Rashidun Caliphate.
- 750 – Abbasids wrested control of Homs.
- 855 – Christian population revolted in response to additional taxation under the reign of Caliph al-Mutawakkil.[3]
- 891 – al-Yaqubi noted that Homs was situated along a broad river (Orontes River) which served as a source of drinking water for the inhabitants.[4]
- 944 – Hamdanids took control of the city.
- 975 – Byzantine empire under John Tzimiskes took control of the city.
- 1090 – Seljuk Turks occupied Homs under the leadership of Aq Sunqur al-Hajib.[5]
- 1149 – The Mosul-based Zengids under Nur al-Din captured the city.[6]
- 1154 – Al-Idrisi mentioned that Homs was populous, contained open markets, and was frequented by travelers. The residents were pleasant; living with them is easy. The women are beautiful and are celebrated for their fine skin."[7]
- 1164 – Asad ad-Din Shirkuh became Homs' fief, later known as “Emir of Homs”.
- 1175 – Saladin gained control of the city.
- 1225 – Yaqut al-Hamawi mentioned that Homs was large, celebrated and walled, having a strongly fortified castle on its southern hill.[8]
- 1355 – Ibn Batuta visited Homs, writing that it had fine trees and good markets.
- 1400 – Timur seized the city. Nevertheless, he did not sack it as he did in Aleppo, Hama and later Damascus, due to a man called “‘Amr bin al-Rawas” who conciled with him offering precious gifts to save the city.[9]
- 1510 – al-Fadl bin Nu'ayr was sent on an expedition by the governor of Damascus to loot the city markets.[6]
- 1516 – Ottoman Turks in power.
- 1549 – Homs Sanjak was created as part of Ottoman Aleppo Eyalet.
- 1579 – Homs is under Ottoman Tripoli Eyalet.
- 1785 – French traveler, Volney wrote of the city's once great importance and its current "miserable" condition.
- 1832–1840 – city was occupied by Muhammad Ali's Egypt led by Ibrahim Pasha.[10][11]
- 1855 – National Evangelical School was founded by American missionaries.[12]
- 1860s – The city rebelled against Egyptian rule and consequently, the citadel was destroyed when the Egyptians suppressed the revolt. Ottoman rule was soon restored.[6]
- 1864 – Homs became part of Ottoman Syria Vilayet.
- 1870s – Homs' economic importance was boosted again during the depression of the 1870s, as its cotton industry boomed due to a decline European textile production. One British consul referred to Homs as the "Manchester of Syria."[6]
- 1887 – Al Ghassania Orthodox School was established.[13]
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20th century
- 1907 – Population: 65,000 (estimate).[2]
- 1908–1913 – Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque was consecrated.
- 1918 – Homs was captured by the 5th Cavalry Division of the Allied forces in October 1918. Later on, it became part of the French Mandate of Syria.
- 1922 – Homs Museum's ground floor was established, 1st floor finished in 1949, and 2nd floor in 1963.[14]
- 1925 – The city joined Damascus and the southern Druze chieftains in a full-blown revolt against French rule.[15]
- 1928 – Al-Karamah SC was formed.
- 1930s
- 1932 – The French moved their military academy from Damascus to Homs to be established in 1933, later known as Homs Military Academy,[16] and it remained the only military academy in Syria until 1967.[17]
- 1937 – Al-Wathba SC was formed.
- 1959 – An oil refinery was built to process oil for domestic consumption.[6] The city's oil refinery was bombed by the Israeli Air Force (IAF) during the 1973 Yom Kippur War.[18]
- 1960
- Khalid ibn al-Walid Stadium was opened.
- Population: 136,000 (estimate).[19]
- 1973 – Culture House Theater was established.[20]
- 1974 – Homs Museum was inaugurated.[21]
- 1979 – Homs University was established.
- 1981 – Population: 346,871 (estimate).[22]
- 1994 – Population: 540,133 (estimate).[23]
- 2000 – Bassel al-Assad Stadium with a capacity of 25,000 was inaugurated.[24]
21st century
- 2004 – Population: 652,609 (estimate).[25]
- 2008 – Population: 1,667,000 (estimate).[26]
- 6 May 2011 – 9 May 2014 – Siege of Homs, Syrian Arab Army recaptured Homs.[27]
- 2024 – Syrian opposition forces captured the city during the offensive in early December.[28]
See also
References
Bibliography
External links
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