-el - Wikiwand

See also: Appendix:Variations of "el"

English

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /əl/, /l̩/

Etymology 1

From Middle English -el, from Old English -el, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.

Alternative forms

-le, -al

Suffix

-el

Suffix forming nouns, originally denoting an instrument, from verbs, usually spelt -le except after n and e.
runnel, shovel, dotel
Diminutive suffix in words of Germanic origin.
hatchel, hovel, gomeral

Etymology 2

From Middle English -el, a merger of two suffixes:

Old English -el (diminutive suffix)
Old French -el (diminutive suffix), from Latin -ellus

Suffix

-el

Suffix, originally diminutive, in words of mostly Romance origin.
cupel, chapel, tunnel

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -el

Anagrams

-le, LE, Le, LαE, le

Abenaki

Suffix

-el

Used on verbs, together with the prefix k-, to indicate that the first person singular (I) is the actor and the second person singular (you) is the object of the verb.
n'kezalmô
I love

k'kezalmel
I love you (singular)

Usage notes

The suffix is spelled -ol by some writers.

Breton

Etymology

Cf. French -el (e.g. sexuel, individuel, industriel)

Suffix

-el

To make an adjective of a noun; -al
‎broad (“nation”) + ‎-el → ‎broadel (“national”)

Derived terms

Breton terms suffixed with -el

Cornish

Etymology

Likely borrowed from English -al.

Suffix

-el

Forming adjectives from nouns: -al
‎elven (“element”) + ‎-el → ‎elvennel (“elemental”)

‎breus (“judgement”) + ‎-el → ‎breusel (“critical”)

Derived terms

Cornish terms suffixed with -el

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech -el, from Proto-Slavic *-ьlъ, *-ъlъ. This suffix should be etymologically masculine. In the Old Czech, it was and the similar feminine suffix was -ěl, but these two suffixes have merged into one today. See e.g. Old Czech kúpěl –> koupel (instead of expected koupěl).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ ɛl]

Suffix

-el m anim or m inan or f (noun-forming suffix)

forms nouns
‎koza + ‎-el → ‎kozel

‎pleva + ‎-el → ‎plevel

‎koupat + ‎-el → ‎koupel

Declension

masculine animate (hard)

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	-el	-lové
genitive	-la	-lů
dative	-lovi, -lu	-lům
accusative	-la	-ly
vocative	-le	-lové
locative	-lovi, -lu	-lech
instrumental	-lem	-ly

Declension of -el (hard masculine animate reducible)

masculine inanimate (hard or soft)

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	-el	-ly
genitive	-lu	-lů
dative	-lu	-lům
accusative	-el	-ly
vocative	-le	-ly
locative	-lu	-lech
instrumental	-lem	-ly

Declension of -el (hard masculine inanimate reducible)

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	-el	-ele
genitive	-ele	-elů
dative	-eli	-elům
accusative	-el	-ele
vocative	-eli	-ele
locative	-eli	-elích
instrumental	-elem	-eli

Declension of -el (soft masculine inanimate)

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	-el	-le
genitive	-le	-lů
dative	-li	-lům
accusative	-el	-le
vocative	-li	-le
locative	-li	-lích
instrumental	-lem	-li

Declension of -el (soft masculine inanimate reducible)

feminine (soft)

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	-el	-ele
genitive	-ele	-elí
dative	-eli	-elím
accusative	-el	-ele
vocative	-eli	-ele
locative	-eli	-elích
instrumental	-elí	-elemi

Declension of -el (soft zero-ending feminine)

Derived terms

Czech terms suffixed with -el

Danish

Etymology

From French -el, from Latin -ālis.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /el/, [ˈɛlˀ]

Suffix

-el

-al
Synonym: -al

Declension

More information positive, comparative ...

Inflection of *-el*
	positive	comparative	superlative
indefinite common singular	-el	—	—²
indefinite neuter singular	-elt	—	—²
plural	-elle	—	—²
definite attributive¹	-elle	—	—

¹ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
² The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

(Adjectives)

More information neuter gender, singular ...

Declension of *-el*
neuter gender	singular		plural
neuter gender	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	-el	-ellet	-eller	-ellerne
genitive	-els	-ellets	-ellers	-ellernes

(Neuter nouns)

Derived terms

Danish terms suffixed with -el

References

“-el” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *-el, from Proto-West Germanic *-il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. probably more than one etymology involved

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /əl/

Suffix

-el (unproductive)

forms diminutive nouns
‎koren + ‎-el → ‎korrel
forms noun denoting an instrument
Synonym: -er

‎sluiten + ‎-el → ‎sleutel

Derived terms

Dutch terms suffixed with -el (instrument)

Esperanto

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Suffix

-el

in [...] way
-el is the ending for correlatives of manner or degree

Derived terms

kiel (“in what way, in what manner, how”)
tiel (“in that way, in that manner, thus”)
ĉiel (“in every way, in every manner”)
iel (“in some way, in some manner, somehow”)
neniel (“in no way, nohow”)
(nonce) aliel (“in another way, somehow else”)

Franco-Provençal

Pronoun

-el f

postpositive form of el

French

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Italic *-ālis

Latin -ālis

Old French -el

French -el

Inherited from Old French -el, from Latin -ālis. Doublet of -al.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛl/
Audio: (file)

Suffix

-el (feminine -elle, masculine plural -els, feminine plural -elles)

forms adjectives from nouns: -al

Derived terms

French terms suffixed with -el

Descendants

→ Danish: -el
→ Dutch: -eel
- Afrikaans: -eel
- → Indonesian: -il
→ German: -ell
→ Norwegian Bokmål: -ell
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: -ell
→ Swedish: -ell
→ Turkish: -sel
→ Yiddish: ־על (-el)

German

Etymology

From Middle High German -el, from Old High German -il, direct descendant of Proto-West Germanic *-il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz, or from dialectal variants of -lein, which as well ultimately go back to *-ilaz or to *-ilingaz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /əl/
Audio: (file)

Suffix

-el n

suffix in diminutives (regional)
‎Kind (“child”) + ‎-el → ‎Kindel (“little child, darling”)

‎Haus (“house”) + ‎-el → ‎Häusel (“little house”)
suffix in nouns indicating appurtenance
‎Arm (“arm”) + ‎-el → ‎Ärmel (“sleeve”)

‎Eiche (“oak”) + ‎-el → ‎Eichel (“acorn”)
suffix in agent and instrumental nouns
Büttel, Meißel, Weisel

Derived terms

Hungarian

Etymology

From -e- +‎ -l.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɛl]
Rhymes: -ɛl

Suffix

-el

(personal suffix) Forms the second-person singular present tense of verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
‎keres (“to seek”) + ‎-el → ‎keresel (“you seek, you are seeking”)
(verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form a verb.
‎ebéd (“lunch”) + ‎-el → ‎ebédel (“to eat lunch”)
(noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun. No longer productive in this role.
‎lep (“to cover”) + ‎-el → ‎lepel (“wrap”)

Usage notes

More information Person, Back vowel ...

Person		Back vowel	Front vowel
Person		Back vowel	unrounded	rounded
én	1st person singular	-ok	-ek	-ök
én	-ik verbs (optional)	-om	-em	-öm
te	2nd person singular	-sz
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-asz	-esz
	after s, sz, z, dz	-ol	-el	-öl
ő maga ön	3rd person singular	–
ő maga ön	-ik verbs	-ik
mi	1st person plural	-unk	-ünk
ti	2nd person plural	-tok	-tek	-tök
ti	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-otok	-etek	-ötök
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural	-nak	-nek
ők maguk önök	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anak	-enek
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.

Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes

(personal suffix) Variants:
-sz added to verbs not in the categories listed below
‎vár (“to wait”) + ‎-sz → ‎vársz (“you wait, you are waiting”)

-asz added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
‎hall (“to hear”) + ‎-asz → ‎hallasz (“you hear, you are hearing”)

‎tanít (“to teach”) + ‎-asz → ‎tanítasz (“you teach, you are teaching”)

-esz added to front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
‎dönt (“to decide”) + ‎-esz → ‎döntesz (“you decide, you are deciding”)

‎segít (“to help”) + ‎-esz → ‎segítesz (“you help, you are helping”)

-ol added to back-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
‎olvas (“to read”) + ‎-ol → ‎olvasol (“you read, you are reading”)

-el added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
‎vesz (“to buy”) + ‎-el → ‎veszel (“you buy, you are buying”)

-öl added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
‎főz (“to cook”) + ‎-öl → ‎főzöl (“you cook, you are cooking”)
(verb-forming suffix) Variants:
-l is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final long vowels may shorten, e.g. ű → ü.

-ol is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

-al is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant

-el is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant

-öl is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

-ál is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

Note: Certain words take another, synonymous suffix, -z/-oz/-az/-ez/-öz/-áz or -zik/-ozik/-azik/-ezik/-özik.

(noun-forming suffix) Variants:
-al is added to back-vowel words

-el is added to front-vowel words

Derived terms

Hungarian verbs suffixed with -el

Hungarian nouns suffixed with -el

kimenetel

lepel

Low German

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German -el, from Old Saxon -il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.

Suffix

-el m

Suffix forming nouns originally denoting an agent from verbs.
Lepel, Snavel, Stickel

Etymology 2

From Middle Low German -ling. Result of resegmentation of nouns with -el and -ing suffixes. See the English suffix -ling. Akin to English, Dutch and German -ling.

Suffix

-el m

A suffix that describes a male person (or other creature) in terms of a place of origin or a quality, as defined by the root to which it is added. Now often replaced by a compound with Jung for a male person, and Deern for a female person such as Lehrjung, Lehrdeern (male/female pupil).

Derived terms

Bückel
Stickel

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English -el, -ol, from Proto-West Germanic *-ul, from Proto-Germanic *-ulaz.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-əl/

Suffix

-el

Forms adjectives meaning "tending to" or "able to" from verbs.

Derived terms

Middle English terms suffixed with -el (adjectival)

gripel

hatel

Descendants

English: -le
Scots: -le

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-əl/

Suffix

-el

Forms diminutives from verbs or other nouns.
Forms agent nouns from verbs or other nouns.

Derived terms

Middle English terms suffixed with -el (agentive)

Descendants

English: -le, -el
Scots: -le, -el

References

“-el, suf.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Etymology 3

From Old French -el, -ele, from Latin -ālis and -ellus, -ella.

Alternative forms

-ele, -ell, -elle, -eylle, -le, -yll, -ylle

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-ˈɛːl(ə)/, /-ɛl(ə)/

Suffix

-el

Forms diminutives from verbs or other nouns.

Derived terms

Middle English terms suffixed with -el (diminutive)

Descendants

English: -el, -le

Etymology 4

Suffix

-el

Alternative form of -al

Etymology 5

Suffix

-el

Alternative form of -elen

Norman

Etymology

From Old French -el, from Latin -ālis.

Suffix

-el

makes an adjectival form of a noun; -al

Derived terms

Norman terms suffixed with -el

îndustriel

vocâtionnel

Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьlъ, *-ъlъ.

Suffix

-el m pers or m animal or m inan (noun-forming suffix)

forms nouns
‎koza + ‎-el → ‎kozel

‎s- + viezti + ‎-el → ‎sviezel

Derived terms

Old Czech terms suffixed with -el

prdel

sviezel

Descendants

Czech: -el

Old English

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /el/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *-a-l-.

Suffix

-el

Alternative form of -ol

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.

Alternative forms

Suffix

-el

(causes i-mutation) agent and instrumental suffix creating nouns from verbs
‎crēopan (“to creep”) + ‎-el → ‎crypel (“cripple”)

‎bēodan (“to command”) + ‎-el → ‎bydel (“herald, messenger”)

‎spittan (“to dig”) + ‎-el → ‎spitel (“shovel”)

‎hladan (“to lade”) + ‎-el → ‎hlædel (“ladle”)

‎þrēapian (“to reprove, reprehend”) + ‎-el → ‎þrīpel (“instrument of punishment, cross”)

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	-el	-elas, -las
accusative	-el	-elas, -las
genitive	-eles, -les	-ela, -la
dative	-ele, -le	-elum, -lum

Descendants

Middle English: -el
- English: -le, -el
- Scots: -le, -el

Old French

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɛl/

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Italic *-ālis

Latin -ālis

Old French -el

Inherited from Latin -ālis, from Proto-Italic *-ālis.

Suffix

-el

used to form an adjective

Descendants

French: -el
- → Danish: -el
- → Dutch: -eel
  - Afrikaans: -eel
  - → Indonesian: -il
- → German: -ell
- → Norwegian Bokmål: -ell
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: -ell
- → Swedish: -ell
- → Turkish: -sel
- → Yiddish: ־על (-el)

Etymology 2

From Latin -ellus.

Suffix

-el

used to form a diminutive

Descendants

Angevin: -iau
Bourbonnais-Berrichon: -iau
Bourguignon: -eâ
Champenois: -é, -iau
Franc-Comtois: -é, -ia
French: -eau
Gallo: -ë, -iao
Lorrain: -é
Norman: -é, iaô
Picard: -iau, -ieu
Poitevin-Saintongeais: -ea
Walloon: -ea
→ Middle English: -el, -ele, -ell, -elle, -eylle, -le, -yll, -ylle
- English: -el, -le

Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti

Proto-Indo-European *-lós

Proto-Slavic *-ělъ

Polish -el

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ělъ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛl/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ɛl
Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

Suffix

-el m

forms masculine agent nouns
‎śmierdzieć + ‎-el → ‎śmierdziel

Declension

Masculine personal:

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	-el	-ele/-elowie
genitive	-ela	-eli/-elów
dative	-elowi	-elom
accusative	-ela	-eli/-elów
instrumental	-elem	-elami
locative	-elu	-elach
vocative	-elu	-ele/-elowie