Dog: skull bones that are shortened in length, giving the face and nose a pushed in appearance. Due to the shorter bones of the face and nose
Bulldogs (French and English), Boxer Dogs, Boston Terriers, Pekingese, Chinese Pugs, Lhasa Apsos, Shih Tzus, and Bull Mastiffs.
upper airway abnormalities that affect brachycephalic dogs
-stenotic nare=bnormally narrowed or small nostrils; the narrowing restricts the amount of air that can flow into the nostrils.
-elongated soft palate=soft palate that is too long for the length of the mouth; the excess length partially blocks the entrance to the trachea (windpipe) at the back of the throat.
-hypoplastic trachea=trachea has a smaller diameter than normal.
-laryngeal collapse=chronic stress placed on the cartilage of the larynx by other features of brachycephalic syndrome. Eventually, the larynx (voicebox) is not able to open as wide as normal causing further restriction in airflow.
-everted laryngeal saccules-tissue within the airway, just in front of the vocal cords, is pulled into the trachea (windpipe) and partially obstructs airflow.
CS=
increased airway resistance, effort require to inhale Most dogs with this syndrome are able to breathe more easily through their mouth than their nose
gagging, coughing, exercise intolerance, or difficulty breathing, resection of the excess soft palate may be necessary.
Treatment:Soft palate abnormalities should be treated if they cause distress to your pet
Soft palate resection (staphylectomy) is performed using a scalpel blade, scissors, or CO2 laser. (Figure 5) The palate is stretched (Figure 6) and the excess tissue is removed with blade or scissors.
Diagnose:
di
agnosed on the basis of the dog's breed, clinical signs, and results of a physical examination. Stenotic nares can usually be diagnosed on visual inspection. Diagnosis of an elongated soft palate, everted laryngeal saccules, or other associated anatomical changes in the mouth will require heavy sedation or full general anesthesia.
agnosed on the basis of the dog's breed, clinical signs, and results of a physical examination. Stenotic nares can usually be diagnosed on visual inspection. Diagnosis of an elongated soft palate, everted laryngeal saccules, or other associated anatomical changes in the mouth will require heavy sedation or full general anesthesia.
Since dogs with this syndrome have an increased risk of complications associated with general anesthesia, your veterinarian will recommend pre-anesthetic blood work and chest X-rays to evaluate the general health of your dog and minimize the risks. If your pet undergoes general anesthesia to diagnose this condition, your veterinarian will recommend that any necessary surgical correction be performed at the same time.
https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/brachycephalic-airway-syndrome-in-dogs
https://www.acvs.org/small-animal/brachycephalic-syndrome
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