Khoàⁿ "Hóe-chheⁿ"--ê goân-sí lōe-iông

{{Infobox planet
| name                   = Hóe-chheⁿ
| symbol                 = [[File:Mars symbol (bold).svg|24px|♂]]
| image                  = OSIRIS Mars true color.jpg
| image_alt              =
| caption                =
| background             = #f8f9fa
| adjectives             =
| orbit_ref              =  
| epoch                  = [[J2000]]
| aphelion               = {{convert|249200000|km|mi AU|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x|<br/><small>(|)</small>}}
| perihelion             = {{convert|206700000|km|mi AU|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x|<br/><small>(|)</small>}}
| time_periastron        = 2020-Aug-03
| semimajor              = {{convert|227939200|km|mi AU|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x|<br/><small>(|)</small>}}
| eccentricity           = {{val|0.0934}}
| period                 = {{convert|686.971|d|years|comma=gaps|abbr=on|lk=out|disp=x|<br/><small>(|; {{val|668.5991}}&nbsp;[[timekeeping on Mars|sols]])</small>}}
| synodic_period         = {{convert|779.96|d|years|comma=gaps|abbr=on|lk=out|disp=x|<br/><small>(|)</small>}}
| avg_speed              = {{convert|24.007|km/s|km/h mph|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x|<br/><small>(|)</small>}}
| inclination            = {{ublist|class=nowrap |{{val|1.850|u=°}} to [[ecliptic]]; |{{val|5.65|u=°}} the [[Sun]]'s [[equator]]; |{{val|1.67|u=°}} to [[invariable plane]]}}
| asc_node               = {{val|49.558|u=°}}
| arg_peri               = {{val|286.502|u=°}}
| mean_anomaly           = 19.412°

| satellites             = [[Moons of Mars|2]]
| allsatellites          = yes
| mean_radius            = {{convert|3389.5|±|0.2|km|mi|1|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| <br/><small>(|)</small>}}
| equatorial_radius      = {{convert|3396.2|±|0.1|km|mi|1|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| <br/><small>(|; 0.533 Earths)</small>}}
| polar_radius           = {{convert|3376.2|±|0.1|km|mi|1|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| <br/><small>(|; 0.531 Earths)</small>}}
| flattening             = {{val|0.00589|0.00015}} <!-- calculated from data in ref name="Seidelmann2007" -->
| surface_area           = {{convert|144798500|km2|sqmi|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x|<br/><small>(|; 0.284 Earths<!--144,371,391 km2 in [http://www.peeep.us/7437231b]-->)</small>}}
| volume                 = {{val|1.6318|e=11|u=km3}}<br/><small>(0.151 Earths)</small>
| mass                   = {{val|6.4171|e=23|u=kg}}<br/><small>(0.107 Earths)</small>
| density                = {{convert|3.9335|g/cm3|lb/cuin|4|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x|<br/><small>(|)</small>}}
| surface_grav           = {{convert|3.72076|m/s2|ft/s2|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x|<br/><small>(|; 0.3794&nbsp;''[[g-force|g]]'')</small>}}
| moment_of_inertia_factor = {{val|0.3662|0.0017}}
| escape_velocity        = {{convert|5.027|km/s|km/h mph|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x|<br/><small>(|)</small>}}
| sidereal_day           = {{val|1.025957|u=day}}<br/>{{RA|24|37|22.7}}
| rot_velocity           = {{convert|868.22|km/h|m/s km/h mph|order=out|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x|<br/><small>(|)</small>}}
| axial_tilt             = {{val|25.19|u=°}} to its orbital plane
| right_asc_north_pole   = {{val|317.68143|u=°}}<br/>{{RA|21|10|44}}
| declination            = {{val|52.88650|u=°}}
| albedo                 = {{ublist|class=nowrap |0.170 [[Geometric albedo|geometric]] |0.25 [[Bond albedo|Bond]]}}
| temp_name1             = [[Kelvin]]
| min_temp_1             = 130&nbsp;K
| mean_temp_1            = 210&nbsp;K
| max_temp_1             = 308&nbsp;K
| temp_name2             = [[Celsius]]
| min_temp_2             = −143&nbsp;°C
| mean_temp_2            = −63&nbsp;°C
| max_temp_2             = 35&nbsp;°C
| temp_name3             = [[Fahrenheit]]
| min_temp_3             = −226&nbsp;°F
| mean_temp_3            = −82&nbsp;°F
| max_temp_3             = 95&nbsp;°F
| magnitude              = −2.94 to +1.86
| angular_size           = 3.5–25.1″
| atmosphere_ref         = 
| surface_pressure       = 0.636 (0.4–0.87)&nbsp;[[pascal (unit)|kPa]]<br/>0.00628&nbsp;[[atmosphere (unit)|atm]]
| atmosphere_composition = {{plainlist|
* 95.97% [[jī-sng-hòa thòaⁿ-sò͘]]
* 1.93% [[argon]]
* 1.89% [[chek-sò͘]]
* 0.146% [[sng-sò͘]]
* 0.0557% [[it-sng-hoà thoàⁿ-sò͘]]
* 0.0210% [[chúi-cheng-khì]]
* 0.0100% [[chek-sò͘ sng-hòa-bu̍t]]
* 0.00025% [[neon]]
* 0.00008% [[poàn-tiōng-chúi|chúi-sò͘ kap tiōng-chúi-sò͘ ê sng-hòa-bu̍t]]
* 0.00003% [[krypton]]
* 0.00001% [[xenon]]
}}
}}
'''Hóe-chheⁿ''' ({{hanji|火星}}, {{lang-en|Mars}}), mā tha̍k chò Hé-chhiⁿ, Hér-chhiⁿ, sī lán [[Thài-iông-hē]] tē 4 oá [[Ji̍t-thaû]] ê [[he̍k-chheⁿ]]. I khoàⁿ--khí-lâi [[âng|âng-âng]], choâⁿ-á mā hông kiò-chò '''Âng He̍k-chheⁿ''' (''The Red Planet''). Hoé-chheⁿ ū 2 lia̍p [[oē-chheⁿ]], [[Phobos (oē-chheⁿ)|Phobos]] kap [[Deimos (oē-chheⁿ)|Deimos]], lóng sè-sè lia̍p, hêng koh ku-koài, pún-té eng-tong sī [[sió-he̍k-chheⁿ]]. 

== Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat ==

{{commons|Mars}}

* [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/marsfact.html NASA's Mars fact sheet]
* [http://www.nineplanets.org/mars.html Nine Planets Mars page]
* [http://www.marsnews.com MarsNews.com - News and info site]
* [http://www.student.oulu.fi/~jkorteni/space/mars/surface/ Introduction to Martian topography, with Hubble Space Telescope photos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040118075849/http://www.student.oulu.fi/~jkorteni/space/mars/surface/ |date=2004-01-18 }}
* [http://www.geoinf.fu-berlin.de/mex/ FU Berlin: HRSC (camera) experiment at Mars Express] (eng. & ger.; press releases and high resolution images)
* [http://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/mars24/help/notes.html Technical Notes about Time on Mars]
* [http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4212/on-mars.html On Mars: Exploration of the Red Planet 1958-1978] from the NASA History Office.
* [http://flagspot.net/flags/mars.html The Mars Society flag]
* [http://www.vias.org/spacetrip/mars_globalview.html A Trip Into Space] Photos and descriptions of Mars
* [http://www.cato.org/pubs/wtpapers/980815paper.html Martian Law - a CATO white paper]
* [http://www.marsunearthed.com/ Mars Unearthed] - Comparisons of terrains between Earth and Mars
* [http://www.ibiblio.org//e-notes/VRML/Globe/Globe.htm 3D VRML Mars globe]

=== Hoé-chheⁿ ê chúi ===
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4727847.stm Highly visible ice lake found on Mars - BBC]
* Dr. [[Tony Phillips]]: [http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2000/ast29jun_1m.htm "Making a Splash on Mars"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326142824/http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2000/ast29jun_1m.htm |date=2010-03-26 }}, ''Science@[[NASA]]'' article, [[June 29]], [[2000]]. Phillips describes the Martian "gullies" and explains the conditions under which liquid water can exist on the surface of Mars.
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_2009000/2009318.stm BBC News story on subsurface ice deposits on Mars]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/3426539.stm BBC News update on Mars Express' findings of polar water ice and water-eroded features on the surface]
* [http://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/solarsystem/opportunity_water.html Mars Rover Scientists Wring Water Story from Rocks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041031213641/http://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/solarsystem/opportunity_water.html |date=2004-10-31 }} This image taken by Mars Rover ''Opportunity'' shows microscopic rock forms indicating past signs of water.  Courtesy: NASA
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4285119.stm BBC News Mars pictures reveal frozen sea]

=== Hoé-chheⁿ thàm-hiám ===

* [http://www.transhumanist.com/volume4/space.htm The Political Economy of Very Large Space Projects (Journal Of Evolution and Technology)]
* [http://www.exploremarsnow.org/ exploreMarsnow] Interactive Mars base simulation. Winner of 2003 Webby Award for Science.
* [http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/home/index.html NASA Mars Exploration Rover Home Page]
* [http://dualmoments.com/marsrovers/index.html Be on Mars] Anaglyphs from the Mars Rovers (3D)

=== Chham-khó chu-liāu ===

* William Sheehan, [http://www.uapress.arizona.edu/onlinebks/mars/contents.htm ''The Planet Mars: A History of Observation and Discovery''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601041317/http://www.uapress.arizona.edu/onlinebks/MARS/CONTENTS.HTM |date=2009-06-01 }}, The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1996
* [[Vladimir A. Krasnopolsky]], [[Jean-Pierre Maillard]], [[Tobias C. Owen]], "[http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU04/06169/EGU04-A-06169.pdf Detection of Methane in the Martian Atmosphere:  Evidence for Life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051225100141/http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU04/06169/EGU04-A-06169.pdf |date=2005-12-25 }}"

{{Thài-iông-hē}}
{{Authority control}}
{{phí}}

[[Category:Thài-iông-hē]]
[[Lūi-pia̍t:Hóe-chheⁿ]]