孤䳍:修订间差异
小无编辑摘要 |
修改䳍的转换 |
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{{Taxobox |
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{{全局僻字|𮭥|⿰共鸟|䳍}} |
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| name = 孤䳍 |
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{{Speciesbox |
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| status = NT |
| status = NT |
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| status_system = iucn3.1 |
| status_system = iucn3.1 |
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| status_ref = <ref name = "BLI">{{IUCN2008|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2008|id=141096|title=Tinamus solitarius|downloaded=06 November 2008}}</ref> |
| status_ref = <ref name = "BLI">{{IUCN2008|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2008|id=141096|title=Tinamus solitarius|downloaded=06 November 2008}}</ref> |
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| image = Tinamus_solitarius.jpg |
| image = Tinamus_solitarius.jpg |
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⚫ | | authority = ([[Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot|Vieillot]], 1819)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.taxonomy.nl/Main/Classification/51358.htm | title=Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification, Tinamus solitarius | accessdate=Feb 4, 2009 | last=Brands | first=Sheila | authorlink= | date=Aug 14, 2008 | work=Project: The Taxonomicon | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601214758/http://www.taxonomy.nl/Main/Classification/51358.htm | archivedate=2009-06-01 }}</ref> |
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| image_width = 250px |
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| regnum = [[動物界]] Animalia |
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| phylum = [[脊索動物門]] Chordata |
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| classis = [[鳥綱]] Aves |
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| ordo = [[䳍形目]] Tinamiformes |
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| familia = [[䳍科]] Tinamidae |
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| binomial = ''Tinamus solitarius'' |
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* ''Cryptura solitaria'' |
* ''Cryptura solitaria'' |
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* ''Tinamus solitarius pernambucensis'' |
* ''Tinamus solitarius pernambucensis'' |
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==分類== |
==分類== |
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孤䳍屬於[[䳍科]]。牠們一般能夠飛行,但不能長久。牠們是[[鴕鳥目]]的近親。<ref name="Davies">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Davies |first=S.J.J.F.|editor1-first=Michael |editor1-last= Hutchins|encyclopedia=Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia |title=Tinamous |edition=2 |year=2003 |publisher=Gale Group|volume=8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins |location=Farmington Hills, MI|isbn=0 7876 5784 0 |pages=57-59}}</ref>以往牠們分為兩個[[亞種]]:[[巴西]]東北部的''Tinamus solitarius pernambucensis''及[[巴拉圭]]東部南與[[阿根廷]]東北部的指名亞種''Tinamus solitarius solitarius'',不過前者並不獨特與指名亞種,只有個別的有特別的色彩。<ref name=Raposo2004>{{Cite journal en|author=Raposo do Amaral, Fábio Sarubbi & Silveira, Luís Fábio|year=2004|title=''Tinamus solitarius pernambucensis'' Berla, 1946 é sinônimo de ''Tinamus solitarius'' (Vieillot, 1819)|journal=Ararajuba|volume=12|issue=1|pages=33-41| |
孤䳍屬於[[䳍科]]。牠們一般能夠飛行,但不能長久。牠們是[[鴕鳥目]]的近親。<ref name="Davies">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Davies |first=S.J.J.F.|editor1-first=Michael |editor1-last= Hutchins|encyclopedia=Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia |title=Tinamous |edition=2 |year=2003 |publisher=Gale Group|volume=8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins |location=Farmington Hills, MI|isbn=0 7876 5784 0 |pages=57-59}}</ref>以往牠們分為兩個[[亞種]]:[[巴西]]東北部的''Tinamus solitarius pernambucensis''及[[巴拉圭]]東部南與[[阿根廷]]東北部的指名亞種''Tinamus solitarius solitarius'',不過前者並不獨特與指名亞種,只有個別的有特別的色彩。<ref name=Raposo2004>{{Cite journal en |author=Raposo do Amaral, Fábio Sarubbi & Silveira, Luís Fábio |year=2004 |title=''Tinamus solitarius pernambucensis'' Berla, 1946 é sinônimo de ''Tinamus solitarius'' (Vieillot, 1819) |journal=Ararajuba |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=33-41 |url=http://www.ib.usp.br/~lfsilveira/tinamus.pdf.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203153/http://www.ib.usp.br/~lfsilveira/tinamus.pdf.pdf |archivedate=2007-09-27 |access-date=2009-03-31 }}</ref> |
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==特徵== |
==特徵== |
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==分佈== |
==分佈== |
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孤䳍分佈在[[巴西]]的[[巴伊亞]]東南部、[[米納斯吉拉斯]]東部、[[聖埃斯皮里圖州]]、[[里約熱內盧州]]、[[聖保羅州]]、[[南馬托格羅索州]]東部、[[巴拉那州]]、[[聖卡塔琳娜州]]及[[南里奧格蘭德州]]北部。牠們亦在[[巴拉圭]]東南部及[[阿根廷]]東北部的[[米西奧內斯省 (阿根廷)|米西奧內斯省]]出沒。<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clements |first1=James |title=The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World |edition=6 |year=2007 |publisher= Cornell University Press|location=Ithaca, NY |isbn=978 0 8014 4501 9}}</ref |
孤䳍分佈在[[巴西]]的[[巴伊亞]]東南部、[[米納斯吉拉斯]]東部、[[聖埃斯皮里圖州]]、[[里約熱內盧州]]、[[聖保羅州]]、[[南馬托格羅索州]]東部、[[巴拉那州]]、[[聖卡塔琳娜州]]及[[南里奧格蘭德州]]北部。牠們亦在[[巴拉圭]]東南部及[[阿根廷]]東北部的[[米西奧內斯省 (阿根廷)|米西奧內斯省]]出沒。<ref name="BLI"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Clements |first1=James |title=The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World |url=https://archive.org/details/clementschecklis0000clem_t1e2 |edition=6 |year=2007 |publisher= Cornell University Press|location=Ithaca, NY |isbn=978 0 8014 4501 9}}</ref> |
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==行為== |
==行為== |
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==生態== |
==生態== |
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孤䳍棲息在低地潮濕的[[熱帶雨林]]及山區高達[[海拔]]1200米的[[森林]]。<ref name="BLI"/>牠們棲息在[[次生林]],且能容忍一定程度的間伐。牠們不喜歡種植外來[[植物]]的地方。由於牠們的數量豐富,被獵殺仍未至瀕危的地步。有一些孤䳍生活在偏遠的森林[[交錯群落]]中,佔地只有約400公頃。<ref name="Simon (2000)">{{Cite journal en|author=Simon, José Eduardo|year=2000|title=Composição da Avifauna da Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, Santa Teresa - ES|journal=Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão N.S.|volume=11-12|pages=149-170|url=http://www.melloleitao.iphan.gov.br/boletim/arquivos/11_12/Artigo9_Boletim_11_12.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Silveira (2005)">{{Cite journal en|author=Silveira, Luís Fábio; Develey, Pedro Ferreira; Pacheco, José Fernando & Whitney, Bret M.|year=2005|title=Avifauna of the Serra das Lontras–Javi montane complex, Bahia, Brazil|journal=Cotinga|volume=24|pages=45-54|url=http://www.ib.usp.br/~lfsilveira/lontras.pdf}}</ref> |
孤䳍棲息在低地潮濕的[[熱帶雨林]]及山區高達[[海拔]]1200米的[[森林]]。<ref name="BLI"/>牠們棲息在[[次生林]],且能容忍一定程度的間伐。牠們不喜歡種植外來[[植物]]的地方。由於牠們的數量豐富,被獵殺仍未至瀕危的地步。有一些孤䳍生活在偏遠的森林[[交錯群落]]中,佔地只有約400公頃。<ref name="Simon (2000)">{{Cite journal en |author=Simon, José Eduardo |year=2000 |title=Composição da Avifauna da Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, Santa Teresa - ES |journal=Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão N.S. |volume=11-12 |pages=149-170 |url=http://www.melloleitao.iphan.gov.br/boletim/arquivos/11_12/Artigo9_Boletim_11_12.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070730145222/http://www.melloleitao.iphan.gov.br/boletim/arquivos/11_12/Artigo9_Boletim_11_12.pdf |archivedate=2007-07-30 |access-date=2009-03-31 }}</ref><ref name="Silveira (2005)">{{Cite journal en|author=Silveira, Luís Fábio; Develey, Pedro Ferreira; Pacheco, José Fernando & Whitney, Bret M.|year=2005|title=Avifauna of the Serra das Lontras–Javi montane complex, Bahia, Brazil|journal=Cotinga|volume=24|pages=45-54|url=http://www.ib.usp.br/~lfsilveira/lontras.pdf}}{{dead link|date=2017年12月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
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==保育== |
==保育== |
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孤䳍現時因[[城市化]]、[[工業化]]、[[農業]]發展及建設道路不斷的伐林而受到威脅。牠們因過度獵殺,[[世界自然保護聯盟]]將牠們列為近危<ref name="BLI"/>,其分佈地只有990000平方公里。<ref name=BLI2008a>{{cite web| url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=12&m=0 | title=Solitary Tinamou - BirdLife Species Factsheet | accessdate= |
孤䳍現時因[[城市化]]、[[工業化]]、[[農業]]發展及建設道路不斷的伐林而受到威脅。牠們因過度獵殺,[[世界自然保護聯盟]]將牠們列為近危<ref name="BLI"/>,其分佈地只有990000平方公里。<ref name=BLI2008a>{{cite web | url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=12&m=0 | title=Solitary Tinamou - BirdLife Species Factsheet | accessdate=6 Feb 2009 | author=BirdLife International | year=2008(a) | work=Data Zone | archive-date=2009-01-05 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105001238/http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=12&m=0 | dead-url=no }}</ref>以往分類為''T. s. pernambucensis''的群族已經非常罕有或已消失。北方的群族亦很稀有,歷史上就只有不多於6個標本。<ref name=BLI/><ref name=Raposo2004/><ref name=cabot1992/> |
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孤䳍較容易被引入到其他環境,在一些只有610公頃的森林地區,也可以見到牠們。<ref name=Faria2006>{{Cite journal en|author=Faria, Christiana M.A.; Rodrigues, Marcos; do Amaral, Frederico Q.; Módena, Érica & Fernandes, Alexandre M.|year=2006|title=Aves de um fragmento de Mata Atlântica no alto Rio Doce, Minas Gerais: colonização e extinção|journal=Revista Brasileira de Zoologia|volume=23|issue=4|pages=1217-1230|doi=10.1590/S0101-81752006000400032|url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbzool/v23n4/32.pdf}}</ref> |
孤䳍較容易被引入到其他環境,在一些只有610公頃的森林地區,也可以見到牠們。<ref name=Faria2006>{{Cite journal en|author=Faria, Christiana M.A.; Rodrigues, Marcos; do Amaral, Frederico Q.; Módena, Érica & Fernandes, Alexandre M.|year=2006|title=Aves de um fragmento de Mata Atlântica no alto Rio Doce, Minas Gerais: colonização e extinção|journal=Revista Brasileira de Zoologia|volume=23|issue=4|pages=1217-1230|doi=10.1590/S0101-81752006000400032|url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbzool/v23n4/32.pdf|access-date=2009-03-31|archive-date=2010-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331083017/http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbzool/v23n4/32.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref> |
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==參考== |
==參考== |
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==外部連結== |
==外部連結== |
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* [http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=12&m=0 BirdLife Species Factsheet] |
* [http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=12&m=0 BirdLife Species Factsheet]{{Wayback|url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=12&m=0 |date=20090105001238 }} |
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* [http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/especie.phtml?idEspecie=12 Internet Bird Collection] |
* [http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/especie.phtml?idEspecie=12 Internet Bird Collection] |
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* [http://www.bird-stamps.org/cspecies/600200.htm 孤䳍的郵票] |
* [http://www.bird-stamps.org/cspecies/600200.htm 孤䳍的郵票]{{Wayback|url=http://www.bird-stamps.org/cspecies/600200.htm |date=20090403032813 }} |
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* [http://www.classicnatureprints.com/pr.Smit%20Birds/sm.tinamus.soltarius.sm.jpg 孤䳍的圖片];[http://www.classicnatureprints.com/pr.Smit%20Birds/Smit.birds.index1.html 孤䳍的介紹] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210640/http://www.classicnatureprints.com/pr.Smit%20Birds/sm.tinamus.soltarius.sm.jpg 孤䳍的圖片];[https://web.archive.org/web/20110708163224/http://www.classicnatureprints.com/pr.Smit%20Birds/Smit.birds.index1.html 孤䳍的介紹] |
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* [http://vireo.acnatsci.org/search.html?Form=Search&SEARCHBY=Common&KEYWORDS=solitary+tinamou&showwhat=images&AGE=All&SEX=All&ACT=All&Search=Search&VIEW=All&ORIENTATION=All&RESULTS=24 孤䳍的相片及映片] |
* [http://vireo.acnatsci.org/search.html?Form=Search&SEARCHBY=Common&KEYWORDS=solitary+tinamou&showwhat=images&AGE=All&SEX=All&ACT=All&Search=Search&VIEW=All&ORIENTATION=All&RESULTS=24 孤䳍的相片及映片]{{Wayback|url=http://vireo.acnatsci.org/search.html?Form=Search&SEARCHBY=Common&KEYWORDS=solitary+tinamou&showwhat=images&AGE=All&SEX=All&ACT=All&Search=Search&VIEW=All&ORIENTATION=All&RESULTS=24 |date=20110516103910 }} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q602080}} |
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[[br:Tinamou digenvez]] |
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[[Category:1819年描述的鸟类|G]] |
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[[de:Grausteißtinamu]] |
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[[en:Solitary Tinamou]] |
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[[es:Tinamus solitarius]] |
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[[fi:Erakkotinami]] |
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[[fr:Tinamou solitaire]] |
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[[hu:Remetetinamu]] |
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[[it:Tinamus solitarius]] |
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[[ja:オバシギダチョウ]] |
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[[lt:Ochrinis tinamas]] |
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[[pl:Kusacz samotny]] |
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[[pt:Macuco]] |
2023年7月19日 (三) 03:51的最新版本
孤䳍 | |
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科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 鸟纲 Aves |
目: | 䳍形目 Tinamiformes |
科: | 䳍科 Tinamidae |
属: | 䳍属 Tinamus |
种: | 孤䳍 T. solitarius
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二名法 | |
Tinamus solitarius | |
異名 | |
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孤䳍(學名:Tinamus solitarius)是巴西東部大西洋森林特有的一種鳥類。
分類
[编辑]孤䳍屬於䳍科。牠們一般能夠飛行,但不能長久。牠們是鴕鳥目的近親。[3]以往牠們分為兩個亞種:巴西東北部的Tinamus solitarius pernambucensis及巴拉圭東部南與阿根廷東北部的指名亞種Tinamus solitarius solitarius,不過前者並不獨特與指名亞種,只有個別的有特別的色彩。[4]
特徵
[编辑]孤䳍平均長45厘米。[5]背部的色調由橄欖色至銹色不等,頸下羽毛的明暗部亦有不同,且有黑色斑紋。Tinamus solitarius pernambucensis的羽毛較黃,在頸部有較多斑紋。[6]
分佈
[编辑]孤䳍分佈在巴西的巴伊亞東南部、米納斯吉拉斯東部、聖埃斯皮里圖州、里約熱內盧州、聖保羅州、南馬托格羅索州東部、巴拉那州、聖卡塔琳娜州及南里奧格蘭德州北部。牠們亦在巴拉圭東南部及阿根廷東北部的米西奧內斯省出沒。[1][7]
行為
[编辑]孤䳍會產形狀奇特的蛋,外表有光澤及充滿色彩。[6]牠們主要吃果實、種子或低的植物。雄鳥會在巢中孵化鳥蛋,且會照顧雛鳥一段短時間。[3]
生態
[编辑]孤䳍棲息在低地潮濕的熱帶雨林及山區高達海拔1200米的森林。[1]牠們棲息在次生林,且能容忍一定程度的間伐。牠們不喜歡種植外來植物的地方。由於牠們的數量豐富,被獵殺仍未至瀕危的地步。有一些孤䳍生活在偏遠的森林交錯群落中,佔地只有約400公頃。[8][9]
保育
[编辑]孤䳍現時因城市化、工業化、農業發展及建設道路不斷的伐林而受到威脅。牠們因過度獵殺,世界自然保護聯盟將牠們列為近危[1],其分佈地只有990000平方公里。[10]以往分類為T. s. pernambucensis的群族已經非常罕有或已消失。北方的群族亦很稀有,歷史上就只有不多於6個標本。[1][4][6]
孤䳍較容易被引入到其他環境,在一些只有610公頃的森林地區,也可以見到牠們。[11]
參考
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 BirdLife International. Tinamus solitarius. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. [06 November 2008].
- ^ Brands, Sheila. Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification, Tinamus solitarius. Project: The Taxonomicon. Aug 14, 2008 [Feb 4, 2009]. (原始内容存档于2009-06-01).
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Davies, S.J.J.F. Tinamous. Hutchins, Michael (编). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. 8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins 2. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group: 57–59. 2003. ISBN 0 7876 5784 0.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Raposo do Amaral, Fábio Sarubbi & Silveira, Luís Fábio. Tinamus solitarius pernambucensis Berla, 1946 é sinônimo de Tinamus solitarius (Vieillot, 1819) (PDF). Ararajuba. 2004, 12 (1): 33–41 [2009-03-31]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-09-27).
- ^ Harrison, Colin; Greensmith, Alan. Non-asserines. Bunting, Edward (编). Birds of the World First. New York, NY: Dorling Kindersley. 1993: 42. ISBN 1 56458 295 7.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Cabot, José. Solitary Tinamou. del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew & Sargatal, Jordi (eds.) (编). Handbook of Birds of the World (Volume 1: Ostrich to Ducks). Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. 1992: 127, Plate 6. ISBN 84-87334-10-5.
- ^ Clements, James. The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World 6. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 2007. ISBN 978 0 8014 4501 9.
- ^ Simon, José Eduardo. Composição da Avifauna da Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, Santa Teresa - ES (PDF). Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão N.S. 2000, 11–12: 149–170 [2009-03-31]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-07-30).
- ^ Silveira, Luís Fábio; Develey, Pedro Ferreira; Pacheco, José Fernando & Whitney, Bret M. Avifauna of the Serra das Lontras–Javi montane complex, Bahia, Brazil (PDF). Cotinga. 2005, 24: 45–54.[永久失效連結]
- ^ BirdLife International. Solitary Tinamou - BirdLife Species Factsheet. Data Zone. 2008(a) [6 Feb 2009]. (原始内容存档于2009-01-05).
- ^ Faria, Christiana M.A.; Rodrigues, Marcos; do Amaral, Frederico Q.; Módena, Érica & Fernandes, Alexandre M. Aves de um fragmento de Mata Atlântica no alto Rio Doce, Minas Gerais: colonização e extinção (PDF). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia. 2006, 23 (4): 1217–1230 [2009-03-31]. doi:10.1590/S0101-81752006000400032. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2010-03-31).