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貓肉:修订间差异

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[[File:Cats before slaughter 03.JPG|thumb|right|250px|在东亚市场出售的猫。这些猫会被餐館买走或現場屠宰。]]
[[File:Cats before slaughter 03.JPG|thumb|right|250px|在东亚市场出售的猫。这些猫会被餐館买走或現場屠宰。]]
'''貓肉'''是[[猫]]为原料食。人类在史前时代就有食用猫肉的记录<ref name="TaylorNegus1989">{{cite book|author1=David Taylor|author2=Daphne Negus|author3=Dave King |author4=Jane Burton |title=The Ultimate Cat Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rPdFgZzns30C&pg=PA9&dq=northern+italy+eat+cats&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwik2qSL88LPAhXGGh4KHYk9ApkQ6AEIQjAH#v=onepage&q=northern%20italy%20eat%20cats&f=false|year=1989|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-671-68649-9|pages=9|language=en}}</ref>雖然貓是寵物,而部分国家至今仍有食用猫肉的传统,這是不違法的(只要不是偷竊他人家貓或食用保育類品種等)。中国古籍《[[本草纲目]]》记载猫肉味道不佳,不适合食用,故当时极少有人食用<ref>《本草纲目》:然狸肉入食,猫肉不佳,亦不入食品,故用之者稀</ref>。
'''貓肉'''是[[猫]]制作供人用的肉。人类在史前时代就有食用猫肉的记录<ref name="TaylorNegus1989">{{cite book|author1=David Taylor|author2=Daphne Negus|author3=Dave King |author4=Jane Burton |title=The Ultimate Cat Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rPdFgZzns30C&pg=PA9&dq=northern+italy+eat+cats&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwik2qSL88LPAhXGGh4KHYk9ApkQ6AEIQjAH#v=onepage&q=northern%20italy%20eat%20cats&f=false|year=1989|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-671-68649-9|pages=9|language=en}}</ref>。
== 各地食用情况 ==
=== 亚洲 ===
在中国廣東,貓肉是傳統菜[[龍虎鳳]]的原料之一,当地人认为它能补身子。猫大腿的肉会制成肉丸煲汤,肠胃也会食用,頭部和其餘部分则会被丟棄。现在只有极其少数的中国人会食用猫肉,绝大部分人则将猫作为宠物饲养。[[深圳市]]和[[珠海市]]已于2020年禁止食用猫肉<ref>{{Cite web|title=深圳珠海相继禁食猫狗肉 律师:动物保护上了一个新台阶|url=https://finance.sina.cn/china/gncj/2020-04-16/detail-iirczymi6658787.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-16|date=2020-04-16|last=sina_mobile|work=finance.sina.cn}}</ref>。


在世界不同地区,社会对食用猫肉的接受程度是不同的。部分地区只是在战争或饥荒时期才吃猫肉,而另一些地区则认为吃猫肉会带来好运或健康,并早就有烹饪猫肉的食谱。雖然有部分人認定貓是寵物,而眾多國家至今仍有食用猫肉的传统,且认为是不違法的(只要不是偷竊他人家貓或食用保育類品種等)。
在日本,直到[[江户时代]]末一直有食用猫肉的记录。<ref name="hanleycat66">{{Cite book |last=Hanley |first=Susan |title=Everyday Things in Premodern Japan |year=1997 |page=66 |language=en}}</ref>在[[琉球群島]],猫肉是用于治疗[[胸膜炎]]、[[气管炎]]、[[肺病]]和[[痔瘡]]的传统食物。<ref>{{cite book|author1=渡口初美|title=沖縄の食養生料理|year=1979|location=国際料理学院|pages=12|language=ja}}</ref>


== 各地情况 ==
食用貓肉在[[朝鲜半岛]]是神經痛和[[關節炎]]的民間療法,而当地現代消費者也青睐喝貓肉湯。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://saynotodogmeat.net/2014/02/19/boiled-alive-cat-meat-soup-south-korea/ |title=Boiled Alive Cat Meat Soup, South Korea |work=SAY NO TO DOG MEAT.NET |accessdate=2015-11-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123001003/http://saynotodogmeat.net/2014/02/19/boiled-alive-cat-meat-soup-south-korea/ |archivedate=2015-11-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://our-compass.org/2012/04/09/ban-south-korean-dog-and-cat-meat-trade/|title=Ban South Korean dog and cat meat trade|work=Our Compass|accessdate=2015-11-22|archive-date=2021-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117071121/https://our-compass.org/2012/04/09/ban-south-korean-dog-and-cat-meat-trade/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animalliberationfront.com/ALFront/Actions-Korea/KoreaDogMeatUpdate.htm|title=Important Update On South Korean Dog And Cat Meat Trade|publisher=|accessdate=2015-11-22|archive-date=2019-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822214541/http://www.animalliberationfront.com/ALFront/Actions-Korea/KoreaDogMeatUpdate.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://koreandogs.org/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-10-19 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023065537/http://koreandogs.org/ |archivedate=2015-10-23 |df= }}</ref>


===亚洲===
在越南,食用猫肉属非法行为,但民众仍有食用。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailymeal.com/9-countries-eat-cats-and-dogs-slideshow|title=9 Countries That Eat Cats and Dogs (Slideshow)|work=The Daily Meal|accessdate=2015-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123031907/http://www.thedailymeal.com/9-countries-eat-cats-and-dogs-slideshow|archive-date=2015-11-23|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailymeal.com/9-countries-eat-cats-and-dogs/11414|title=9 Countries That Eat Cats and Dogs|work=The Daily Meal|accessdate=2015-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123030849/http://www.thedailymeal.com/9-countries-eat-cats-and-dogs/11414|archive-date=2015-11-23|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vietnamcoracle.com/cat-meat/|title=Cat Meat|work=Vietnam Coracle|accessdate=2015-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123042103/http://vietnamcoracle.com/cat-meat/|archive-date=2015-11-23|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedropoutdiaries.com/2012/11/the-truth-about-cats-dogs-in-vietnam/|title=The Truth About Cats & Dogs In Vietnam - The Dropout Diaries|work=The Dropout Diaries|accessdate=2015-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123033439/http://www.thedropoutdiaries.com/2012/11/the-truth-about-cats-dogs-in-vietnam/|archive-date=2015-11-23|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/international/5337677/Where-cat-sits-happily-on-the-menu|title=Where cat sits happily on the menu|work=Stuff|accessdate=2015-11-22|archive-date=2020-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413153304/http://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/5337677/Where-cat-sits-happily-on-the-menu|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2010/0722/Why-do-Vietnamese-keep-cats-on-a-leash-Hint-What-s-for-dinner|title=Why do Vietnamese keep cats on a leash? (Hint: What's for dinner?)|author=The Christian Science Monitor|work=The Christian Science Monitor|accessdate=2015-11-22|archive-date=2020-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024033440/https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2010/0722/Why-do-Vietnamese-keep-cats-on-a-leash-Hint-What-s-for-dinner|dead-url=no}}</ref>当地貓肉市場需求较大,河內的貓通常由中國和寮國偷運入境。据统计,越南每年要食用超过400万只猫。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://new.qq.com/omn/20200727/20200727A0OWQI00.html/|title=每年要吃掉400万只猫!?这个国家的人是疯了么?|work=[腾讯新闻]|accessdate=2020-11-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/new/20150417/594681/|title=越南恐怖「貓餐廳」 一天吃掉30隻貓|work=[[苹果日报 (台湾)|苹果日报]]|accessdate=2017-02-08}}</ref>贩卖猫肉的餐厅通常以“[[wiktionary:tiểu hổ|tiểu hổ]]”(意为“小虎”)代指猫肉。<ref name="Hopkins2004">{{cite book|author=Jerry Hopkins|title=Extreme Cuisine: The Weird and Wonderful Foods That People Eat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4ZPTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA25&dq=northern+italy+eat+cats&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwik2qSL88LPAhXGGh4KHYk9ApkQ6AEIIjAB#v=onepage&q=northern%20italy%20eat%20cats&f=false|date=2004-05-15|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|isbn=978-1-4629-0472-3|pages=25–}}</ref><ref name="Hopkins2014"/>


====中国====
中国古籍《[[本草纲目]]》记载猫肉味道不佳,不适合食用,故古时食貓肉並不盛行<ref>《本草纲目》:然狸肉入食,猫肉不佳,亦不入食品,故用之者稀</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://hk.news.yahoo.com/%E8%B2%93%E6%8D%89%E8%80%81%E9%BC%A0%E4%BA%A6%E5%8F%AF%E6%84%9B-%E5%8F%A4%E7%B1%8D%E8%A8%98%E8%BC%89%E5%91%B3%E5%92%B8%E9%85%B8-%E4%B8%8D%E5%85%A5%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E4%B8%8D%E5%AE%9C%E5%90%83-120851564.html|title=貓捉老鼠亦可愛 古籍記載味咸酸 不入食品不宜吃|website=Yahoo新聞|date=2023-02-14|publisher=on.cc東網專訊|access-date=2023-02-15|archive-date=2023-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413221246/https://hk.news.yahoo.com/%E8%B2%93%E6%8D%89%E8%80%81%E9%BC%A0%E4%BA%A6%E5%8F%AF%E6%84%9B-%E5%8F%A4%E7%B1%8D%E8%A8%98%E8%BC%89%E5%91%B3%E5%92%B8%E9%85%B8-%E4%B8%8D%E5%85%A5%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E4%B8%8D%E5%AE%9C%E5%90%83-120851564.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>,因此猫肉在中国并未被广泛食用。但在[[岭南]]地区的[[广东]]和[[广西]]两地,一些人——尤其是老年人——认为猫肉是冬季保暖的好食材<ref>{{cite news|date=July 26, 2009|title=Trying to get cat off the menu in China|agency=[[Toronto Star]]|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2009/07/26/trying_to_get_cat_off_the_menu_in_china.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 12, 2018|archive-date=April 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412151531/https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2009/07/26/trying_to_get_cat_off_the_menu_in_china.html}}</ref>。在中国廣東,貓肉是傳統菜[[龍虎鳳]]的原料之一,当地人认为它能补身子。猫大腿的肉会制成肉丸煲汤,肠胃也会食用,頭部和其餘部分则会被丟棄。目前僅有[[深圳市]]和[[珠海市]]于2020年禁止食用猫肉<ref>{{Cite web|title=深圳珠海相继禁食猫狗肉 律师:动物保护上了一个新台阶|url=https://finance.sina.cn/china/gncj/2020-04-16/detail-iirczymi6658787.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-16|date=2020-04-16|last=sina_mobile|work=finance.sina.cn|archive-date=2022-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509001059/https://finance.sina.cn/china/gncj/2020-04-16/detail-iirczymi6658787.d.html}}</ref>。

随着作为宠物的猫在中国广泛受到喜爱,反对以猫为食的传统做法的人也越来越多。2006 年 6 月,大约 40 名活动人士冲进深圳的方记猫肉丸餐厅,迫使其关闭<ref name="Fangji Cat Meatball Restaurant (Reuters)">{{Cite news |url=http://today.reuters.com/News/newsArticle.aspx?type=oddlyEnoughNews&storyID=2006-06-19T131415Z_01_PEK331544_RTRUKOC_0_US-CHINA-CATS.xml |access-date=October 22, 2006 |publisher=Reuters |title=Animal rights protest shuts restaurant |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060713014909/http://today.reuters.com/News/newsArticle.aspx?type=oddlyEnoughNews |archive-date=July 13, 2006 }}</ref>。

====日本====
在日本,直到[[江户时代]]末一直有食用猫肉的记录。<ref name="hanleycat66">{{Cite book |last=Hanley |first=Susan |title=Everyday Things in Premodern Japan |url=https://archive.org/details/everydaythingsin0000hanl |year=1997 |page=[https://archive.org/details/everydaythingsin0000hanl/page/66 66] |language=en}}</ref>在[[琉球群島]],猫肉是用于治疗[[胸膜炎]]、[[气管炎]]、[[肺病]]和[[痔瘡]]的传统食物。<ref>{{cite book|author1=渡口初美|title=沖縄の食養生料理|year=1979|location=国際料理学院|pages=12|language=ja}}</ref>

====朝鲜半岛====
食用貓肉在[[朝鲜半岛]]在历史上治疗[[神經痛]]和[[關節炎]]的民間療法,而当地現代消費者也青睐喝貓肉湯。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://saynotodogmeat.net/2014/02/19/boiled-alive-cat-meat-soup-south-korea/ |title=Boiled Alive Cat Meat Soup, South Korea |work=SAY NO TO DOG MEAT.NET |accessdate=2015-11-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123001003/http://saynotodogmeat.net/2014/02/19/boiled-alive-cat-meat-soup-south-korea/ |archivedate=2015-11-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://our-compass.org/2012/04/09/ban-south-korean-dog-and-cat-meat-trade/|title=Ban South Korean dog and cat meat trade|work=Our Compass|accessdate=2015-11-22|archive-date=2021-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117071121/https://our-compass.org/2012/04/09/ban-south-korean-dog-and-cat-meat-trade/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animalliberationfront.com/ALFront/Actions-Korea/KoreaDogMeatUpdate.htm|title=Important Update On South Korean Dog And Cat Meat Trade|publisher=|accessdate=2015-11-22|archive-date=2019-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822214541/http://www.animalliberationfront.com/ALFront/Actions-Korea/KoreaDogMeatUpdate.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://koreandogs.org/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-10-19 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023065537/http://koreandogs.org/ |archivedate=2015-10-23 |df= }}</ref>

====越南====
[[File:Thitmeo.jpg|thumb|right|250px|越南的一盘猫肉。]]
在越南,食用猫肉属非法行为,但民众仍有食用。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailymeal.com/9-countries-eat-cats-and-dogs-slideshow|title=9 Countries That Eat Cats and Dogs (Slideshow)|work=The Daily Meal|accessdate=2015-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123031907/http://www.thedailymeal.com/9-countries-eat-cats-and-dogs-slideshow|archive-date=2015-11-23|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailymeal.com/9-countries-eat-cats-and-dogs/11414|title=9 Countries That Eat Cats and Dogs|work=The Daily Meal|accessdate=2015-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123030849/http://www.thedailymeal.com/9-countries-eat-cats-and-dogs/11414|archive-date=2015-11-23|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vietnamcoracle.com/cat-meat/|title=Cat Meat|work=Vietnam Coracle|accessdate=2015-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123042103/http://vietnamcoracle.com/cat-meat/|archive-date=2015-11-23|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedropoutdiaries.com/2012/11/the-truth-about-cats-dogs-in-vietnam/|title=The Truth About Cats & Dogs In Vietnam - The Dropout Diaries|work=The Dropout Diaries|accessdate=2015-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123033439/http://www.thedropoutdiaries.com/2012/11/the-truth-about-cats-dogs-in-vietnam/|archive-date=2015-11-23|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/international/5337677/Where-cat-sits-happily-on-the-menu|title=Where cat sits happily on the menu|work=Stuff|accessdate=2015-11-22|archive-date=2020-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413153304/http://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/5337677/Where-cat-sits-happily-on-the-menu|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2010/0722/Why-do-Vietnamese-keep-cats-on-a-leash-Hint-What-s-for-dinner|title=Why do Vietnamese keep cats on a leash? (Hint: What's for dinner?)|author=The Christian Science Monitor|work=The Christian Science Monitor|accessdate=2015-11-22|archive-date=2020-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024033440/https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2010/0722/Why-do-Vietnamese-keep-cats-on-a-leash-Hint-What-s-for-dinner|dead-url=no}}</ref>当地貓肉市場需求较大,河內的貓通常由中國和寮國偷運入境。据统计,越南每年要食用超过400万只猫。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://new.qq.com/omn/20200727/20200727A0OWQI00.html/|title=每年要吃掉400万只猫!?这个国家的人是疯了么?|work=[腾讯新闻]|accessdate=2020-11-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/new/20150417/594681/|title=越南恐怖「貓餐廳」 一天吃掉30隻貓|work=[[苹果日报 (台湾)|苹果日报]]|accessdate=2017-02-08}}</ref>贩卖猫肉的餐厅通常以“[[wiktionary:tiểu hổ|tiểu hổ]]”(意为“小虎”)代指猫肉。<ref name="Hopkins2004">{{cite book|author=Jerry Hopkins|title=Extreme Cuisine: The Weird and Wonderful Foods That People Eat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4ZPTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA25&dq=northern+italy+eat+cats&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwik2qSL88LPAhXGGh4KHYk9ApkQ6AEIIjAB#v=onepage&q=northern%20italy%20eat%20cats&f=false|date=2004-05-15|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|isbn=978-1-4629-0472-3|pages=25–}}</ref><ref name="Hopkins2014"/>根据越南北部的人们的说法,猫胆具有壮阳作用<ref name="Hopkins2004"/><ref name="Hopkins2014">{{cite book|author=Jerry Hopkins|title=Strange Foods|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WXtzBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA8|date=December 23, 2014|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|isbn=978-1-4629-1676-4|pages=8–|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=April 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412151551/https://books.google.com/books?id=WXtzBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA8|url-status=live}}</ref>。然而,河内市的官员在2018年敦促市民停止吃狗肉和猫肉,理由是担心屠宰动物的残忍方法以及这种做法传播的疾病,包括狂犬病和钩端螺旋体病,不过,这种劝告的主要原因似乎是担心食用猫狗可能会损害这座城市作为“文明和现代首都”的形象,因为相当一部分供食用的“流浪猫狗”实际上是城市里丢失的宠物<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-45492907|title=Vietnamese capital Hanoi asks people not to eat dog meat|work=BBC News|date=September 12, 2018|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=September 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912140708/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-45492907|url-status=live}}</ref>。

====印度====
印度的部分地区也有食用猫肉的习惯。猫肉是Narikurvar族人婚礼的菜肴之一。在男性婴儿出生时,Narikurvar族人有时也会烹饪猫肉汤庆祝。<ref name="huffindia">{{cite news|publisher=HuffingtonPost|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/11/01/for-biryani-in-chennai-cats-are-being-boiled-alive/?ncid=fcbklnkinhpmg00000001|title=For biryani in Chennai, cats are being boiled alive, sold for Rs 100 per kg|accessdate=2017-02-08|date=2016-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104041009/http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/11/01/for-biryani-in-chennai-cats-are-being-boiled-alive/?ncid=fcbklnkinhpmg00000001|archive-date=2016-11-04|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
印度的部分地区也有食用猫肉的习惯。猫肉是Narikurvar族人婚礼的菜肴之一。在男性婴儿出生时,Narikurvar族人有时也会烹饪猫肉汤庆祝。<ref name="huffindia">{{cite news|publisher=HuffingtonPost|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/11/01/for-biryani-in-chennai-cats-are-being-boiled-alive/?ncid=fcbklnkinhpmg00000001|title=For biryani in Chennai, cats are being boiled alive, sold for Rs 100 per kg|accessdate=2017-02-08|date=2016-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104041009/http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/11/01/for-biryani-in-chennai-cats-are-being-boiled-alive/?ncid=fcbklnkinhpmg00000001|archive-date=2016-11-04|dead-url=yes}}</ref>


=== 其它地区 ===
====澳大利亚====
在澳大利亚[[愛麗斯泉]]地区,当地[[澳大利亚原住民|原住民]]有烧烤野猫肉的传统,他们甚至发明了炖猫肉的食谱。而后来,当地的一些非原住民也开始食用猫肉。<ref name="Australia">{{Cite news|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6974687.stm|publisher= BBC News|title= Australians cook up wild cat stew|date= 2007-09-02|accessdate= 2017-02-08|first= Phil|last= Mercer|archive-date= 2021-02-26|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210226151024/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6974687.stm|dead-url= no}}</ref>在喀麥隆,当地的一些文化认为,食用猫肉会给人们帶來好運。<ref>{{Cite news|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2857891.stm|title= The cat eaters of Cameroon|publisher= BBC News|date= 2003-03-17|accessdate= 2017-02-08|first= Francis|last= Ngwa-Niba|archive-date= 2020-04-12|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200412151528/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/2857891.stm|dead-url= no}}</ref>

===欧洲===
====英国====
十八世纪的英国曾有食用猫肉的记录。<ref name="The Cat Eaters">{{cite web |url=http://www.forteantimes.com/features/articles/260/the_cat_eaters.html |accessdate=2009-10-12 |title=The Cat Eaters |publisher=forteantimes.com |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090521072202/http://www.forteantimes.com/features/articles/260/the_cat_eaters.html |archivedate=2009-05-21 |df= }}</ref>
十八世纪的英国曾有食用猫肉的记录。<ref name="The Cat Eaters">{{cite web |url=http://www.forteantimes.com/features/articles/260/the_cat_eaters.html |accessdate=2009-10-12 |title=The Cat Eaters |publisher=forteantimes.com |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090521072202/http://www.forteantimes.com/features/articles/260/the_cat_eaters.html |archivedate=2009-05-21 |df= }}</ref>
西班牙和法国的部分地区有食用猫肉的习惯。<ref name="Albala2003"/>意大利北部也存在食用猫肉的现象,<ref name="Hopkins2004"/><ref name="Hopkins2014">{{cite book|author=Jerry Hopkins|title=Strange Foods|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WXtzBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA8&dq=northern+italy+eat+cats&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwik2qSL88LPAhXGGh4KHYk9ApkQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q=northern%20italy%20eat%20cats&f=false|date=2014-12-23|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|isbn=978-1-4629-1676-4|pages=8–}}</ref>人们至今仍对该国北部的[[维琴察]]人吃猫肉存有[[刻板印象]]。<ref name="Albala2003">{{cite book|author=Ken Albala|title=Food in Early Modern Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4f-l3-KG0LcC&pg=PA66&dq=northern+italy+eat+cats&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwik2qSL88LPAhXGGh4KHYk9ApkQ6AEIMTAE#v=onepage&q=northern%20italy%20eat%20cats&f=false|year=2003|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-31962-4|pages=66–}}</ref>


====法国和西班牙====
在秘鲁,猫肉不是常见菜肴,但在[[上欽查]]和[[瓦里 (秘魯)|瓦里]],猫肉是传统菜肴[[fricassee]]的原料之一。<ref name="FEATURE - 'Cat-eaters' take note - feline feast at Peru festival">{{cite web| url = http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/12575/newsDate/28-Sep-2001/story.htm| accessdate = 2008-02-16| title = 'Cat-eaters' take note - feline feast at Peru festival| publisher = planetark.com| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040911063224/http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/12575/newsDate/28-Sep-2001/story.htm| archive-date = 2004-09-11| dead-url = yes}}</ref>
在17世纪,以及第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间,西班牙和法国的部分地区有食用猫肉的习惯。<ref name="Albala2003"/>
在澳大利亚[[愛麗斯泉]]地区,当地[[澳大利亚原住民|原住民]]有烧烤野猫肉的传统,他们甚至发明了炖猫肉的食谱。而后来,当地的一些非原住民也开始食用猫肉。<ref name="Australia">{{Cite news|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6974687.stm|publisher= BBC News|title= Australians cook up wild cat stew|date= 2007-09-02|accessdate= 2017-02-08|first= Phil|last= Mercer|archive-date= 2021-02-26|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210226151024/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6974687.stm|dead-url= no}}</ref>在喀麥隆,当地的一些文化认为,食用猫肉会给人们帶來好運。<ref>{{Cite news|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2857891.stm|title= The cat eaters of Cameroon|publisher= BBC News|date= 2003-03-17|accessdate= 2017-02-08|first= Francis|last= Ngwa-Niba|archive-date= 2020-04-12|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200412151528/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/2857891.stm|dead-url= no}}</ref>

====意大利====
意大利北部也存在食用猫肉的现象,<ref name="Hopkins2004"/><ref name="Hopkins2014"/>人们至今仍对该国北部的[[维琴察]]人吃猫肉存有[[刻板印象]]。<ref name="Albala2003">{{cite book|author=Ken Albala|title=Food in Early Modern Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4f-l3-KG0LcC&pg=PA66&dq=northern+italy+eat+cats&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwik2qSL88LPAhXGGh4KHYk9ApkQ6AEIMTAE#v=onepage&q=northern%20italy%20eat%20cats&f=false|year=2003|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-31962-4|pages=66–}}</ref>

===美洲===

====秘鲁====
在秘鲁,猫肉不是常见菜肴,但在[[上欽查]]和[[瓦里 (秘魯)|瓦里]],猫肉是传统菜肴[[白汁肉塊]]的原料之一。<ref name="FEATURE - 'Cat-eaters' take note - feline feast at Peru festival">{{cite web| url = http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/12575/newsDate/28-Sep-2001/story.htm| accessdate = 2008-02-16| title = 'Cat-eaters' take note - feline feast at Peru festival| publisher = planetark.com| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040911063224/http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/12575/newsDate/28-Sep-2001/story.htm| archive-date = 2004-09-11| dead-url = yes}}</ref>


==健康争议==
==健康争议==
科学家曾指出,食用野貓可能使人類接触一些病菌和毒素(例如狂犬病),对身体健康有害<ref name="Australia"/>
科学家曾指出,食用野貓可能使人類接触一些病菌和毒素(例如[[狂犬病毒]]),对身体健康有害<ref name="Australia"/>。 越南曾有因屠宰并食用生病的猫而引起狂犬病的报告<ref>{{cite web | url=https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000044 | access-date=January 26, 2010 | publisher=plos | title=Furious Rabies after an Atypical Exposure | url-status=no | archive-date=2022-09-15 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915083253/https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000044 }}</ref>。


== 文化 ==
== 文化 ==
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2014年,瑞士动物保护组织向[[瑞士国会]]请愿,要求立法禁止食用猫肉与狗肉。组织的创办人托梅克表示,该请愿已获得1.6万人签名支持。<ref>{{cite web|author1=王忠会|title=瑞士动物保护组织要求国会立法 禁食猫肉与狗肉|url=http://www.chinanews.com/gj/2014/11-27/6821490.shtml|publisher=中国新闻网|accessdate=2017-02-08|archive-date=2020-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810231507/http://www.chinanews.com/gj/2014/11-27/6821490.shtml|dead-url=no}}</ref>
2014年,瑞士动物保护组织向[[瑞士国会]]请愿,要求立法禁止食用猫肉与狗肉。组织的创办人托梅克表示,该请愿已获得1.6万人签名支持。<ref>{{cite web|author1=王忠会|title=瑞士动物保护组织要求国会立法 禁食猫肉与狗肉|url=http://www.chinanews.com/gj/2014/11-27/6821490.shtml|publisher=中国新闻网|accessdate=2017-02-08|archive-date=2020-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810231507/http://www.chinanews.com/gj/2014/11-27/6821490.shtml|dead-url=no}}</ref>

== 參見 ==
* [[猫]]
* [[岭南文化]]
* [[越南菜]]
* [[客家菜]]
* [[潮州菜]]
* [[粤菜]]
* [[桂菜]]
* [[赣菜]]
* [[楚菜]]
* [[豫菜]]
* [[韩国料理|朝鲜菜]]


== 参考来源 ==
== 参考来源 ==
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{{肉類食物}}
{{肉類食物}}
{{家猫}}
[[分類:猫肉]]
[[分類:猫肉]]

2023年12月15日 (五) 01:50的最新版本

在东亚市场出售的猫。这些猫会被餐館买走或現場屠宰。

貓肉是用制作的供人食用的肉。人类在史前时代就有食用猫肉的记录[1]

在世界不同地区,社会对食用猫肉的接受程度是不同的。部分地区只是在战争或饥荒时期才吃猫肉,而另一些地区则认为吃猫肉会带来好运或健康,并早就有烹饪猫肉的食谱。雖然有部分人認定貓是寵物,而眾多國家至今仍有食用猫肉的传统,且认为是不違法的(只要不是偷竊他人家貓或食用保育類品種等)。

各地情况

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亚洲

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中国

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中国古籍《本草纲目》记载猫肉味道不佳,不适合食用,故古时食貓肉並不盛行[2][3],因此猫肉在中国并未被广泛食用。但在岭南地区的广东广西两地,一些人——尤其是老年人——认为猫肉是冬季保暖的好食材[4]。在中国廣東,貓肉是傳統菜龍虎鳳的原料之一,当地人认为它能补身子。猫大腿的肉会制成肉丸煲汤,肠胃也会食用,頭部和其餘部分则会被丟棄。目前僅有深圳市珠海市于2020年禁止食用猫肉[5]

随着作为宠物的猫在中国广泛受到喜爱,反对以猫为食的传统做法的人也越来越多。2006 年 6 月,大约 40 名活动人士冲进深圳的方记猫肉丸餐厅,迫使其关闭[6]

日本

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在日本,直到江户时代末一直有食用猫肉的记录。[7]琉球群島,猫肉是用于治疗胸膜炎气管炎肺病痔瘡的传统食物。[8]

朝鲜半岛

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食用貓肉在朝鲜半岛在历史上是治疗神經痛關節炎的民間療法,而当地現代消費者也青睐喝貓肉湯。[9][10][11][12]

越南

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越南的一盘猫肉。

在越南,食用猫肉属非法行为,但民众仍有食用。[13][14][15][16][17][18]当地貓肉市場需求较大,河內的貓通常由中國和寮國偷運入境。据统计,越南每年要食用超过400万只猫。[19][20]贩卖猫肉的餐厅通常以“tiểu hổ”(意为“小虎”)代指猫肉。[21][22]根据越南北部的人们的说法,猫胆具有壮阳作用[21][22]。然而,河内市的官员在2018年敦促市民停止吃狗肉和猫肉,理由是担心屠宰动物的残忍方法以及这种做法传播的疾病,包括狂犬病和钩端螺旋体病,不过,这种劝告的主要原因似乎是担心食用猫狗可能会损害这座城市作为“文明和现代首都”的形象,因为相当一部分供食用的“流浪猫狗”实际上是城市里丢失的宠物[23]

印度

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印度的部分地区也有食用猫肉的习惯。猫肉是Narikurvar族人婚礼的菜肴之一。在男性婴儿出生时,Narikurvar族人有时也会烹饪猫肉汤庆祝。[24]

澳大利亚

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在澳大利亚愛麗斯泉地区,当地原住民有烧烤野猫肉的传统,他们甚至发明了炖猫肉的食谱。而后来,当地的一些非原住民也开始食用猫肉。[25]在喀麥隆,当地的一些文化认为,食用猫肉会给人们帶來好運。[26]

欧洲

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英国

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十八世纪的英国曾有食用猫肉的记录。[27]

法国和西班牙

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在17世纪,以及第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间,西班牙和法国的部分地区有食用猫肉的习惯。[28]

意大利

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意大利北部也曾存在食用猫肉的现象,[21][22]人们至今仍对该国北部的维琴察人吃猫肉存有刻板印象[28]

美洲

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秘鲁

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在秘鲁,猫肉不是常见菜肴,但在上欽查瓦里,猫肉是传统菜肴白汁肉塊的原料之一。[29]

健康争议

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科学家曾指出,食用野貓可能使人類接触一些病菌和毒素(例如狂犬病毒),对身体健康有害[25]。 越南曾有因屠宰并食用生病的猫而引起狂犬病的报告[30]

文化

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美国科幻电视剧《家有阿福》中,猫肉蘸梅子醬是魔馬克星球的菜肴之一。[31]

2010年电影《奪天書》的开场,主角在一片树林里猎取无毛猫食用。[32]

对食用的禁止

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传统禁止

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伊斯蘭教传统上禁止食用貓肉。[33]

法律禁止

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2010年1月26日,中国起草了该国第一份《反虐待动物法》草案,其中就有禁止人們食用貓肉的条文,违反规定者最高可被拘留15日。[34]但这一草案至今仍未实质进入立法阶段。

2013年10月,秘鲁当局下令停止举办当地年度的猫肉美食节(Festival Gastronomico del Gato),当局称颁布这一禁令是出于人道与食品安全双重考虑。但这一规定遭到了当地民众批评,有民众認為,貓肉比兔肉或鴨肉更有营养,全球很多地方的人长期食用它,沒有任何坏处。[35]

2014年,瑞士动物保护组织向瑞士国会请愿,要求立法禁止食用猫肉与狗肉。组织的创办人托梅克表示,该请愿已获得1.6万人签名支持。[36]

參見

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参考来源

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  33. ^ 穆斯林聖訓實錄》, 21:4752
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