A型肝炎疫苗:修订间差异
外观
删除的内容 添加的内容
无编辑摘要 |
Artoria2e5(留言 | 贡献) 小无编辑摘要 |
||
(未显示10个用户的25个中间版本) | |||
第1行: | 第1行: | ||
{{medical}} |
|||
{{Drugbox |
{{Drugbox |
||
⚫ | |||
| Verifiedfields = changed |
| Verifiedfields = changed |
||
| Watchedfields = changed |
| Watchedfields = changed |
||
| verifiedrevid = 447912941 |
| verifiedrevid = 447912941 |
||
<!-- Vaccine data --> |
<!-- Vaccine data --> |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
| vaccine_type = [[灭活疫苗|灭活]]为主,也有1种[[减毒疫苗|减毒]]的 |
|||
⚫ | |||
| vaccine_type = Killed |
|||
<!-- Clinical data --> |
<!-- Clinical data --> |
||
| tradename = Havrix |
| tradename = Biovac A, Havrix, others |
||
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|CDI|hepatitis_a_vaccine}} |
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|CDI|hepatitis_a_vaccine}} |
||
| MedlinePlus = a695003 |
| MedlinePlus = a695003 |
||
第17行: | 第18行: | ||
| legal_CA = <!-- Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> |
| legal_CA = <!-- Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> |
||
| legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C --> |
| legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C --> |
||
| legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V --> |
| legal_US = Rx-only<!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V --> |
||
| legal_status = |
| legal_status = |
||
| routes_of_administration = IM |
| routes_of_administration = IM |
||
<!-- Identifiers --> |
<!-- Identifiers --> |
||
第27行: | 第28行: | ||
| ChemSpiderID = none |
| ChemSpiderID = none |
||
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} |
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} |
||
| CAS_number = 1704511-91-0 |
|||
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
|||
<!-- Chemical data --> |
<!-- Chemical data --> |
||
}} |
}} |
||
<!-- Definition and medical uses --> |
<!-- Definition and medical uses --> |
||
'''A肝疫苗'''是用於預防A型肝炎的疫苗 |
'''A型肝炎疫苗'''是用於預防A型肝炎的疫苗<ref name=WHO2012>{{cite journal|title=WHO position paper on hepatitis A vaccines – June 2012.|journal=Wkly Epidemiol Rec|date=2012-07-13|volume=87|issue=28/29|page=261-76|pmid=22905367|url=http://www.who.int/wer/2012/wer8728_29.pdf|access-date=2016-02-21|archive-date=2015-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151216090802/http://www.who.int/wer/2012/wer8728_29.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>。 對95%的人都會有效,且能持續至少15年以上的效期,很多人甚至能持續一生<ref name="WHO2012" /><ref name=Ott2012>{{cite journal |author=Ott JJ, Irving G, Wiersma ST |title=Long-term protective effects of hepatitis A vaccines. A systematic review |journal=Vaccine |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=3–11 |date=December 2012 |pmid=22609026 |doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.104}}</ref>。幼兒應接種 2 劑,於出生滿 12-15 個月接種第 1 劑,間隔 6 個月以上接種第 2 劑<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov.tw/downloadfile.aspx?fid=DCCEEFFB774E612E|title=幼兒A 型肝炎預防接種Q&A - 衛生福利部疾病管制署|accessdate=2018-02-02|author=|date=|publisher=|archive-date=2018-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202071919/https://www.cdc.gov.tw/downloadfile.aspx?fid=DCCEEFFB774E612E|dead-url=no}}</ref>。一般經由[[肌肉注射]]<ref name="WHO2012" />。 |
||
<!-- Recommendations --> |
<!-- Recommendations --> |
||
[[世界卫生组织|世界衛生組織]]建議 |
[[世界卫生组织|世界衛生組織]]建議中度流行A型肝炎的區域,都應例行性接種此疫苗<ref name=WHO2012/>。但若在A型肝炎高度流行的疫區,民眾大多在幼年即已獲得免疫力者,則不建議例行施打<ref name=WHO2012/>。 [[美国疾病控制与预防中心|美國疾病管制局]]建議所有幼童和有高風險感染的成人都應施打疫苗<ref>{{cite web|title=Hepatitis A In-Short|url=http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/hepa/in-short-adult.htm#who|website=CDC|accessdate=7 December 2015|date=July 25, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210191218/http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/hepa/in-short-adult.htm#who|archive-date=2015-12-10|dead-url=yes}}</ref>。 |
||
<!-- Safety and formulation--> |
<!-- Safety and formulation--> |
||
A肝疫苗很少引發嚴重的副作用 |
A肝疫苗很少引發嚴重的副作用<ref name=WHO2012/>。 15%的孩童和接近50%的成人,注射疫苗處會感到疼痛<ref name=WHO2012/>。大多數的A肝疫苗為死菌疫苗,少數疫苗為減毒疫苗<ref name=WHO2012/>。孕婦或免疫力缺失的患者,並不建議使用減毒疫苗<ref name=WHO2012/>。某些劑型會將A型肝炎和[[乙型肝炎|B型肝炎]]或[[伤寒|傷寒]]疫苗混合<ref name=WHO2012/>。 |
||
<!-- History, society and culture --> |
<!-- History, society and culture --> |
||
1991年 |
1991年,首款由[[葛兰素史克]]研发的肝炎灭活疫苗Havrix经审批上市,在歐洲被核准使用<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|chapter=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VWdEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA212#v=onepage&q&f=false|publisher=Elsevier|date=2012-10-31|isbn=978-1-908818-19-5|language=en|first=Vandana|last=Patravale|first2=Prajakta|last2=Dandekar|first3=Ratnesh|last3=Jain|title=Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery: Perspectives on the Transition from Laboratory to Market|year=|location=|pages=|access-date=2021-02-12|archive-date=2020-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519081651/https://books.google.com/books?id=VWdEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA212#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Hepatitis A: Old and New|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC88961/|last=Cuthbert|first=Jennifer A.|date=2001-1|journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews|issue=1|doi=10.1128/CMR.14.1.38-58.2001|volume=14|pages=38–58|issn=0893-8512|pmid=11148002}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Evidence based recommendations for use of hepatitis A vaccines in immunization services: Background paper for SAGE discussions|url=https://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2012/april/1_HepABackground_17Oct_final2_nov11.pdf|accessdate=|date=2011-10-17|publisher=[[世界卫生组织]]|language=en|archive-date=2013-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028153100/http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2012/april/1_HepABackground_17Oct_final2_nov11.pdf}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=甲型肝炎疫苗推荐书|url=http://www.pediatricsjournal.org.cn/0803/188-196.htm|accessdate=2021-02-13|author=|date=|format=|work=www.pediatricsjournal.org.cn|publisher=|language=|archive-date=2017-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604161402/http://www.pediatricsjournal.org.cn/0803/188-196.htm}}</ref>。1995年,[[莫里斯·希勒曼]]团队(美国[[默克藥廠|默克药厂]])研发的甲肝灭活疫苗Vaqta也被核准使用<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hepatitis A: Vaccine Licensed {{!}} History of Vaccines|url=https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/hepatitis-vaccine-licensed|accessdate=2021-02-09|work=www.historyofvaccines.org|language=en}}{{Dead link}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Maurice Hilleman: Creator of Vaccines That Changed the World|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7150172/|last=Tulchinsky|first=Theodore H.|date=2018|journal=Case Studies in Public Health|doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-804571-8.00003-2|pages=443–470|pmc=7150172|access-date=2021-02-09|archive-date=2021-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117040546/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7150172/}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Patravale|first1=Vandana|last2=Dandekar|first2=Prajakta|last3=Jain|first3=Ratnesh|title=Nanoparticulate drug delivery perspectives on the transition from laboratory to market|date=2012|publisher=Woodhead Pub.|location=Oxford|isbn=9781908818195|page=212|edition=1. publ.|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=VWdEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA212|access-date=2018-02-01|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305021437/https://books.google.ca/books?id=VWdEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA212|dead-url=no}}</ref>。 A型肝炎疫苗在[[世界衛生組織]]的必須藥物清單上,建議所有公衛系統都應該要備齊。<ref name="WHO2015E">{{cite web |url=http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML2015_8-May-15.pdf |title=19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015) |date=April 2015 |accessdate=May 10, 2015 |publisher=WHO |archive-date=2015-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513043105/http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML2015_8-May-15.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref> 在美國,一劑疫苗大約是50到100美金左右。<ref name="Ric2015">{{cite book|last1=Hamilton|first1=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=314}}</ref> |
||
==參考文獻== |
==參考文獻== |
||
{{reflist|2}} |
|||
<references /> |
|||
[[Category:肝炎]] |
|||
[[Category:世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單內的疫苗]] |
|||
[[Category:A型肝炎]] |
|||
[[Category:疫苗接种]] |
|||
[[Category:灭活疫苗]] |
2024年1月23日 (二) 02:03的最新版本
疫苗说明 | |
---|---|
目標 | 甲型肝炎 |
种类 | 灭活为主,也有1种减毒的 |
臨床資料 | |
商品名 | Biovac A, Havrix, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | 消费者药物信息 |
MedlinePlus | a695003 |
懷孕分級 |
|
给药途径 | IM |
ATC碼 | |
法律規範狀態 | |
法律規範 | |
识别信息 | |
CAS号 | 1704511-91-0 |
ChemSpider |
|
A型肝炎疫苗是用於預防A型肝炎的疫苗[1]。 對95%的人都會有效,且能持續至少15年以上的效期,很多人甚至能持續一生[1][2]。幼兒應接種 2 劑,於出生滿 12-15 個月接種第 1 劑,間隔 6 個月以上接種第 2 劑[3]。一般經由肌肉注射[1]。
世界衛生組織建議中度流行A型肝炎的區域,都應例行性接種此疫苗[1]。但若在A型肝炎高度流行的疫區,民眾大多在幼年即已獲得免疫力者,則不建議例行施打[1]。 美國疾病管制局建議所有幼童和有高風險感染的成人都應施打疫苗[4]。
A肝疫苗很少引發嚴重的副作用[1]。 15%的孩童和接近50%的成人,注射疫苗處會感到疼痛[1]。大多數的A肝疫苗為死菌疫苗,少數疫苗為減毒疫苗[1]。孕婦或免疫力缺失的患者,並不建議使用減毒疫苗[1]。某些劑型會將A型肝炎和B型肝炎或傷寒疫苗混合[1]。
1991年,首款由葛兰素史克研发的肝炎灭活疫苗Havrix经审批上市,在歐洲被核准使用[5][6][7][8]。1995年,莫里斯·希勒曼团队(美国默克药厂)研发的甲肝灭活疫苗Vaqta也被核准使用[5][8][9][10][11]。 A型肝炎疫苗在世界衛生組織的必須藥物清單上,建議所有公衛系統都應該要備齊。[12] 在美國,一劑疫苗大約是50到100美金左右。[13]
參考文獻
[编辑]- ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 WHO position paper on hepatitis A vaccines – June 2012. (PDF). Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2012-07-13, 87 (28/29): 261-76 [2016-02-21]. PMID 22905367. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-12-16).
- ^ Ott JJ, Irving G, Wiersma ST. Long-term protective effects of hepatitis A vaccines. A systematic review. Vaccine. December 2012, 31 (1): 3–11. PMID 22609026. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.104.
- ^ 幼兒A 型肝炎預防接種Q&A - 衛生福利部疾病管制署. [2018-02-02]. (原始内容存档于2018-02-02).
- ^ Hepatitis A In-Short. CDC. July 25, 2014 [7 December 2015]. (原始内容存档于2015-12-10).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Patravale, Vandana; Dandekar, Prajakta; Jain, Ratnesh. Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery: Perspectives on the Transition from Laboratory to Market. Elsevier. 2012-10-31 [2021-02-12]. ISBN 978-1-908818-19-5. (原始内容存档于2020-05-19) (英语).
- ^ Cuthbert, Jennifer A. Hepatitis A: Old and New. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2001-1, 14 (1): 38–58. ISSN 0893-8512. PMID 11148002. doi:10.1128/CMR.14.1.38-58.2001.
- ^ Evidence based recommendations for use of hepatitis A vaccines in immunization services: Background paper for SAGE discussions (PDF). 世界卫生组织. 2011-10-17. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-10-28) (英语).
- ^ 8.0 8.1 甲型肝炎疫苗推荐书. www.pediatricsjournal.org.cn. [2021-02-13]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-04).
- ^ Hepatitis A: Vaccine Licensed | History of Vaccines. www.historyofvaccines.org. [2021-02-09] (英语).[失效連結]
- ^ Tulchinsky, Theodore H. Maurice Hilleman: Creator of Vaccines That Changed the World. Case Studies in Public Health. 2018: 443–470 [2021-02-09]. PMC 7150172 . doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-804571-8.00003-2. (原始内容存档于2021-01-17).
- ^ Patravale, Vandana; Dandekar, Prajakta; Jain, Ratnesh. Nanoparticulate drug delivery perspectives on the transition from laboratory to market 1. publ. Oxford: Woodhead Pub. 2012: 212 [2018-02-01]. ISBN 9781908818195. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).
- ^ 19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015) (PDF). WHO. April 2015 [May 10, 2015]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-05-13).
- ^ Hamilton, Richart. Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2015: 314. ISBN 9781284057560.