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41號美國國道商業線 (密西根州馬凱特)：修订间差异

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{{NoteTA
|G1=Transport
}}
{{Infobox Road2
{{Infobox Road2
|name=美國國道41號商業線<br>U.S. Route 41 Business
|name=41號美國國道商業線<br>U.S. Route 41 Business
|route=41
|route=41
|shield=US 41.svg
|shield=US 41.svg
第12行： 第15行：
|decommissioned={{end date|2005|10|10}}<ref name=MoU/>
|decommissioned={{end date|2005|10|10}}<ref name=MoU/>
|history=商業線標誌於2005年11月9日移除<ref name="jtpr"/>
|history=商業線標誌於2005年11月9日移除<ref name="jtpr"/>
|direction_a=西端
|direction_a=西
|terminus_a={{jct|state=MI|US|41|M|28}} (馬凱特市華盛頓街)
|terminus_a={{jct|state=MI|US|41|M|28}} (馬凱特市華盛頓街)
|direction_b=東端
|direction_b=東
|terminus_b={{jct|state=MI|US|41|M|28}} (馬凱特市前街)
|terminus_b={{jct|state=MI|US|41|M|28}} (馬凱特市前街)
|states=[[密西根州]]
|states=[[密西根州]]
第20行： 第23行：
|counties=[[馬凱特縣 (密西根州)|馬凱特縣]]
|counties=[[馬凱特縣 (密西根州)|馬凱特縣]]
}}
}}
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'''41號美國國道商業線'''（{{lang-en|Business US Highway 41}}）是一條曾隸屬於[[41号美国国道]]的[[商業線]]，其起點和終點皆為與[[28號密西根州州道|28號州道]]共線的41號國道。該商業線曾作為[[密西根州高速幹線系統]]（{{lang|en|Michigan State Trunkline System}}）的一部分，並全程與當地兩條於19世紀中期[[馬凱特 (密歇根州)|馬凱特市]]早期城市規劃設立的主要幹道華盛頓街（{{lang|en|Washington Street}}）和前街（{{lang|en|Front Street}}）共線。該線於2005年改由馬凱特市府管理後解編。

⚫
'''美國國道41號商業線'''（{{lang-en|Business US Highway 41}}）是一條曾隸屬於[[41号美国国道|國道41號]]的[[商業線]]，其起點和終點皆為與[[28號密西根州州道|28號州道]]共線的國道41號。該商業線曾作為{{Tsl|en|Michigan State Trunkline System|密西根州高速幹線系統}}（{{lang|en|Michigan State Trunkline System}}）的一部分，並全程與當地兩條於19世紀中期[[馬凱特 (密歇根州)|馬凱特市]]早期城市規劃設立的主要幹道華盛頓街（{{lang|en|Washington Street}}）和前街（{{lang|en|Front Street}}）共線。該線於2005年改由馬凱特市府管理後除名。


==路線簡介==
==路線簡介==
國道41號商業線起於華盛頓街與國道41號和28號州道交會處，後者與國道41號共線；除了在國道41號東向車流匯入商業線這一動線設有[[交通號誌|紅綠燈]]外，其餘動線皆使用停止標誌管理車流。向東前進一小段後，華盛頓街拓寬成雙向四車道並設立一分隔島直至約{{convert|300|yd|m}}後被一左轉車道取代。在麥克萊倫大街（{{lang|en|McClellan Avenue}}）的交叉口設有紅綠燈，接著是通往馬凱特市區的上坡路。華盛頓街在經過市區的幾塊商業區後與林肯大街（{{lang|en|Lincoln Avenue}}）南端相交並設有號誌，在通過路口之後轉向東南方；其路便被縮減成雙向二車道，但仍在各路口處設有供雙向車流使用的的左轉車道。經過林肯大街後，華盛頓街開始下坡，其中央左轉車道在經過第七街後隨著道路寬度變窄而消失。<ref name=MDOT04>{{cite MDOT map |year= 2004 |inset= Marquette }}<!--In 2005, the back side of MDOT's map omitted most city insets to provide coverage of the department's centennial, so 2004 was the last year that showed the business loop on an inset.--></ref><ref name=google/>
41號國道商業線起於華盛頓街與41號國道和28號州道交會處，後者與41號國道共線；除了在41號國道東向車流匯入商業線這一動線設有[[交通號誌|紅綠燈]]外，其餘動線皆使用停止標誌管理車流。向東前進一小段後，華盛頓街拓寬成雙向四車道並設立一分隔島直至約{{convert|300|yd|m}}後被一左轉車道取代。在麥克萊倫大街（{{lang|en|McClellan Avenue}}）的交叉口設有紅綠燈，接著是通往馬凱特市區的上坡路。華盛頓街在經過市區的幾塊商業區後與林肯大街（{{lang|en|Lincoln Avenue}}）南端相交並設有號誌，在通過路口之後轉向東南方；其路便被縮減成雙向二車道，但仍在各路口處設有供雙向車流使用的的左轉車道。經過林肯大街後，華盛頓街開始下坡，其中央左轉車道在經過第七街後隨著道路寬度變窄而消失。<ref name=MDOT04>{{cite MDOT map |year= 2004 |inset= Marquette }}<!--In 2005, the back side of MDOT's map omitted most city insets to provide coverage of the department's centennial, so 2004 was the last year that showed the business loop on an inset.--></ref><ref name=google/>


經過位於第七街旁的哈洛公園（{{lang|en|Harlow Park}}）後，該商業線進入市區，伴隨著道路兩側的零售店、餐廳等服務業。在華盛頓街和第三街的交叉口處設有一棟包含[[郵局]]和[[聯邦法院系統|聯邦法院]]等聯邦機構的建物。商業線則在和華盛頓街同為市區商業活動聚集處的前街右轉進入前街，其路口位置距離[[蘇必略湖]]只差一個[[街區]]。在經過紀念[[雅克·馬凱特]]的馬凱特神父公園後，前街繼續朝西南方前進並開始上坡。該商業線在前街透過馬凱特旁道（{{lang|en|Marquette Bypass}}）匯入國道41號處抵達終點。<ref name=MDOT04/><ref name=google>{{google maps |url= https://www.google.com/maps/dir/US-41+%26+W+Washington+St,+Marquette,+Marquette,+Michigan+49855,+United+States/46.537994,-87.395061/@46.5415619,-87.4063863,1882m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m10!4m9!1m5!1m1!1s0x4d51df3decd6c56f:0x4b7ad08e7ecfaab2!2m2!1d-87.4277596!2d46.5460715!1m1!4e1!5i2?hl=en&entry=ttu|title=Overview Map of Former Bus. US 41 |access-date=2008-08-14}}</ref>
經過位於第七街旁的哈洛公園（{{lang|en|Harlow Park}}）後，該商業線進入市區：道路兩側開始出現零售店、餐廳等服務業。在華盛頓街和第三街的交叉口處設有一棟包含[[郵局]]和[[聯邦法院系統|聯邦法院]]等聯邦機構的建物。商業線則在和華盛頓街同為市區商業活動聚集處的前街右轉進入前街，其路口位置距離[[蘇必略湖]]只差一個[[街區]]。在經過紀念[[雅克·馬凱特]]的馬凱特神父公園後，前街繼續朝南方前進並開始上坡。該商業線在前街透過馬凱特旁道（{{lang|en|Marquette Bypass}}）匯入41號國道處抵達終點。<ref name=MDOT04/><ref name=google>{{google maps |url= https://www.google.com/maps/dir/US-41+%26+W+Washington+St,+Marquette,+Marquette,+Michigan+49855,+United+States/46.5433627,-87.3938368/46.537994,-87.395061/@46.545057,-87.4178264,3586m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m11!4m10!1m5!1m1!1s0x4d51df3decd6c56f:0x4b7ad08e7ecfaab2!2m2!1d-87.4277596!2d46.5460715!1m0!1m1!4e1!3e0?hl=en&entry=ttu|title=Overview Map of Former Bus. US 41 |access-date=2008-08-14}}</ref>


[[File:Front Street (Marquette, Michigan).jpg|thumb|right|upright|前街市區段|alt=Photograph looking north on the 100 block]]
[[File:Front Street (Marquette, Michigan).jpg|thumb|right|upright|前街市區段|alt=Photograph looking north on the 100 block]]
⚫
該商業線在由[[密西根州運輸部]]（{{lang|en|Michigan Department of Transportation，MDOT}}）管理時屬於密西根州高速幹線系統的一環；運輸部曾出於其職責監控來往41號國道商業線的運量並計算該商業線的年平均日運量。運輸部於2004年測量出該線於林肯大街和前街之間的年平均日車流量為10272次，為密西根州高速幹線中運量最少者。該線在麥克萊倫大街和林肯大街之間的車流量最大，為19036次；前街則平均一天能達16309次的車流量<ref name=TMIS>{{cite web |author = Bureau of Transportation Planning |url = http://mdotnetpublic.state.mi.us/tmispublic/ |title = Traffic Monitoring Information System |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |year = 2008 |access-date = 2011-04-24 |archive-date = 2012-07-02 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120702025019/http://mdotnetpublic.state.mi.us/tmispublic/ |dead-url = no }}</ref>。該商業線並沒有被列入[[美國國家高速公路系統]]之中<ref name=NHS-MI>{{cite map |author = Michigan Department of Transportation |title = National Highway System, Michigan |date = 2006-04-23 |scale = Scale not given |location = Lansing |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |url = http://www.michigan.gov/documents/MDOT_NHS_Statewide_150626_7.pdf |format = PDF |access-date = 2008-10-07 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121004040152/http://www.michigan.gov/documents/MDOT_NHS_Statewide_150626_7.pdf |archive-date = 2012-10-04 }}</ref>。

⚫
該商業線在由密西根州運輸部（{{lang|en|Michigan Department of Transportation，MDOT}}）管理時屬於密西根州高速幹線的一環；運輸部曾出於其職責監控來往國道41號商業線的車流量並計算該商業線的年平均日流量。運輸部於2004年測量出該線於林肯街和前街之間的年平均日流量為10272次，為密西根州高速幹線中車流量最少者。該線在麥克萊倫大街和林肯街之間的運量最高，為19036次；前街則平均一天能達16309次的車流量<ref name=TMIS>{{cite web |author = Bureau of Transportation Planning |url = http://mdotnetpublic.state.mi.us/tmispublic/ |title = Traffic Monitoring Information System |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |year = 2008 |access-date = 2011-04-24 |archive-date = 2012-07-02 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120702025019/http://mdotnetpublic.state.mi.us/tmispublic/ |dead-url = no }}</ref>。該商業線並沒有被列入國家高速公路系統之中<ref name=NHS-MI>{{cite map |author = Michigan Department of Transportation |title = National Highway System, Michigan |date = 2006-04-23 |scale = Scale not given |location = Lansing |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |url = http://www.michigan.gov/documents/MDOT_NHS_Statewide_150626_7.pdf |format = PDF |access-date = 2008-10-07 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121004040152/http://www.michigan.gov/documents/MDOT_NHS_Statewide_150626_7.pdf |archive-date = 2012-10-04 }}</ref>。


==歷史==
==歷史==
馬凱特最早的定居者於1849年5月18日遷入<ref name=mm2010-01>{{cite news |first = Christopher |last = Diem |date = 2009-05-18 |url = http://www.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/527444.html |title = A Glimpse of the Past: Sunrise Re-Enactment Honors Marquette's Founders |work = The Mining Journal |location = Marquette, Michigan |page = A1 |issn = 0898-4964 |oclc = 9729223 |access-date = 2012-07-25 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402101047/http://www.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/527444.html |archive-date = 2015-04-02 |url-status = dead }}</ref>，並於1855年規劃出當地的主要幹道<ref name= CSIC>{{cite map |first1 = A. |last = Brooks |first2 = J.G. |last2 = Chamberlain |name-list-style = amp |location = Marquette, Michigan |publisher = Cleveland and Sharon Iron Companies |year = 1855 |title = Map of Iron Bay and the Village of Marquette |scale = 1:1,440 |oclc = 28982382 }}</ref>。儘管當時的規劃是希望貝拉葛大街成為馬凱特市區所在地，許多商家仍選擇把店面開在華盛頓街上<ref name=longtine>{{cite book |last1 = Longtine |first1 = Sonny |last2 = Chappell |first2 = Laverne |year = 1999 |title = Marquette: Then and Now |location = Marquette, Michigan |publisher = North Shore Publications |page = 67 |isbn = 0-9670793-0-6 |oclc = 42775596 |name-list-style = amp }}</ref>。之後隨著馬凱特於1859年註冊為[[鎮]]<ref name=timeline/>並於1871年2月21日升格為[[市]]後<ref name=rydholm>{{cite book |last = Rydholm |first = C. Fred |title = Superior Heartland: A Backwoods History |volume = 1 |year = 1989 |publisher = Braun-Brumfield |location = Ann Arbor, Michigan |page = 208 |isbn = 0-9639948-2-4 |oclc = 20652946 |lccn = 89-90710 }}</ref>，該市最早的[[地方政府大樓|市政廳]]也建於華盛頓街上<ref name = "sandstone">{{cite book |title = The Sandstone Architecture of the Lake Superior Region |first = Kathryn Bishop |last = Eckert |location = Detroit |publisher = Wayne State University Press |year = 2000 |ISBN = 0-8143-2807-5 |pages = 126–130 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=b68xzUc0y3IC&pg=PA126 |via = [[Google Books]] |access-date = 2023-03-04 |archive-date = 2023-03-11 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230311134658/https://books.google.com/books?id=b68xzUc0y3IC&pg=PA126 |dead-url = no }}</ref>。
馬凱特最早的定居者於1849年5月18日遷入<ref name=mm2010-01>{{cite news |first = Christopher |last = Diem |date = 2009-05-18 |url = http://www.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/527444.html |title = A Glimpse of the Past: Sunrise Re-Enactment Honors Marquette's Founders |work = The Mining Journal |location = Marquette, Michigan |page = A1 |issn = 0898-4964 |oclc = 9729223 |access-date = 2012-07-25 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402101047/http://www.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/527444.html |archive-date = 2015-04-02 |url-status = dead }}</ref>，並於1855年規劃出當地的主要幹道<ref name= CSIC>{{cite map |first1 = A. |last = Brooks |first2 = J.G. |last2 = Chamberlain |name-list-style = amp |location = Marquette, Michigan |publisher = Cleveland and Sharon Iron Companies |year = 1855 |title = Map of Iron Bay and the Village of Marquette |scale = 1:1,440 |oclc = 28982382 }}</ref>。儘管當時的規劃是希望巴拉加大街成為馬凱特市區所在地，許多商家仍選擇把店面開在華盛頓街上<ref name=longtine>{{cite book |last1 = Longtine |first1 = Sonny |last2 = Chappell |first2 = Laverne |year = 1999 |title = Marquette: Then and Now |location = Marquette, Michigan |publisher = North Shore Publications |page = 67 |isbn = 0-9670793-0-6 |oclc = 42775596 |name-list-style = amp }}</ref>。之後隨著馬凱特於1859年註冊為[[鎮]]<ref name=timeline>{{cite web |author = Central Upper Peninsula and NMU Archives |date = n.d. |title = Marquette Historical Timeline |url = http://www.nmu.edu/archives/node/210 |publisher = [[Northern Michigan University]] |access-date = July 25, 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120820233811/http://www.nmu.edu/archives/node/210 |archive-date = August 20, 2012 }}</ref>並於1871年2月21日升格為[[市]]後<ref name=rydholm>{{cite book |last = Rydholm |first = C. Fred |title = Superior Heartland: A Backwoods History |volume = 1 |year = 1989 |publisher = Braun-Brumfield |location = Ann Arbor, Michigan |page = 208 |isbn = 0-9639948-2-4 |oclc = 20652946 |lccn = 89-90710 }}</ref>，該市最早的[[地方政府大樓|市政廳]]也建於華盛頓街上<ref name = "sandstone">{{cite book |title = The Sandstone Architecture of the Lake Superior Region |first = Kathryn Bishop |last = Eckert |location = Detroit |publisher = Wayne State University Press |year = 2000 |ISBN = 0-8143-2807-5 |pages = 126–130 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=b68xzUc0y3IC&pg=PA126 |via = [[Google Books]] |access-date = 2023-03-04 |archive-date = 2023-03-11 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230311134658/https://books.google.com/books?id=b68xzUc0y3IC&pg=PA126 |dead-url = no }}</ref>。


在州政府設立密西根州高速幹線系統計畫後，州政府於1913年5月13日規畫出一條經過馬凱特市區的高速公路<ref name=STLA>{{cite book |author = Michigan Legislature |chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7kXiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1868 |title = The Compiled Laws of the State of Michigan |volume = 1 |year = 1915 |orig-year = enacted May 13, 1913 |chapter = Chapter 91: State Reward Trunk Line Highways |pages = 1868–72 |location = Lansing, Michigan |publisher = Wynkoop, Hallenbeck, Crawford |editor1-last = Shields |editor1-first = Edmund C. |editor2-last = Black |editor2-first = Cyrenius P. |editor3-last = Broomfield |editor3-first = Archibald |access-date = 2012-01-24 |oclc = 44724558 |name-list-style = amp |author-link = Michigan Legislature }}</ref>。該公路在1919年時<ref name=press-1919-09-20>{{cite news |title = Michigan May Do Well Following Wisconsin's Road Marking System |work = [[The Grand Rapids Press]] |date = 1919-09-20 |page = 10 |oclc = 9975013 }}</ref>曾作為15號密西根州州道的一部分<ref name=MSHD19UP>{{cite MDOT map |date= 1919-07-01U |link= yes |oclc= 15607244 }}</ref>，並在之後因[[美國國道|美國國道系統]]的建立而改編為國道41號和28號州道的共線路段<ref name=USH>{{cite map |author1 = [[Bureau of Public Roads]] |author2 = [[American Association of State Highway Officials]] |name-list-style = amp |date = 1926-11-11 |title = United States System of Highways Adopted for Uniform Marking by the American Association of State Highway Officials |url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:United_States_System_of_Highways_Adopted_for_Uniform_Marking_by_the_American_Association_of_State_Highway_Officials.jpg |scale = 1:7,000,000 |location = Washington, DC |publisher = [[United States Geological Survey]] |oclc = 32889555 |access-date = 2013-11-07 |via = [[Wikimedia Commons]] |archive-date = 2017-04-13 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170413153913/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:United_States_System_of_Highways_Adopted_for_Uniform_Marking_by_the_American_Association_of_State_Highway_Officials.jpg |dead-url = no }}</ref>（即使當初規劃本應經過馬凱特市區的國道為102號<ref>{{cite book |type = Report |author = Joint Board on Interstate Highways |year = 1925 |chapter = Appendix VI: Descriptions of the Interstate Routes Selected, with Numbers Assigned |chapter-url = https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Report_of_Joint_Board_on_Interstate_Highways_October_30,_1925#52 |title = Report of Joint Board on Interstate Highways, October 30, 1925, Approved by the Secretary of Agriculture, November 18, 1925 |location = Washington, DC |publisher = [[United States Department of Agriculture]] |page = 52 |id = {{OCLC|733875457|55123355|71026428}} |via = [[Wikisource]] |access-date = 2017-11-14 |archive-date = 2017-11-14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171114145350/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Report_of_Joint_Board_on_Interstate_Highways_October_30,_1925#52 |dead-url = no }}</ref>）。除了特別為了高速公路而興建的馬凱特旁道外，其他被規劃為高速公路的部分早在1920年代前就已經完工<ref name=MSHD26-12>{{cite MDOT map |date= 1926-12-01 }}</ref>。
在州政府設立密西根州高速幹線系統計畫後，州政府於1913年5月13日規畫出一條經過馬凱特市區的高速公路<ref name=STLA>{{cite book |author = Michigan Legislature |chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7kXiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1868 |title = The Compiled Laws of the State of Michigan |volume = 1 |year = 1915 |orig-year = enacted May 13, 1913 |chapter = Chapter 91: State Reward Trunk Line Highways |pages = 1868–72 |location = Lansing, Michigan |publisher = Wynkoop, Hallenbeck, Crawford |editor1-last = Shields |editor1-first = Edmund C. |editor2-last = Black |editor2-first = Cyrenius P. |editor3-last = Broomfield |editor3-first = Archibald |access-date = 2012-01-24 |oclc = 44724558 |name-list-style = amp |author-link = Michigan Legislature }}</ref>。該公路在1919年時<ref name=press-1919-09-20>{{cite news |title = Michigan May Do Well Following Wisconsin's Road Marking System |work = [[The Grand Rapids Press]] |date = 1919-09-20 |page = 10 |oclc = 9975013 }}</ref>曾作為15號密西根州州道的一部分<ref name=MSHD19UP>{{cite MDOT map |date= 1919-07-01U |link= yes |oclc= 15607244 }}</ref>，並在之後因[[美國國道|美國國道系統]]的建立而改編為41號國道和28號州道的共線路段<ref name=USH>{{cite map |author1 = [[Bureau of Public Roads]] |author2 = [[American Association of State Highway Officials]] |name-list-style = amp |date = 1926-11-11 |title = United States System of Highways Adopted for Uniform Marking by the American Association of State Highway Officials |url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:United_States_System_of_Highways_Adopted_for_Uniform_Marking_by_the_American_Association_of_State_Highway_Officials.jpg |scale = 1:7,000,000 |location = Washington, DC |publisher = [[United States Geological Survey]] |oclc = 32889555 |access-date = 2013-11-07 |via = [[Wikimedia Commons]] |archive-date = 2017-04-13 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170413153913/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:United_States_System_of_Highways_Adopted_for_Uniform_Marking_by_the_American_Association_of_State_Highway_Officials.jpg |dead-url = no }}</ref>（即使當初規劃本應經過馬凱特市區的國道為102號<ref>{{cite book |type = Report |author = Joint Board on Interstate Highways |year = 1925 |chapter = Appendix VI: Descriptions of the Interstate Routes Selected, with Numbers Assigned |chapter-url = https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Report_of_Joint_Board_on_Interstate_Highways_October_30,_1925#52 |title = Report of Joint Board on Interstate Highways, October 30, 1925, Approved by the Secretary of Agriculture, November 18, 1925 |location = Washington, DC |publisher = [[United States Department of Agriculture]] |page = 52 |id = {{OCLC|733875457|55123355|71026428}} |via = [[Wikisource]] |access-date = 2017-11-14 |archive-date = 2017-11-14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171114145350/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Report_of_Joint_Board_on_Interstate_Highways_October_30,_1925#52 |dead-url = no }}</ref>）。除了特別為了高速公路而興建的馬凱特旁道外，其他被規劃為高速公路的部分早在1920年代前就已經完工<ref name=MSHD26-12>{{cite MDOT map |date= 1926-12-01 }}</ref>。


在馬凱特旁道於1963年11月21日開放大眾使用<ref name=mj63/>後，沿著華盛頓街和前街的舊路線改為一尚未編制的商業線；其於1964年第一次以美國國道41號商業線的名稱出現在密西根州高速公路的地圖上<ref name=MSHD64>{{cite MDOT map |year= 1964 |section= C6 |oclc= 81213707}}</ref>。此路線在1975年曾加入密西根州州道路網，並在原美國國道編制之上增編為密西根州道28號商業線（{{lang|en|Bus. US 41/Bus. M-28}}）<ref name=MDSHT75>{{cite MDOT map |year= 1975 |link= yes |inset= Marquette }}</ref>使其和位於馬凱特西邊的另一條商業線同名<ref name="MCRC39">{{cite map |author = Marquette County Road Commission |scale = Scale not given |location = Ishpeming, Michigan |publisher = Marquette County Road Commission |title = Marquette County |year = 1939 }}</ref><ref name="MCRC50">{{cite map |author = Marquette County Road Commission |scale = Scale not given |location = Ishpeming, Michigan |publisher = Marquette County Road Commission |title = Marquette County |year = 1950 }}</ref>，該州道編制於1981年移除<ref name=MDOT80>{{cite MDOT map |year= 1980 |inset= Marquette }}</ref><ref name=MDOT81>{{cite MDOT map |year= 1981 |inset= Marquette }}</ref>。
在馬凱特旁道於1963年11月21日開放大眾使用<ref name=mj63/>後，沿著華盛頓街和前街的舊41號國道路線改為一尚未編制的商業線；其於1964年第一次以41號美國國道商業線的名稱出現在密西根州高速公路的地圖上<ref name=MSHD64>{{cite MDOT map |year= 1964 |section= C6 |oclc= 81213707}}</ref>。此路線在1975年曾加入密西根州州道路網，並在原美國國道編制之上增編為密西根州道28號商業線<ref name=MDSHT75>{{cite MDOT map |year= 1975 |link= yes |inset= Marquette }}</ref>使其和位於馬凱特西邊的另一條商業線同名<ref name="MCRC39">{{cite map |author = Marquette County Road Commission |scale = Scale not given |location = Ishpeming, Michigan |publisher = Marquette County Road Commission |title = Marquette County |year = 1939 }}</ref><ref name="MCRC50">{{cite map |author = Marquette County Road Commission |scale = Scale not given |location = Ishpeming, Michigan |publisher = Marquette County Road Commission |title = Marquette County |year = 1950 }}</ref>，該州道編制於1981年移除<ref name=MDOT80>{{cite MDOT map |year= 1980 |inset= Marquette }}</ref><ref name=MDOT81>{{cite MDOT map |year= 1981 |inset= Marquette }}</ref>。


2005年4月，馬凱特市同意由密西根州運輸部將一部分曾由交通部管轄和維護的道路交換給馬凱特市管理，其中就包含了國道41號商業線。馬凱特市則將麥克萊倫大街的一段路交給州政府管理以將553號州道延長至馬凱特旁道<ref name=shift>{{cite news |title = Road Shift with State Well-Planned |work = The Mining Journal |type = Editorial |location = Marquette, Michigan |date = 2005-04-27 |page = A6 |issn = 0898-4964 |oclc = 9729223 }}</ref>。管理權轉移的談判主要著重於密西根州運輸部是否會遵守麥克萊倫大道沿線關於車道和雪地摩托通道的城市分區條例和馬凱特市政府可能需要承擔國道41號商業線的相關費用和責任<ref name=swanson2005-04-26>{{cite news |last = Swanson |first = Scott |date = 2005-04-26 |title = Washington Reconstruction: City To Get $2.5&nbsp;Million |work = The Mining Journal |location = Marquette, Michigan |page = A1 |issn = 0898-4964 |oclc = 9729223 }}</ref>。該協議在經過運輸部和馬凱特市政府批准後於2005年10月10日生效<ref name=MoU>{{cite news |author = Michigan Department of Transportation |author2 = City of Marquette |name-list-style = amp |date = 2005-10-10 |title = Memorandum of Understanding |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |author2-link = Marquette, Michigan }}</ref>，美國國道41號商業線因此走入歷史；儘管有些當地地圖仍在除名多年後將通往馬凱特市區的道路標註為國道41號商業線<ref>{{cite map |author = Iron Ore Heritage Recreation Area |year = 2010 |title = Iron Ore Heritage Trail Official Map and Trail Guide |scale = Scale not given |location = Marquette, Michigan |publisher = Iron Ore Heritage Recreation Area |inset = Marquette–Chocolay }}</ref><ref>{{cite map |author = Marquette County Convention and Visitors Bureau |year = 2015 |title = Tourist Map of Marquette |scale = Scale not given |location = Marquette, Michigan |publisher = Marquette County Convention and Visitors Bureau }}</ref>且當地仍有許多公司行號在行銷時使用該路名{{#tag:ref|當地的[[華美達]]酒店仍將41號商業線含在廣告牌和供大眾前往酒店的路線圖，<ref>{{cite web |author = Ramada of Marquette |year = 2014 |title = Ramada of Marquette: Maps and Directions |url = http://www.ramada.com/hotels/michigan/marquette/ramada-of-marquette/maps-directions?partner_id=&hotel_id=00129&campaign_code=&propId=RA00129&checkout_date&brand_id=RA&children=0&corporate_id&ratePlan&teens=0&affiliate_id=&iata=&rate_code&adults=1&checkin_date&rooms=1 |publisher = Ramada Worldwide |access-date = 2015-09-29 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150930235603/http://www.ramada.com/hotels/michigan/marquette/ramada-of-marquette/maps-directions?partner_id=&hotel_id=00129&campaign_code=&propId=RA00129&checkout_date&brand_id=RA&children=0&corporate_id&ratePlan&teens=0&affiliate_id=&iata=&rate_code&adults=1&checkin_date&rooms=1 |archive-date = 2015-09-30 |url-status = dead }}</ref>[[北密西根大學]]入學部亦是如此。<ref>{{cite web |author = Admissions Office |year = 2015 |url = https://www.nmu.edu/admissions/directions |title = Directions to NMU |publisher = [[Northern Michigan University]] |access-date = 2015-09-29 |archive-date = 2022-09-25 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220925210033/https://nmu.edu/admissions/directions |dead-url = no }}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}}，商業線的相關路標已於2005年11月9日全數拆除<ref name=jtpr>{{cite press release |first = Dawn |last = Garner |title = MDOT and City of Marquette Complete Jurisdictional Transfer |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |date = 2005-11-09 |url = http://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0,1607,7-151-9620_11057-129975--,00.html |access-date = 2008-07-31 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070314203544/http://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0%2C1607%2C7-151-9620_11057-129975--%2C00.html |archive-date = 2007-03-14 |url-status = dead }}</ref>。
2005年4月，馬凱特市同意由密西根州運輸部將一部分曾由交通部管轄和維護的道路交換給馬凱特市管理，其中就包含了41號國道商業線。馬凱特市府則將麥克萊倫大街於41號國道以南的路段交由州政府管理以便州政府將553號州道延長至馬凱特旁道<ref name=shift>{{cite news |title = Road Shift with State Well-Planned |work = The Mining Journal |type = Editorial |location = Marquette, Michigan |date = 2005-04-27 |page = A6 |issn = 0898-4964 |oclc = 9729223 }}</ref>。管理權轉移的談判主要聚焦於密西根州運輸部是否會遵守規範麥克萊倫大道沿線車道的相關城市分區條例，以及馬凱特市政府可能需要承擔41號國道商業線的相關費用和責任<ref name=swanson2005-04-26>{{cite news |last = Swanson |first = Scott |date = 2005-04-26 |title = Washington Reconstruction: City To Get $2.5&nbsp;Million |work = The Mining Journal |location = Marquette, Michigan |page = A1 |issn = 0898-4964 |oclc = 9729223 }}</ref>。該協議在經過運輸部和馬凱特市政府批准後於2005年10月10日生效<ref name=MoU>{{cite news |author = Michigan Department of Transportation |author2 = City of Marquette |name-list-style = amp |date = 2005-10-10 |title = Memorandum of Understanding |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |author2-link = Marquette, Michigan }}</ref>，41號美國國道商業線因此走入歷史；儘管有些當地地圖仍在除名多年後將通往馬凱特市區的道路標註為41號國道商業線<ref>{{cite map |author = Iron Ore Heritage Recreation Area |year = 2010 |title = Iron Ore Heritage Trail Official Map and Trail Guide |scale = Scale not given |location = Marquette, Michigan |publisher = Iron Ore Heritage Recreation Area |inset = Marquette–Chocolay }}</ref><ref>{{cite map |author = Marquette County Convention and Visitors Bureau |year = 2015 |title = Tourist Map of Marquette |scale = Scale not given |location = Marquette, Michigan |publisher = Marquette County Convention and Visitors Bureau }}</ref>且當地仍有公司行號在行銷時使用該路名{{#tag:ref|當地的[[華美達]]酒店仍將41號商業線含在廣告牌和供大眾前往酒店的路線圖，<ref>{{cite web |author = Ramada of Marquette |year = 2014 |title = Ramada of Marquette: Maps and Directions |url = http://www.ramada.com/hotels/michigan/marquette/ramada-of-marquette/maps-directions?partner_id=&hotel_id=00129&campaign_code=&propId=RA00129&checkout_date&brand_id=RA&children=0&corporate_id&ratePlan&teens=0&affiliate_id=&iata=&rate_code&adults=1&checkin_date&rooms=1 |publisher = Ramada Worldwide |access-date = 2015-09-29 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150930235603/http://www.ramada.com/hotels/michigan/marquette/ramada-of-marquette/maps-directions?partner_id=&hotel_id=00129&campaign_code=&propId=RA00129&checkout_date&brand_id=RA&children=0&corporate_id&ratePlan&teens=0&affiliate_id=&iata=&rate_code&adults=1&checkin_date&rooms=1 |archive-date = 2015-09-30 |url-status = dead }}</ref>[[北密西根大學]]入學部亦是如此。<ref>{{cite web |author = Admissions Office |year = 2015 |url = https://www.nmu.edu/admissions/directions |title = Directions to NMU |publisher = [[Northern Michigan University]] |access-date = 2015-09-29 |archive-date = 2022-09-25 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220925210033/https://nmu.edu/admissions/directions |dead-url = no }}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}}，商業線的相關路標已於2005年11月9日全數拆除<ref name=jtpr>{{cite press release |first = Dawn |last = Garner |title = MDOT and City of Marquette Complete Jurisdictional Transfer |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |date = 2005-11-09 |url = http://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0,1607,7-151-9620_11057-129975--,00.html |access-date = 2008-07-31 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070314203544/http://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0%2C1607%2C7-151-9620_11057-129975--%2C00.html |archive-date = 2007-03-14 |url-status = dead }}</ref>。


[[File:Marquette, Michigan, 1927.jpg|thumb|right|upright|1927年的馬凱特|alt=Map of]]
[[File:Marquette, Michigan, 1927.jpg|thumb|right|upright|1927年的馬凱特|alt=Map of]]
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縱然馬凱特市府需維護41號國道商業線上的交通號誌<ref name=shift/>，市府依據上述協議獲得價值兩百五十萬美元的州政府資金（若考慮[[通貨膨脹]]則相當於2021年的三百四十萬美元）以改進當時的華盛頓街：馬凱特市府將華盛頓街從林肯大街到第七街的路段由雙向四車道改為雙向二車道和一中央左轉車道並重建第五街以西的道路；其速限從原本的{{convert|35|mph|km/h}}降至{{convert|25|mph|km/h}}以因應出入街道兩旁公司的車流<ref name=diem>{{cite news |last = Diem |first = Christopher |date = 2008-01-03 |title = Washington Street Reactions |url = http://www.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/503831/Washington-Street-reactions.html |work = The Mining Journal |location = Marquette, Michigan |page = A1 |access-date = 2012-04-29 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140419014935/http://www.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/503831/Washington-Street-reactions.html |archive-date = 2014-04-19 |issn = 0898-4964 |oclc = 9729223 |url-status = dead }}</ref>。前街和馬凱特旁道的交叉口於2010年改為圓環，並於同年8月19日開放。<ref name=diem-2010-08-19>{{cite news |last = Diem |first = Christopher |title = New Roundabout Celebrated with Ceremony |work = The Mining Journal |location = Marquette, Michigan |date = 2010-08-19 |page = A1 |url = http://beta249.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/547668.html |access-date = 2010-09-11 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110723211137/http://beta249.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/547668.html |archive-date = 2011-07-23 |issn = 0898-4964 |oclc = 9729223 |url-status = dead }}</ref>

⚫
縱然馬凱特市府仍需維護國道41號上的號誌燈<ref name=shift/>，市府依據上述協議獲得價值兩百五十萬美元的州政府資金（若考慮[[通貨膨脹]]則相當於2021年的三百四十萬美元）以改進當時的華盛頓街：馬凱特市府將華盛頓街從林肯街到第七街的路段由雙向四車道改為雙向二車道和一中央左轉車道並重建第五街以西的道路；其速限從原本的{{convert|35|mph|km/h}}降至{{convert|25|mph|km/h}}以因應出入街道兩旁公司的車流<ref name=diem>{{cite news |last = Diem |first = Christopher |date = 2008-01-03 |title = Washington Street Reactions |url = http://www.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/503831/Washington-Street-reactions.html |work = The Mining Journal |location = Marquette, Michigan |page = A1 |access-date = 2012-04-29 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140419014935/http://www.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/503831/Washington-Street-reactions.html |archive-date = 2014-04-19 |issn = 0898-4964 |oclc = 9729223 |url-status = dead }}</ref>。前街和馬凱特旁道的交叉口於2010年改為圓環，並於同年8月19日開放。<ref name=diem-2010-08-19>{{cite news |last = Diem |first = Christopher |title = New Roundabout Celebrated with Ceremony |work = The Mining Journal |location = Marquette, Michigan |date = 2010-08-19 |page = A1 |url = http://beta249.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/547668.html |access-date = 2010-09-11 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110723211137/http://beta249.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/547668.html |archive-date = 2011-07-23 |issn = 0898-4964 |oclc = 9729223 |url-status = dead }}</ref>


==主要路口==
==主要路口==
{{MIinttop|ref=<ref name=PRF>{{cite map |title = Control Section/Physical Reference Atlas |year = 2001 |author = Michigan Department of Transportation |author-link = Michigan Department of Transportation |location = Lansing |scale = Scale not given |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |map = Marquette County |oclc = 52464372 }}</ref>|location=馬凱特|former=yes}}
{{MIinttop|ref=<ref name=PRF>{{cite map |title = Control Section/Physical Reference Atlas |year = 2001 |author = Michigan Department of Transportation |author-link = Michigan Department of Transportation |location = Lansing |scale = Scale not given |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |map = Marquette County |oclc = 52464372 }}</ref>|county=馬凱特縣|location=馬凱特|former=yes}}
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{{MIint
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|mile=0.000
第53行： 第53行：
{{MIint
{{MIint
|mile=2.343
|mile=2.343
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|road={{jct|state=MI|US|41|M|28|Tour|LSCT|name3=前街}}
|notes=東端}}
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{{Attached KML|display=title,inline}}
{{Attached KML|display=title,inline}}

[[Category:41号美国国道]]
[[Category:41号美国国道]]
{{Good article}}
{{Good article}}

2024年7月20日 (六) 06:15的最新版本

41號美國國道商業線
U.S. Route 41 Business
道路信息
管理方馬凱特
道路總長2.343英里[3]（3.771公里）
启用时间1963年11月21日 (1963-11-21)[1]
停用时间2005年10月10日 (2005-10-10)[4]
历史商業線標誌於2005年11月9日移除[2]
主要连接道路
西端 41號美國國道／28號密西根州州道 (馬凱特市華盛頓街)
東端 41號美國國道／28號密西根州州道 (馬凱特市前街)
地點
縣份馬凱特縣

41號美國國道商業線（英語：Business US Highway 41）是一條曾隸屬於41号美国国道的商業線，其起點和終點皆為與28號州道共線的41號國道。該商業線曾作為密西根州高速幹線系統（Michigan State Trunkline System）的一部分，並全程與當地兩條於19世紀中期馬凱特市早期城市規劃設立的主要幹道華盛頓街（Washington Street）和前街（Front Street）共線。該線於2005年改由馬凱特市府管理後解編。

路線簡介

[编辑]

41號國道商業線起於華盛頓街與41號國道和28號州道交會處，後者與41號國道共線；除了在41號國道東向車流匯入商業線這一動線設有紅綠燈外，其餘動線皆使用停止標誌管理車流。向東前進一小段後，華盛頓街拓寬成雙向四車道並設立一分隔島直至約300碼（270米）後被一左轉車道取代。在麥克萊倫大街（McClellan Avenue）的交叉口設有紅綠燈，接著是通往馬凱特市區的上坡路。華盛頓街在經過市區的幾塊商業區後與林肯大街（Lincoln Avenue）南端相交並設有號誌，在通過路口之後轉向東南方；其路便被縮減成雙向二車道，但仍在各路口處設有供雙向車流使用的的左轉車道。經過林肯大街後，華盛頓街開始下坡，其中央左轉車道在經過第七街後隨著道路寬度變窄而消失。[5][6]

經過位於第七街旁的哈洛公園（Harlow Park）後，該商業線進入市區：道路兩側開始出現零售店、餐廳等服務業。在華盛頓街和第三街的交叉口處設有一棟包含郵局和聯邦法院等聯邦機構的建物。商業線則在和華盛頓街同為市區商業活動聚集處的前街右轉進入前街，其路口位置距離蘇必略湖只差一個街區。在經過紀念雅克·馬凱特的馬凱特神父公園後，前街繼續朝南方前進並開始上坡。該商業線在前街透過馬凱特旁道（Marquette Bypass）匯入41號國道處抵達終點。[5][6]

Photograph looking north on the 100 block
前街市區段

該商業線在由密西根州運輸部（Michigan Department of Transportation，MDOT）管理時屬於密西根州高速幹線系統的一環；運輸部曾出於其職責監控來往41號國道商業線的運量並計算該商業線的年平均日運量。運輸部於2004年測量出該線於林肯大街和前街之間的年平均日車流量為10272次，為密西根州高速幹線中運量最少者。該線在麥克萊倫大街和林肯大街之間的車流量最大，為19036次；前街則平均一天能達16309次的車流量[7]。該商業線並沒有被列入美國國家高速公路系統之中[8]。

歷史

[编辑]

馬凱特最早的定居者於1849年5月18日遷入[9]，並於1855年規劃出當地的主要幹道[10]。儘管當時的規劃是希望巴拉加大街成為馬凱特市區所在地，許多商家仍選擇把店面開在華盛頓街上[11]。之後隨著馬凱特於1859年註冊為鎮[12]並於1871年2月21日升格為市後[13]，該市最早的市政廳也建於華盛頓街上[14]。

在州政府設立密西根州高速幹線系統計畫後，州政府於1913年5月13日規畫出一條經過馬凱特市區的高速公路[15]。該公路在1919年時[16]曾作為15號密西根州州道的一部分[17]，並在之後因美國國道系統的建立而改編為41號國道和28號州道的共線路段[18]（即使當初規劃本應經過馬凱特市區的國道為102號[19]）。除了特別為了高速公路而興建的馬凱特旁道外，其他被規劃為高速公路的部分早在1920年代前就已經完工[20]。

在馬凱特旁道於1963年11月21日開放大眾使用[1]後，沿著華盛頓街和前街的舊41號國道路線改為一尚未編制的商業線；其於1964年第一次以41號美國國道商業線的名稱出現在密西根州高速公路的地圖上[21]。此路線在1975年曾加入密西根州州道路網，並在原美國國道編制之上增編為密西根州道28號商業線[22]使其和位於馬凱特西邊的另一條商業線同名[23][24]，該州道編制於1981年移除[25][26]。

2005年4月，馬凱特市同意由密西根州運輸部將一部分曾由交通部管轄和維護的道路交換給馬凱特市管理，其中就包含了41號國道商業線。馬凱特市府則將麥克萊倫大街於41號國道以南的路段交由州政府管理以便州政府將553號州道延長至馬凱特旁道[27]。管理權轉移的談判主要聚焦於密西根州運輸部是否會遵守規範麥克萊倫大道沿線車道的相關城市分區條例，以及馬凱特市政府可能需要承擔41號國道商業線的相關費用和責任[28]。該協議在經過運輸部和馬凱特市政府批准後於2005年10月10日生效[4]，41號美國國道商業線因此走入歷史；儘管有些當地地圖仍在除名多年後將通往馬凱特市區的道路標註為41號國道商業線[29][30]且當地仍有公司行號在行銷時使用該路名[a]，商業線的相關路標已於2005年11月9日全數拆除[2]。

Map of
1927年的馬凱特

縱然馬凱特市府需維護41號國道商業線上的交通號誌[27]，市府依據上述協議獲得價值兩百五十萬美元的州政府資金（若考慮通貨膨脹則相當於2021年的三百四十萬美元）以改進當時的華盛頓街：馬凱特市府將華盛頓街從林肯大街到第七街的路段由雙向四車道改為雙向二車道和一中央左轉車道並重建第五街以西的道路；其速限從原本的35英里每小時（56公里每小時）降至25英里每小時（40公里每小時）以因應出入街道兩旁公司的車流[33]。前街和馬凱特旁道的交叉口於2010年改為圓環，並於同年8月19日開放。[34]

主要路口

[编辑]

全線均位於馬凱特縣馬凱特境內。

英里[3]公里接點備註
0.0000.000 41號美國國道／28號密西根州州道／LSCT西端
2.3433.771 41號美國國道／28號密西根州州道／LSCT（前街）東端
1.000英里＝1.609公里；1.000公里＝0.621英里

注釋

[编辑]
  1. ^ 當地的華美達酒店仍將41號商業線含在廣告牌和供大眾前往酒店的路線圖，[31]北密西根大學入學部亦是如此。[32]

參考資料

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Bypass to Cut Travel Time by 20 Minutes. The Mining Journal (Marquette, MI). 1963-11-20: 13. ISSN 0898-4964. OCLC 9729223. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Garner, Dawn. MDOT and City of Marquette Complete Jurisdictional Transfer (新闻稿). Michigan Department of Transportation. 2005-11-09 [2008-07-31]. （原始内容存档于2007-03-14）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Michigan Department of Transportation. Marquette County (地图). Control Section/Physical Reference Atlas. Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. 2001. OCLC 52464372. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Michigan Department of Transportation & City of Marquette. Memorandum of Understanding. Michigan Department of Transportation. 2005-10-10. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Michigan Department of Transportation. Michigan: Official Department of Transportation Map (地图) 2003–2004. c. 1:190,080. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. Marquette inset. 2004. OCLC 42778335、53197160. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Google Inc. Overview Map of Former Bus. US 41 (地图). Google Inc. 2008-08-14 [2008-08-14]. 
  7. ^ Bureau of Transportation Planning. Traffic Monitoring Information System. Michigan Department of Transportation. 2008 [2011-04-24]. （原始内容存档于2012-07-02）. 
  8. ^ Michigan Department of Transportation. National Highway System, Michigan (PDF) (地图). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. 2006-04-23 [2008-10-07]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-10-04）. 
  9. ^ Diem, Christopher. A Glimpse of the Past: Sunrise Re-Enactment Honors Marquette's Founders. The Mining Journal (Marquette, Michigan). 2009-05-18: A1 [2012-07-25]. ISSN 0898-4964. OCLC 9729223. （原始内容存档于2015-04-02）. 
  10. ^ Brooks, A. & Chamberlain, J.G. Map of Iron Bay and the Village of Marquette (地图). 1:1,440. Marquette, Michigan: Cleveland and Sharon Iron Companies. 1855. OCLC 28982382. 
  11. ^ Longtine, Sonny & Chappell, Laverne. Marquette: Then and Now. Marquette, Michigan: North Shore Publications. 1999: 67. ISBN 0-9670793-0-6. OCLC 42775596. 
  12. ^ Central Upper Peninsula and NMU Archives. Marquette Historical Timeline. Northern Michigan University. n.d. [July 25, 2012]. （原始内容存档于August 20, 2012）. 
  13. ^ Rydholm, C. Fred. Superior Heartland: A Backwoods History 1. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Braun-Brumfield. 1989: 208. ISBN 0-9639948-2-4. LCCN 89-90710. OCLC 20652946. 
  14. ^ Eckert, Kathryn Bishop. The Sandstone Architecture of the Lake Superior Region. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. 2000: 126–130 [2023-03-04]. ISBN 0-8143-2807-5. （原始内容存档于2023-03-11） –通过Google Books. 
  15. ^ Michigan Legislature. Chapter 91: State Reward Trunk Line Highways. Shields, Edmund C.; Black, Cyrenius P. & Broomfield, Archibald (编). The Compiled Laws of the State of Michigan 1. Lansing, Michigan: Wynkoop, Hallenbeck, Crawford. 1915: 1868–72 [enacted May 13, 1913] [2012-01-24]. OCLC 44724558. 
  16. ^ Michigan May Do Well Following Wisconsin's Road Marking System. The Grand Rapids Press. 1919-09-20: 10. OCLC 9975013. 
  17. ^ Michigan State Highway Department. State of Michigan (地图). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Upper Peninsula sheet. July 1, 1919 [December 18, 2016]. OCLC 15607244 –通过Michigan State University Libraries. 
  18. ^ Bureau of Public Roads & American Association of State Highway Officials. United States System of Highways Adopted for Uniform Marking by the American Association of State Highway Officials (地图). 1:7,000,000. Washington, DC: United States Geological Survey. 1926-11-11 [2013-11-07]. OCLC 32889555. （原始内容存档于2017-04-13） –通过Wikimedia Commons. 
  19. ^ Joint Board on Interstate Highways. Appendix VI: Descriptions of the Interstate Routes Selected, with Numbers Assigned. Report of Joint Board on Interstate Highways, October 30, 1925, Approved by the Secretary of Agriculture, November 18, 1925 (Report). Washington, DC: United States Department of Agriculture. 1925: 52 [2017-11-14]. OCLC 733875457、55123355、71026428. （原始内容存档于2017-11-14） –通过Wikisource. 
  20. ^ Michigan State Highway Department. Official Highway Condition Map (地图). [c. 1:823,680]. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. December 1, 1926. 
  21. ^ Michigan State Highway Department. Official Highway Map (地图). [c. 1:918,720]. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. § C6. 1964 [October 17, 2019]. OCLC 12701120、81213707 –通过Michigan History Center. 
  22. ^ Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation. Michigan, Great Lake State: Official Transportation Map (地图). c. 1:190,080. Lansing: Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation. Marquette inset. 1975 [October 17, 2019]. OCLC 12701177、320798754 –通过Michigan History Center. 
  23. ^ Marquette County Road Commission. Marquette County (地图). Scale not given. Ishpeming, Michigan: Marquette County Road Commission. 1939. 
  24. ^ Marquette County Road Commission. Marquette County (地图). Scale not given. Ishpeming, Michigan: Marquette County Road Commission. 1950. 
  25. ^ Michigan Department of Transportation. Michigan, Great Lake State: Official Transportation Map (地图) 1980–1981. c. 1:190,080. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. Marquette inset. 1980. OCLC 12701177、606211521. 
  26. ^ Michigan Department of Transportation. Michigan, Great Lake State: Official Transportation Map (地图) 1980–1981. c. 1:190,080. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. Marquette inset. 1981 [October 17, 2019]. OCLC 12701177、606211521 –通过Michigan History Center. 
  27. ^ 27.0 27.1 Road Shift with State Well-Planned. The Mining Journal (Editorial) (Marquette, Michigan). 2005-04-27: A6. ISSN 0898-4964. OCLC 9729223. 
  28. ^ Swanson, Scott. Washington Reconstruction: City To Get $2.5 Million. The Mining Journal (Marquette, Michigan). 2005-04-26: A1. ISSN 0898-4964. OCLC 9729223. 
  29. ^ Iron Ore Heritage Recreation Area. Iron Ore Heritage Trail Official Map and Trail Guide (地图). Scale not given. Marquette, Michigan: Iron Ore Heritage Recreation Area. Marquette–Chocolay inset. 2010. 
  30. ^ Marquette County Convention and Visitors Bureau. Tourist Map of Marquette (地图). Scale not given. Marquette, Michigan: Marquette County Convention and Visitors Bureau. 2015. 
  31. ^ Ramada of Marquette. Ramada of Marquette: Maps and Directions. Ramada Worldwide. 2014 [2015-09-29]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-30）. 
  32. ^ Admissions Office. Directions to NMU. Northern Michigan University. 2015 [2015-09-29]. （原始内容存档于2022-09-25）. 
  33. ^ Diem, Christopher. Washington Street Reactions. The Mining Journal (Marquette, Michigan). 2008-01-03: A1 [2012-04-29]. ISSN 0898-4964. OCLC 9729223. （原始内容存档于2014-04-19）. 
  34. ^ Diem, Christopher. New Roundabout Celebrated with Ceremony. The Mining Journal (Marquette, Michigan). 2010-08-19: A1 [2010-09-11]. ISSN 0898-4964. OCLC 9729223. （原始内容存档于2011-07-23）. 
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