Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: The concept of darkness in the Hebrew Bible is often conveyed by words such as חֹשֶׁךְ (choshek, Strong's Hebrew 2822), which similarly denotes darkness or obscurity. This Hebrew term is used in contexts that parallel the New Testament's use of ζόφος, such as in descriptions of the primordial darkness before creation (Genesis 1:2) and the darkness that symbolizes divine judgment (Exodus 10:21-22).

Usage: In the New Testament, ζόφος is used to depict a state of deep darkness, often associated with judgment or the absence of divine light. It is used in contexts that convey a sense of foreboding or spiritual desolation.

Context: The Greek word ζόφος appears in several key New Testament passages, each highlighting its thematic significance of darkness and judgment. In 2 Peter 2:4, the term is used to describe the "gloomy dungeons" where fallen angels are held, emphasizing the severity of their punishment: "For if God did not spare the angels when they sinned, but cast them deep into hell, placing them in chains of darkness to be held for judgment." Similarly, in 2 Peter 2:17, false teachers are compared to "mists driven by a storm, for whom blackest darkness has been reserved." This usage underscores the ultimate fate awaiting those who lead others astray.

In Jude 1:6, ζόφος is again associated with the judgment of angels: "And the angels who did not stay within their own domain but abandoned their proper dwelling, He keeps under darkness, bound with everlasting chains for judgment on that great day." Jude 1:13 further describes the fate of false teachers as "wild waves of the sea, foaming up their own shame; wandering stars, for whom blackest darkness has been reserved forever."

The consistent use of ζόφος in these passages highlights a theological theme of divine retribution and the stark contrast between the light of God's presence and the darkness of separation from Him. The term serves as a powerful metaphor for the spiritual and moral consequences of turning away from divine truth.