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Contents of the Voyager Golden Record

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The Voyager Golden Record
Cover of the Voyager Golden Record

The Voyager Golden Record contains 116 images and a variety of sounds. The items for the record, which is carried on both the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft, were selected for NASA by a committee chaired by Carl Sagan of Cornell University. Included are natural sounds (including some made by animals), musical selections from different cultures and eras, spoken greetings in 59 languages,[1][2] human sounds like footsteps and laughter,[3] and printed messages from President Jimmy Carter and U.N. Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim.

Greetings

[edit]

The first audio section contains a spoken greeting in English from then-Secretary-General of the United Nations Kurt Waldheim.

The second audio section ("Greetings in 55 Languages") contains spoken greetings in 55 languages.[4] The original plan was to use greetings made by United Nations delegates, but various problems with these recordings led to new recordings being made at Cornell University by people from the foreign-language departments.[5] The number of native speakers of these 55 languages combined (excluding L2 speakers) is over 4.7 billion people, comprising over 65% of the world population. It includes four Chinese languages (marked with **), 12 South Asian languages (marked #) and five ancient languages (marked §), listed here in alphabetical order:

This is a list of the recorded greetings in order of appearance on their respective tracks.[6]

Track Time Language Speaker Original English translation
2 0:00:00 Sumerian David I. Owen 𒁲𒈠𒃶𒈨𒂗 (šilim-ma hé-me-en) May all be well
2 0:00:04 Ancient Greek Frederick M. Ahl Οἵτινές ποτ᾿ ἔστε χαίρετε! Εἰρηνικῶς πρὸς φίλους ἐληλύθαμεν φίλοι. (Hoitines pot'este chairete! Eirēnikōs pros philous elēlythamen philoi.) Greetings to you, whoever you are. We come in friendship to those who are friends.[n 1]
2 0:00:11 Portuguese Janet Sternberg Paz e felicidade a todos Peace and happiness to everyone
2 0:00:14 Cantonese Stella Fessler 各位好嗎？祝各位平安健康快樂。; Gok3 wai2 hou2 maa1? Zuk1 gok3 wai2 ping4 on1 gin6 hong1 faai3 lok6. How's everyone? Wish you peace, health and happiness
2 0:00:19 Akkadian David I. Owen Adanniš lu šulmu May all be very well
2 0:00:22 Russian Maria Rubinova Здравствуйте! Приветствую Вас! (Zdrávstvuyte! Privétstvuyu Vas!) Greetings! I Welcome You!
2 0:00:25 Thai Ruchira Mendiones สวัสดีค่ะ สหายในธรณีโพ้น พวกเราในธรณีนี้ขอส่งมิตรจิตมาถึงท่านทุกคน (Sàwàtdee kâ, sàhăai nai torránee póhn. Pûak rao nai torránee née kŏr sòng mít jìt maa tĕung tâan túk kon) Hello friends from farland. We in this land have sent you warm greeting to you all
2 0:00:32 Arabic Amahl Shakh .تحياتنا للأصدقاء في النجوم. يا ليت يجمعنا الزمان Taḥiyyātunā lil-'aṣdiqā' fin-nujūm. Yā layt yajma`unā az-zamān. Our greetings to the friends amongst the stars. We wish that time would unite us
2 0:00:38 Romanian Sanda Huffman Salutări la toată lumea Regards to everyone
2 0:00:42 French Alexandra Littauer Bonjour tout le monde Hello everyone
2 0:00:45 Burmese Maung Myo Lwin နေကောင်းပါသလား (Naykaungg parsalarr?) Are you well?
2 0:00:48 Hebrew David I. Owen שלום‎ Shalom Peace
2 0:00:50 Spanish Erik J. Beukenkamp Hola y saludos a todos Hello and greetings to everyone
2 0:00:54 Indonesian Ilyas Harun Selamat malam hadirin sekalian, selamat berpisah dan sampai bertemu lagi dilain waktu Good night, ladies and gentlemen. Goodbye and see you next time
2 0:00:59 Kechua (Quechua) Fredy Roncalla Kay pachamamta niytapas maytapas rimapallasta runasimipi Hello to everybody from this Earth, in Quechua language
2 0:01:04 Punjabi Jatinder N. Paul ਆਓ ਜੀ, ਜੀ ਆਇਆਂ ਨੂੰ (Aao ji, jee aya nu) Welcome home. It is a pleasure to receive you
2 0:01:07 Hittite David I. Owen aššuli Greetings / Hail! (literally "in goodwill")
2 0:01:08 Bengali Subrata Mukherjee নমস্কার, বিশ্বে শান্তি হোক (Nômośkār, biśśē śānti hōk) Hello! Let there be peace everywhere
2 0:01:11 Latin Frederick M. Ahl Salvete quicumque estis; bonam erga vos voluntatem habemus, et pacem per astra ferimus Greetings to you, whoever you are; we have good will towards you and bring peace across space
2 0:01:19 Aramaic David I. Owen 𐡌𐡋𐡔 or שלם or ܫܠܡ Šəlām Hello (literally "peace")
2 0:01:22 Dutch Joan de Boer Hartelijke groeten aan iedereen Dear/sincere greetings to everyone
2 0:01:24 German Renate Born Herzliche Grüße an alle Warm greetings to everyone
2 0:01:27 Urdu Salma Alzal السلام عليکم ـ ہم زمين کے رہنے والوں کى طرف سے آپ کو خوش آمديد کہتے ھيں Assalamu alaikum. Hum zameen ke rehne waalon ki taraf se aap ko khush aamdeed kehte hain. Peace on you. We the inhabitants of this earth send our greetings to you
2 0:01:37 Vietnamese Trần Trọng Hải Chân thành gửi tới các bạn lời chào thân hữu Sincere greetings to you
2 0:01:40 Turkish Peter Ian Kuniholm Sayın Türkçe bilen arkadaşlarımız, sabah şerifleriniz hayrolsun Dear Turkish-speaking friends, may the honors of the morning be upon your heads
2 0:01:45 Japanese Mari Noda こんにちは。お元気ですか？ Konnichiwa. O genki desu ka? Hello (literally "How is your day?".) How are you?
2 0:01:48 Hindi Omar Alzal धरती के वासियों की ओर से नमस्कार Dharati ke waasiyon ki or se namaskar Greetings from the inhabitants of the earth
2 0:01:51 Welsh Frederick M. Ahl[7] Iechyd da i chi yn awr, ac yn oesoedd Good health to you now and forever
2 0:01:54 Italian Debby Grossvogel Tanti auguri e saluti Many greetings and wishes
2 0:01:57 Sinhala Kamal de Abrew ආයුබෝවන්! Āyubōwan! Wish You a Long Life.
2 0:02:00 Zulu (isiZulu) Fred Dube Siya nibingelela maqhawe sinifisela inkonzo ende. We greet you, great ones. We wish you longevity
2 0:02:05 Sotho (Sesotho) Fred Dube Reani lumelisa marela. We greet you, O great ones
2 0:02:08 Wu Yvonne Meinwald 祝㑚大家好。 Tsoh3 na13 da11 ka53 hoa34 Best wishes to you all
2 0:02:12 Armenian Araxy Terzian Բոլոր անոնց որ կը գտնուին տիեզերգի միգամածութիւնէն անդին, ողջոյններ (Bolor anonts’ vor ky gtnuin tiezergi migamatsut’iwnen andin, voghjoynner)[7] To all those who exist in the universe, greetings
2 0:02:19 Korean Soon Hee Shin 안녕하세요 (Annyeong haseyo) Hello (literally "Are you peaceful?" or "Be peaceful")
2 0:02:22 Polish Maria Nowakowska-Stycos Witajcie, istoty z zaświatów. Welcome, beings from beyond the world.
2 0:02:25 Nepali Durga Prashad Ojha प्रिथ्वी वासीहरु बाट शान्ति मय भविष्य को शुभकामना (Prithvī vāsīharu bāṭa śānti maya bhaviṣya kō śubhakāmanā) Wishing you a peaceful future from the earthlings
2 0:02:29 Mandarin Chinese Liang Ku 各位都好吧？我们都很想念你们，有空请到这儿来玩。; 各位都好吧？我們都很想念你們，有空請到這兒來玩。; Gèwèi dōu hǎo ba? Wǒmen dōu hěn xiǎngniàn nǐmen, yǒu kòng qǐng dào zhè'er lái wán. How's everyone? We all very much wish to meet you, if you're free please come and visit
2 0:02:35 Ila Saul Moobola Mypone kaboutu noose. We wish all of you well
2 0:02:38 Swedish Gunnel Almgren Schaar Hälsningar från en dataprogrammerare i den lilla universitetsstaden Ithaca på planeten Jorden Greetings from a computer programmer in the small university town of Ithaca on (the) planet Earth
2 0:02:45 Nyanja Saul Moobola Mulibwanji imwe boonse bantu bakumwamba. How are all you people of other planets?
2 0:02:48 Gujarati Radhekant Dave પૃથ્વી ઉપર વસનાર એક માનવ તરફથી બ્રહ્માંડના અન્ય અવકાશમાં વસનારાઓને હાર્દિક અભિનંદન. આ સંદેશો મળ્યે, વળતો સંદેશો મોકલાવશો. (Pr̥thvī upara vasanāra ēka mānava taraphathī brahmāṇḍanā an'ya avakāśamāṁ vasanārā'ōnē hārdika abhinandana. Ā sandēśō maḷyē, vaḷatō sandēśō mōkalāvaśō.) Greetings from a human being of the Earth. Please contact
2 0:03:03 Ukrainian Andrew Cehelsky Пересилаємо привіт із нашого світу, бажаємо щастя, здоров'я і многая літа (Peresylayemo pryvit iz nashoho svitu, bazhayemo shchastya, zdorov'ya i mnohaya lita) We are sending greetings from our world, wishing you happiness, health and many years
2 0:03:09 Persian Eshagh Samehyeh درود بر ساکنین ماورای آسمان‌ها (Dorud bar sâkenin mawrah âsemân-hâ) ... Greetings to the residents of far skies ...
2 0:03:22 Serbian Milan Mihailo Smiljanić Желимо вам све најлепше са наше планете (Želimo vam sve najlepše sa naše planete) We wish you all the best, from our planet
2 0:03:25 Oriya Raghaba Prasada Sahu ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ ତାରକାର ତୃତୀୟ ଗ୍ରହ ପୃଥିବୀରୁ ବିଶ୍ୱବ୍ରହ୍ମାଣ୍ଡର ଅଧିବାସୀ ମାନଙ୍କୁ ଅଭିନନ୍ଦନ (Sūryẏa tārakāra tr̥tīẏa graha pr̥thibīru biśẇabrahmāṇḍara adhibāsī mānaṅku abhinandana.) Greetings to the inhabitants of the universe from the third planet Earth of the star Sun
2 0:03:34 Ganda (Luganda) Elijah Mwima-Mudeenya Musulayo mutya abantu bensi eno mukama abawe emirembe bulijo. Greetings to all peoples of the universe. God give you peace always
2 0:03:38 Marathi Arati Pandit नमस्कार. ह्या पृथ्वीतील लोक तुम्हाला त्यांचे शुभविचार पाठवतात आणि त्यांची इच्छा आहे की तुम्ही ह्या जन्मी धन्य व्हा. (Namaskāra. Hyā pr̥thvītīla lōka tumhālā tyān̄cē śubhavicāra pāṭhavatāta āṇi tyān̄cī icchā āhē kī tumhī hyā janmī dhan'ya vhā.) Greetings. The people of the Earth send their good wishes and hope you find good fortune in this life.
2 0:03:47 Amoy (Southern Min/Hokkien) Margaret Sook Ching See Gebauer 太空朋友，恁好！恁食飽未？有閒著來阮遮坐喔。 (Thài-khong pêng-iú, lín-hó. Lín chia̍h-pá--bē? Ū-êng, to̍h lâi gún chia chē--ô͘! ) Friends from space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time
2 0:03:55 Hungarian (Magyar) Elizabeth Bilson Üdvözletet küldünk magyar nyelven minden békét szerető lénynek a Világegyetemen We are sending greetings in the Hungarian language to all peace-loving beings on the Universe
2 0:04:01 Telugu Prasad Kodukula నమస్తే, తెలుగు మాట్లాడే జనముననించి మా శుభాకాంక్షలు. (Namastē, telugu māṭlāḍē janamunanin̄ci mā śubhākāṅkṣalu) Greetings. Best wishes from Telugu-speaking people
2 0:04:05 Czech Vaclav Otakar Kostroun Milí přátelé, přejeme vám vše nejlepší Dear Friends, we wish you the best
2 0:04:08 Kannada (Kanarese) Shrinivasa K. Upadhyaya ನಮಸ್ತೆ, ಕನ್ನಡಿಗರ ಪರವಾಗಿ ಶುಭಾಷಯಗಳು. (Namaste, kannaḍigara paravāgi śubhāṣayagaḷu.) Greetings. On behalf of Kannada-speaking people, 'good wishes'
2 0:04:12 Rajasthani Mool C. Gupta सब भाइमो ने म्हारो राम पहुॅचे हमा अंडे खुशी डॉ उम्हा वहाँ खुगो रीगो Hello to everyone. We are happy here and you be happy there
2 0:04:18 English Nick Sagan Hello from the children of planet Earth

Sounds

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The next audio section is devoted to the "sounds of Earth" that include:[8]

Included within the Sounds of Earth audio portion of the Golden Record is a track containing the inspirational message per aspera ad astra in Morse code. Translated from Latin, it means 'through hardships to the stars.'

Brainwaves

[edit]

The life signs included on the record were an hour-long recording of the heartbeat and brainwaves of Ann Druyan, who would later marry Carl Sagan. The hour-long recording was compressed into the span of a minute to be able to fit into the essay.[9] In the epilogue of the 1997 book Billions and Billions, she describes the experience:

Earlier I had asked Carl if those putative extraterrestrials of a billion years from now could conceivably interpret the brain waves of a meditator. Who knows? A billion years is a long, long time, was his reply. On the chance that it might be possible why don't we give it a try? Two days after our life-changing phone call, I entered a laboratory at Bellevue Hospital in New York City and was hooked up to a computer that turned all the data from my brain and heart into sound. I had a one-hour mental itinerary of the information I wished to convey. I began by thinking about the history of Earth and the life it sustains. To the best of my abilities I tried to think something of the history of ideas and human social organization. I thought about the predicament that our civilization finds itself in and about the violence and poverty that make this planet a hell for so many of its inhabitants. Toward the end I permitted myself a personal statement of what it was like to fall in love.[10]

On February 12, 2010, an interview with Ann Druyan was aired on NPR during which the above was explained in more detail.[11]

Music

[edit]

Following the section on the sounds of Earth, there is an eclectic 90-minute selection of music from many cultures, including Eastern and Western classics. The selections include:[12]

Country Piece Composer Performer(s) Recorded by / in Genre of music Length
Germany Brandenburg Concerto No. 2 in F Major, BWV 1047: I. Allegro Johann Sebastian Bach Munich Bach Orchestra/Karl Richter (conductor) featuring Karl-Heinz Schneeberger (violin) Recorded in Munich, January 1967 Classical music / Baroque music 4:40
Indonesia Ketawang: Puspåwarnå (Kinds of Flowers) Mangkunegara IV Pura Paku Alaman Palace Orchestra/K.R.T. Wasitodipuro (director) featuring Niken Larasati and Nji Tasri (vocals) Recorded by Robert E. Brown in Yogyakarta, Java on January 10, 1971 Folk music / Gamelan 4:43
Benin Cengunmé[13] Traditional Mahi musicians of Benin Recorded by Charles Duvelle in Savalou, Dahomey, January 1963 Folk music / Percussion 2:08
Zaire Alima Song Traditional Mbuti of the Ituri Rainforest Recorded by Colin Turnbull and Francis S. Chapman in the Ituri Rainforest, Belgian Congo, circa 1951 Folk music 0:56
Australia Barnumbirr (Morning Star) and Moikoi Song Traditional Tom Djäwa (clapsticks), Mudpo (digeridoo), and Waliparu (vocals)[14] Recorded by Sandra Le Brun Holmes at Milingimbi Mission on Milingimbi Island, off the coast of Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, circa 1962 Folk music / Australian Indigenous music 1:26
Mexico El Cascabel (The Bell) Lorenzo Barcelata Antonio Maciel and Los Aguilillas with Mariachi México de Pepe Villa/Rafael Carrión (conductor) Recorded at Musart Records, Mexico City, circa 1957 Mariachi 3:14
United States Johnny B. Goode Chuck Berry Chuck Berry (vocals, guitar) with Lafayette Leake (piano), Willie Dixon (bass), and Fred Below (drums) Recorded at Chess Studios, Chicago, Illinois, on January 6, 1958 Rock and roll 2:03
Papua New Guinea Mariuamangɨ Traditional Pranis Pandang and Kumbui (mariuamangɨ) of the Nyaura Clan Recorded by Robert MacLennan in the village of Kandɨngei, Middle Sepik, New Guinea on July 23, 1964 Folk music 1:20
Japan / United States Sokaku-Reibo (Depicting The Cranes In Their Nest) Arranged by Kinko Kurosawa Gorō Yamaguchi (shakuhachi) Recorded in New York City, circa 1967 Folk music / Honkyoku 4:51
Germany / Belgium Partita for Violin Solo No. 3 in E Major, BWV 1006: III. Gavotte en Rondeau Johann Sebastian Bach Arthur Grumiaux (violin) Recorded in Berlin, November 1960 Classical music / Baroque music 2:55
Austria / Germany The Magic Flute (Die Zauberflöte), K. 620, Act II: Der Hölle Rache kocht in meinem Herzen (Hell's Vengeance Boils In My Heart) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Bavarian State Opera Orchestra and Chorus/Wolfgang Sawallisch (conductor) featuring Edda Moser (soprano) Recorded in Munich, August 1972 Classical music / Opera / Singspiel 2:55
Georgia Chakrulo Traditional Georgian State Merited Ensemble of Folk Song and Dance/Anzor Kavsadze (director) featuring Ilia Zakaidze (first tenor) and Rostom Saginashvili (second tenor)[15][16][self-published source] Recorded at Melodiya Studio in Tbilisi, Georgia Folk music / Choral music 2:18
Peru Roncadoras and Drums Traditional Musicians from Ancash From recordings collected by José María Arguedas (Casa de la Cultura) in the Ancash Region, circa 1964 Folk music 0:52
United States Melancholy Blues Marty Bloom and Walter Melrose Louis Armstrong and His Hot Seven Recorded in Chicago, Illinois on May 11, 1927 Jazz 3:05
Azerbaijan Muğam (Çahargah ahəngi) Traditional Kamil Jalilov (balaban) Recording of Radio Moscow Folk music 2:30
Russia / France / United States The Rite of Spring (Le Sacre Du Printemps), Part II: The Sacrifice: VI. Sacrificial Dance (The Chosen One) Igor Stravinsky Columbia Symphony Orchestra/Igor Stravinsky (conductor) Recorded at the Ballroom of Hotel St. George, Brooklyn, New York on January 6, 1960 Modern classical music / Ballet 4:35
Germany / Canada / United States The Well-Tempered Clavier, Book II, Prelude and Fugue in C major, BWV 870 Johann Sebastian Bach Glenn Gould (piano) Recorded at CBS 30th Street Studio in New York City on August 8, 1966 Classical music / Baroque music 4:48
Germany / United Kingdom Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Opus 67: I. Allegro con brio Ludwig van Beethoven Philharmonia Orchestra/Otto Klemperer (conductor) Recorded at Kingsway Hall, London on October 6, 1955 Classical music / Romantic music 8:50
Bulgaria Izlel ye Delyo Haydutin Traditional Valya Balkanska (vocal), Lazar Kanevski, and Stephan Zahmanov (Kaba gaida) Recorded by Martin Koenig and Ethel Rain in Smolyan, circa 1968 Folk music 4:59
United States Navajo Night Chant, Yeibichai Dance Traditional Ambrose Roan Horse, Chester Roan, and Tom Roan Recorded by Willard Rhodes in Pine Springs, Arizona, circa 1942 Folk music 0:57
United Kingdom The Fairie Round Anthony Holborne Early Music Consort of London/David Munrow (director) Recorded at EMI Recording Studios, London, September 1973 Classical music / Renaissance music 1:17
Solomon Islands Naranaratana Kookokoo (The Cry of the Megapode Bird) Traditional Maniasinimae and Taumaetarau Chieftain Tribe of Oloha and Palasu'u Village Community in Small Malaita Recording of Solomon Islands Broadcasting Services (SIBS) Folk music 1:12
Peru Wedding Song Traditional Performed by a young girl of Huancavelica Recorded by John and Penny Cohen in Huancavelica, circa 1964 Folk music 0:38
China / Taiwan, Republic of China Liu Shui (Flowing Streams) Traditional; associated with Bo Ya Guan Pinghu (guqin) Recording of the UNESCO Collection Folk music 7:37
India Bhairavi: Jaat Kahan Ho Traditional Kesarbai Kerkar (vocals) with harmonium, tanpura and tabla accompaniment Recorded in Bombay, April 1953 Hindustani Shastriya Sangeet (Indian classical music) 3:30
United States Dark Was The Night, Cold Was The Ground Blind Willie Johnson Blind Willie Johnson (slide guitar, vocals) Recorded in Dallas, Texas, on December 3, 1927 Blues 3:15
Germany / Hungary / United States String Quartet No. 13: in B♭ major, Opus 130: V. Cavatina Ludwig van Beethoven Budapest String Quartet Recorded at the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., on April 7, 1960 Classical music / Romantic music 6:37

It has been claimed that Sagan had originally asked for permission to include "Here Comes the Sun" from the Beatles' album Abbey Road; but while the Beatles favored it, EMI opposed it and the song was not included.[7] However, this has been refuted by Timothy Ferris, who worked on the selection with Sagan; he said the song was never even considered for inclusion.[13]

Images

[edit]

Along with the audio, the record contains a collection of 116 pictures (one of which is for calibration) detailing but not limited to human life on Earth and the planet itself. Many pictures are annotated with one or many indications of scales of time, size or mass. Some images also contain indications of chemical composition. All measures used on the pictures are first defined in the first few images using physical references.

Following is a list of all the images contained in the Voyager Golden Record together with a description of the nature of the image and what annotations were included in them, and when copyright permits, the actual image.[17]

After NASA had received criticism over the nudity on the Pioneer plaque (line drawings of a naked man and woman), the agency chose not to allow Sagan and his colleagues to include George Hester's photograph of a nude man and woman on the record.[18] Instead, only a silhouette of the couple was included.[19]

An official statement by President Jimmy Carter was included as images (positions 117, 118). It reads, in part:

This Voyager spacecraft was constructed by the United States of America. We are a community of 240 million human beings among the more than 4 billion who inhabit the planet Earth. We human beings are still divided into nation states, but these states are rapidly becoming a global civilization. We cast this message into the cosmos ... It is likely to survive a billion years into our future, when our civilization is profoundly altered and the surface of the Earth may be vastly changed. Of the 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy, some – perhaps many – may have inhabited planets and space faring civilizations. If one such civilization intercepts Voyager and can understand these recorded contents, here is our message: This is a present from a small distant world, a token of our sounds, our science, our images, our music, our thoughts, and our feelings. We are attempting to survive our time so we may live into yours. We hope some day, having solved the problems we face, to join a community of galactic civilizations. This record represents our hope and our determination and our goodwill in a vast and awesome universe.[20][21]

Position Description Type and source[22] Annotations
1 Calibration circle Black-and-white diagram
2 Solar location map Black-and-white diagram
3 Mathematical definitions Black-and-white text
4 Physical unit definitions Black-and-white text
5 Solar System parameters Black-and-white text
6 Solar System parameters Black-and-white text
7 The Sun Black-and-white image (Hale observatories)
8 Solar spectrum Color image
9 Mercury Black-and-white image
10 Mars Black-and-white image Size
11 Jupiter Color image Size
12 Earth Color image Size
13 Egypt, Red Sea, Sinai Peninsula, and the Nile Color image Chemical composition
14 Chemical definitions Black-and-white diagram Size
15 DNA Structure Color diagram Size
16 DNA Structure magnified, light hit Color diagram Size
17 Cells and cell division Black-and-white image (Turtox/Cambosco) Size
18 Anatomy 1 (Skeleton front) Color diagram (World Book)
19 Anatomy 2 (Skeleton and muscles back) Color diagram (World Book)
20 Anatomy 3 (Heart, lungs, kidneys and main blood vessels back) Color diagram (World Book)
21 Anatomy 4 (Heart, lungs, kidneys and main blood vessels front) Color diagram (World Book)
22 Anatomy 5 (Internal organs back) Color diagram (World Book)
23 Anatomy 6 (Internal organs front) Color diagram (World Book)
24 Anatomy 7 (Ribcage) Color diagram (World Book)
25 Anatomy 8 (Muscles front) Color diagram (World Book) Size
26 Human sex organs Black-and-white diagram (Sinauer Associates, Inc.) Size
27 Diagram of conception Black-and-white diagram Size, time
28 Conception Color image (Albert Bonniers; Forlag, Stockholm)
29 Fertilized ovum Black-and-white image (Albert Bonniers; Forlag, Stockholm) Time
30 Fetus diagram Black-and-white diagram Size, time
31 Fetus Color image (Dr. Frank Allan)
32 Diagram of male and female Black-and-white diagram Size, time
33 Birth Black-and-white image (Wayne Miller)
34 Nursing mother (Malaysia) Color image [7]
35 Father and daughter (Malaysia) Color image (David Harvey)
36 Group of children Color image (Ruby Mera, UNICEF)
37 Diagram of family ages Black-and-white diagram Mass, time
38 Family portrait Black-and-white image (by Nina Leen)
39 Diagram of continental drift (derived from LAGEOS plaque) Black-and-white diagram Time
40 Structure of the Earth Black-and-white diagram Size, chemical composition
41 Heron Island (Great Barrier Reef of Australia) Color image
42 Seashore (Cape Neddick, Maine) Color image (Dick Smith) [7]
43 Snake River and Grand Tetons Black-and-white image (Ansel Adams)
44 Sand dunes Color image (George Mobley)
45 Monument Valley Color image (Shostal Associates, Inc.)
46 Forest scene with mushrooms Color image (Bruce Dale)
47 Leaf (Fragaria) Color image (Arthur Herrick) [7] Size
48 Autumn Fallen leaves Color image (Jodi Cobb)
49 Snowflakes over Sequoia Color image (Josef Muench, R. Sisson)
50 Tree with daffodils Color image (Gardens Winterthur, Winterthur Museum) Size
51 Flying insect with flowers (Ichneumonidae) Color image (Borne on the Wind, Stephen Dalton) [7] Size, mass
52 Diagram of vertebrate evolution Black-and-white diagram
53 Seashell (Xancidae) Color image (Harry N. Abrams, Inc.) [7]
54 Dolphins Color image (Thomas Nebbia)
55 School of fish Color image (David Doubilet)
56 Tree toad Color image (Dave Wickstrom)
57 Crocodile Color image (Peter Beard)
58 Eagle Color image (Donona, Taplinger Publishing Co) Size
59 Waterhole Color image (South African Tourist Corp.)
60 Jane Goodall and chimps Color image (Vanne Morris-Goodall)
61 Sketch of bushmen Black-and-white diagram Size
62 Bushmen hunters Black-and-white image (R. Farbman)
63 Man from Guatemala Color image
64 Dancer from Bali Color image (Donna Grosvenor)
65 Andean girls Color image (Joseph Scherschel)
66 Thailand master craftsman Color image (Dean Conger)
67 Elephant Color image (Peter Kunstadter)
68 Old man with beard and glasses (Turkey) Color image (Jonathon Blair)
69 Old man with dog and flowers Color image (Bruce Baumann)
70 Mountain climber Color image [7] (Gaston Rébuffat)
71 Gymnast (Cathy Rigby) Color image (Philip Leonian, Sports Illustrated)[23] Time
72 Sprinters "Valeriy Borzov of the U.S.S.R. in lead" Color image [23]
73 Schoolroom (Japan)[7] Color image
74 Children with globe (United Nations International School)[23] Color image
75 Cotton harvest Color image (Howell Walker) Size
76 Grape picker Color image (David Moore)
77 Supermarket[23] Color image (Jon Lomberg)
78 Underwater scene with diver and fish Color image (Jerry Greenberg) Chemical composition
79 Fishing boat with nets (Greece) Color image
80 Cooking fish Color image
81 Chinese dinner party Color image
82 Demonstration of licking, eating and drinking Color image
83 Great Wall of China Color image
84 House construction (Cameroon) Color image
85 Construction scene (Amish country) Color image
86 House (Ethiopia) Color image
87 House (New England) Color image
88 Modern house (Cloudcroft, New Mexico) Color image
89 "House interior with artist and fire" Color image (Photo by Jim Amos of Jim Gray & his wife)[24]
90 Taj Mahal Color image (David Carroll)
91 English city (Oxford) Color image (C.S. Lewis, Images of His World, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.)
92 Boston Color image (Ted Spiegel)
93 UN Building Day Color image
94 UN Building Night Color image
95 Sydney Opera House Color image Size
96 Artisan with drill Black-and-white image (Frank Hewlett)
97 Factory interior Color image (Fred Ward)
98 Museum Color image (David Cupp)
99 X-ray of hand Color image
100 Woman with microscope (Somalia) Color image
101 Street scene (Pakistan) Color image
102 Rush hour traffic (Thailand)[25] Color image
103 Modern highway (Ithaca, New York) Color image
104 Golden Gate Bridge Black-and-white image (Ansel Adams) Size
105 Train (United Aircraft Corporation Turbotrain) Color image (Gordon Gahan) Size
106 Airplane in flight Color image
107 Airport (Toronto) Black-and-white image (George Hunter)
108 Antarctic expedition (Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition) Color image (Great Adventures with the National Geographic, National Geographic)
109 Radio telescope (Westerbork) Black-and-white image (James Blair)
110 Radio telescope (Arecibo) Color image Size
111 Page of book (Newton, On the System of the World) Color image
112 Astronaut in space Color image
113 Titan Centaur launch Color image
114 Sunset with birds Color image (David Harvey)
115 String Quartet (Quartetto Italiano) Color image (Phillips Recordings)
116 Violin with music score (Cavatina) Color image

See also

[edit]

Notes and references

[edit]

Notes

  1. ^ Somewhat loose translation; per NASA.

References

  1. ^ Sagan, Carl (1994). Pale Blue Dot: A Vision of the Human Future in Space (1st ed.). New York: Random House. ISBN 9780679438410.
  2. ^ "Traveller's Tales [Carl Sagan Tribute Series, S01E16]". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2012-06-29. Retrieved February 10, 2012.
  3. ^ a b Lafrance, Adrienne (30 June 2017). "Solving the Mystery of Whose Laughter Is On the Golden Record". The Atlantic. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
  4. ^ "Greetings to the Universe in 55 Different Languages". NASA. Retrieved September 6, 2006.
  5. ^ Wiener-Bronner, Danielle (2015-08-06). "The Story Behind 'Greetings to the Universe,' the 55 Recordings of 'hello' Sent Into Space". Fusion. Archived from the original on 2015-09-21. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  6. ^ "Voyager: Greetings in 55 languages". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Sagan, Carl et al. (1978) Murmurs of Earth: The Voyager Interstellar Record. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-41047-5 (hardcover), ISBN 0-345-28396-1 (paperback)
  8. ^ "Voyager – Spacecraft – Golden Record – Sounds of Earth". NASA. Retrieved August 17, 2008.
  9. ^ Gambino, Megan (April 23, 2012). "What Is on Voyager's Golden Record?". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on 27 August 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  10. ^ Sagan, Carl (1997). Billions and Billions: Thoughts on Life and Death at the Brink of the Millennium. Random House. ISBN 0-679-41160-7.
  11. ^ Abumrad, Jad; Krulwich, Robert (February 12, 2010). "Carl Sagan And Ann Druyan's Ultimate Mix Tape". NPR. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
  12. ^ Morrison, David; Samz, Jane (1980). Voyage to Jupiter (PDF). Washington, D.C.: NASA Scientific and Technical Information. p. 29. LCCN 80-600126.
  13. ^ a b Ferris, Timothy (20 August 2017). "How the Voyager Golden Record Was Made". The New Yorker. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
  14. ^ "The Voyager Golden Record: Audio Tracklist". ozmarecords. Ozma Records. Retrieved 2017-08-09.
  15. ^ Linich, Carl (19 March 2008). "Ilia Zakaidze". Georgian Folk Singing. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
  16. ^ "Voyager 1977 - Georgian folk song "Chakrulo" in space - "ჩაკრულო" კოსმოსში". Youtube (interview with Anzor Erkomaishvili and others) (in Georgian). Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
  17. ^ "Images on the Golden Record". NASA. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  18. ^ "Famous Couple". Jon Lomberg. Archived from the original on 2011-11-14. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
  19. ^ Jon Lomberg: "Pictures of Earth". in Carl Sagan: Murmurs of Earth, 1978, New York, ISBN 0-679-74444-4
  20. ^ "Howdy, Strangers". NASA. Retrieved November 10, 2018.
  21. ^ "Voyager Spacecraft Statement by the President". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved November 10, 2018.
  22. ^ "Images on the Golden Record". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  23. ^ a b c d "From Munich terror attack to Voyager space mission: How an Olympic image achieved immortality". CNN. Archived from the original on 2020-09-04. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
  24. ^ "Great Smokies National Park: Solitude for Millions". National Geographic Society.[dead link‍]
  25. ^ "Voyager – Images on the Golden Record". NASA.
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