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Fahrettin Altay

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For the commander of the Ottoman Hejaz Expeditionary Force, also known as Fahreddin Pasha, see Fakhri Pasha.

Fahrettin Altay
1315-P. 1[1]
Born(1880-01-20)20 January 1880
Shkodër, Scutari Vilayet, Ottoman Empire (now Albania)
Died25 October 1974(1974-10-25) (aged 94)
Istanbul, Turkey
Buried
Turkish State Cemetery
Allegiance Ottoman Empire (1902–1920)
 Turkey (1920–1945)
Service / branch Ottoman Army
 Turkish Land Forces
Years of service1902–1945
RankOrgeneral
CommandsChief of Staff of the III Corps, Deputy undersecretary of the Ministry of War, 6th Division, 26th Division, XV Corps (deputy), 26th Division, XII Corps, III Corps
XII Corps, V Cavalry Group, V Cavalry Corps, First Army (deputy), V Corps, Second Army, First Army, member of the Supreme Military Council
Battles / warsBalkan Wars
World War I
Turkish War of Independence
Turkish capture of Smyrna
Other workMember of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM) from Mersin

Fahrettin Altay (12 January 1880 – 25 October 1974) was a Turkish military officer. His surname "Altay" (English: Red horse/colt) was given to him by Atatürk. The Turkish tank Altay is named in honor of him.[2]

Biography

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Fahrettin Altay was born to Lieutenant Colonel İsmail Bey, son of Hacı Ahmet Efendi from İzmir and Hayriye Hanım, the daughter of Lieutenant Colonel İbrahim Bey in Shkodër in Scutari Vilayet (now Albania). His father rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel from being a captain at his arrival, by gaining fame in the wars he fought against Malësors and Montenegrins in the Shkodër region. He traces his roots to İzmir and states that his great-grandfather was Ömer Ağa the son of the "Urlalı" and states that his parents were married in Monastir. He married with Münime Hanım, the daughter of Tahir Paşa from the Bibezik family of Podgorica in 1912 in Istanbul. They were married for 62 years and had two children and two grandchildren. He graduated from the Ottoman Military College in Istanbul.[3]

When World War I started, he was the 3rd Corps Chief of Staff. He met future President of Turkey Mustafa Kemal while serving on the Dardanelles Front. In 1915, he was appointed Deputy Undersecretary of the Ministry of War and was promoted to the rank of Miralay in the same year. Shortly after serving in the Romanian Front, he was sent as commander of the Palestinian Front. After the defeat in Palestine, the 12th Corps headquarters was moved to the city of Konya where he served as 12th Corps commander to the end of the war.

During the Turkish War of Independence, Altay served as commander of the V. Cavalry Corps. Perhaps his most famous exploit during his leadership of the V. Cavalry Corps was the famous Battle of Dumlupınar, where the V. Cavalry Corps passed behind the Greek lines at the beginning of the battle. His cavalry cut Greek supply and communication. They raised havoc among the retreating Greek troops and also captured General Nikolaos Trikoupis, CO of Greek forces in Anatolia. In the Great Smyrna Offensive, V Cavalry Corps was one of the offensive vanguards of the Turkish Army.

According to Altay Spor Tarihi ("The History of Altay Sports Club"), in 1966 when Fahrettin Altay visited the Altay Sports Club at İzmir, he explained to Erdoğan Tözge how his surname was given. According to Erdoğan Tözge, he presented a gold fountain pen to Fahrettin Altay and asked him how he chose Altay as his surname. Fahrettin Altay replied, When we visited Izmir with Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pasha during the years of armistice, the Altay club played football against a mixed team consisting of Royal Navy personnel. We watched the game together. Altay club played very well and when they won against the British, Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pasha was affected, honored, and expressed his appreciation. After a long time had passed and Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pasha sent me to Tabriz to settle a border dispute with Iran. During my staying at Tabriz, the Surname Law was adopted in the Grand National Assembly, and the Assembly gave the name Atatürk to Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pasha unanimously. All the country congratulated him because of his new surname. I also sent a telegraph and celebrated.[4] Atatürk's response that he received the next day, was:[5]

Dear Fahrettin Altay Pasha, I also congratulate you and wish you honorable and glorious days as Altay.

— Turkish original, Sayın Fahrettin Altay Paşa, Ben de seni tebrik eder Altay gibi şanlı şerefli günler dilerim.

Afterwards, Fahrettin said, "My eyes were full when I received the telegram. Atatürk deemed me worthy of surname Altay for the memory of the football match of Altay that we had watched together and he had been affected."[4]

In 1933-35 Altay was chosen by Afghanistan and Iran to demarcate the middle section of their common boundary.

He retired from the army in 1945. Between 1946 and 1950 he served as a deputy for the CHP from Burdur. After 1946 he retired from political life.[6] In the early 1950s he was one of the contributors of the history magazine Tarih Dünyası.[7] He died in Istanbul in 1974.[6][8]

General Fahrettin Altay and his 1-year-old grandson, Baskın Sokulluoglu in Ankara-Bahçelievler in 1938.

See also

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Sources

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  1. ^ T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları, Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri, Genkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, Ankara, 1972, p. 102. (in Turkish)
  2. ^ "Milli tank 'altay' için yola çıkıldı – Ekonomi Haberleri". Radikal. 30 July 2008. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
  3. ^ Altay, Fahrettin (1970). Görüb Geçirdiklerim-10 yıl savaş 1912-1922 ve, sonrası [What I have seen and been through The Ten Years War (1912-1922) and After] (in Turkish). Istanbul: İnsel Yayınları. pp. 7–8. Rahmetli Babam Piyade Albayı İzmirli İsmail Bey olduğundan resmi kaydım İzmirlidir. Dedem Hacı Ahmet Efendi, O nun Babası Urlalıoğlu Ömer Ağa olduğuna göre de ecdadımızın İzmir in Urla ilçesinden geldiği anlaşılıyor. İzmirde orta tahsilini bitiren Babam, Bursa Askeri Lisesinde ve İstanbulda Harbiye de okuduktan sonra 1869 yılında piyade teğmeni olmuştur. Bir müddet İstanbulda kalmış, Harbiye Nazırı nın yaverliğini yapmıştır. Yüzbaşılığı sırasında İşkodra ya gönderilmiş ve Manastır da Emekli Yarbay İbrahim Bey in kızı Hayriye Hanımla evlenmiştir. İşkodra bölgesinde Malisörlerle, Karadağlılarla yaptığı savaşlarda şöhret kazanmış yarbaylığa kadar yükselmiştir.[...]İstanbul da eski Van Valisi Podgoriçalı Bibezik ailesinden Tahir Paşa'nın (Belbez) kızı MÜNİME hanım ile 1912 evlendim, 58 yıldır arkadaşız. Bu evlilikte kızım Hayrünisa ile oğlum Tarık dünyaya geldiler. Kızımdan iki torunum vardır: Baskın ile Hasan. Baskın torunumun çocukları : Nazlı ve Ahmed, bunları gördüğüm için Allah'a şükürler ederim.[unreliable source?]
  4. ^ a b Ç. Esen Kaftan, Aydın Sevgel, Günay Şimşek, Mehmet Ali Hesertürk, Altay Spor Tarihi, Altay Spor Kulübü, c. 1975. (in Turkish) [page needed]
  5. ^ Atatürk'ün Bütün Eserleri, Cilt 27, Kaynak Yayınları, 1998, ISBN 978-975-343-235-1, [1] p. 81.
  6. ^ a b International Boundary Study No. 6 – Afghanistan-Iran Boundary (PDF), 20 June 1961, archived from the original (PDF) on 16 November 2017, retrieved 16 September 2018
  7. ^ "Hususi Tarih Mecmuaları" (in Turkish). Babacan Tarih Dergileri Kütüphanesi. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  8. ^ Encyclopædia Iranica – Boundaries of Afghanistan, retrieved 16 September 2018
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Media related to Fahrettin Altay at Wikimedia Commons

Military offices
Preceded by Inspector of the Second Army
31 October 1924 – 21 November 1933 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Inspector of the First Army
22 November 1933 – 19 December 1943 		Succeeded by
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