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Prince Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1792–1862)

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Not to be confused with Bernard of Saxe-Weimar.
Prince Bernhard
Born(1792-05-30)30 May 1792
Weimar
Died31 July 1862(1862-07-31) (aged 70)
Schloss Belvedere, Weimar
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1816; died 1852)​
Issue
Names
Charles Bernhard
HouseSaxe-Weimar-Eisenach
FatherCharles Augustus, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
MotherPrincess Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt

Prince Carl Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (30 May 1792 – 31 July 1862)[1] was a distinguished soldier, who, in 1815, after the congress of Vienna, became colonel of a regiment in the service of the king of the Netherlands.[2] He fought at the Battle of Quatre Bras and the Battle of Waterloo where he commanded the 2nd Brigade of the 2nd Dutch Division, and later became a Chief Commander of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army.

Early life

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Prince Bernhard, the seventh child of Charles Augustus, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, was born on 30 May 1792 in Weimar.[1] He enlisted in the Prussian army and in 1806 he fought in the army of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen. By 1809 he had enlisted in the Saxon army and he fought under Marshal Bernadotte at Wagram.

Waterloo campaign

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Prince Bernhard's 2nd Brigade of the 2nd Dutch Division (Sedlnitsky) was the first of the Duke of Wellington's forces to arrive at the cross roads of Quatre Bras. Prince Bernhard's brigade (joined later by the 1st Brigade,) held the cross roads at Quatre Bras for almost 24 hours from the late afternoon of 15 June 1815, until about 3 p.m. on the 16 June, preventing Marshal Michel Ney with the left wing of the French L'Armée du Nord from taking the cross roads before the Duke of Wellington and substantial allied forces arrived to reinforce the 2nd Division and fight the Battle of Quatre Bras. The successful holding action by the two brigades of the Dutch 2nd Division was one of the most important actions by any of the coalition brigades in the whole of the Waterloo Campaign.

At the Battle of Waterloo Prince Bernhard commanded the allied forces holding the farms of Papelotte, Frischermont and La Haie on the extreme left of the Duke of Wellington's line of battle.[3] They were strategically important, not just because if the forces holding these positions gave way then the French could out flank Wellington, but because it was from that direction that Wellington expected and received Prussian support. Though in the course of the battle Durutte's 4th French Division obtained a temporary foothold in Papelotte, it was never captured[4]

Commander of the Dutch East Indies Army

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Bernhard was appointed commander of the Dutch East Indies Army on December 6, 1848, and arrived on April 14, 1849, in Java. Barely a few weeks after his arrival, the commander of the third Balinese expedition, General Andreas Victor Michiels was killed at Kasumba; and Saxe-Weimar offered to the Governor-General to take over the leadership of the expedition, acting according to the rules that had been given to General Michiels. In the winter of 1849 he was promoted to general of the infantry and three years later (1852) he returned to the Netherlands, for his health, after many improvements and having accomplished to restore the East Indies army. He received on October 5, 1853, an honorable retirement.

Later life and family

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Prince Bernhard traveled extensively in the United States in 1825–26. A heavily edited account of his travels, Reise seiner Hoheit des Herzogs Bernhard zu Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach durch Nord-Amerika, was published by the historian Heinrich Luden in 1828. The work was translated into English and published in Philadelphia, also in 1828, as Travels through North America, during the Years 1825 and 1826. A critical edition of the original manuscript became available in 2017.

Karel Bernhard van Saksen-Weimar-Eisenach Memorial in The Hague

In the years after Waterloo, Bernhard distinguished himself as commander of a Dutch Division in the Belgian campaign of 1831 (the Ten Days Campaign), and from 1847 to 1850 held the command of the forces in the Dutch East Indies.[2] He died 21 July 1862 in Liebenstein.[1]

He married Princess Ida of Saxe-Meiningen, daughter of Georg I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, on 30 May 1816 in Meiningen.[1] Prince Bernhard's son, William Augustus Edward, known as Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar (1823–1902), entered the British army, served with much distinction in the Crimean War, became colonel of the 1st Life Guards, and later a British Field Marshal.[2]

His daughter Amalia married Prince Henry of the Netherlands.

His granddaughter Pauline of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (through his son Prince Hermann) married Charles Augustus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.

His residence in Batavia (now Jakarta) was later used for sessions of the Volksraad quasi-legislature of the Dutch East Indies and the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK). Now owned by the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, it is preserved as the Pancasila Building.[5]

Honours

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He received the following orders and decorations:[6]

Ancestry

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References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prince Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.
  1. ^ a b c d Jens Verner Nielsen. "Descendants of Hans den Yngre af Sønderborg Ninth Generation". Retrieved 2009-09-18.
  2. ^ a b c Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Charles Augustus" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 940.
  3. ^ The Battle of Waterloo Archived 2001-08-03 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ N. Gash. "Wellington and the Waterloo campaign" (PDF).
  5. ^ Heuken, Adolf (2000). Historical Sites of Jakarta (6th ed.). Jakarta, Indonesia: Cipta Loka Caraka. pp. 205–209.
  6. ^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1859), "Genealogie" pp. 5-6
  7. ^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1859), "Großherzoglicher Hausorden" p. 10
  8. ^ Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen: 1845. Heinrich. 1845. pp. 4–5.
  9. ^ Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen: 1858. Heinrich. 1858. p. 11.
  10. ^ "Militaire Willems-Orde: Saxen-Weimar-Eisenach, Karl Bernhard Herzog von" [Military William Order: Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Charles Bernhard Duke of]. Ministerie van Defensie (in Dutch). 8 July 1815. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  11. ^ "Militaire Willems-Orde: Saxen-Weimar-Eisenach, Karl Bernhard Herzog von" [Military William Order: Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Charles Bernhard Duke of]. Ministerie van Defensie (in Dutch). 24 May 1815. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  12. ^ "Militaire Willems-Orde: Saxen-Weimar-Eisenach, Karl Bernhard Herzog von" [Military William Order: Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Charles Bernhard Duke of]. Ministerie van Defensie (in Dutch). 8 October 1842. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  13. ^ Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) The Knights of England, I, London, p. 186
  14. ^ Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha (1847), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 24
  15. ^ Württemberg (1858). Königlich-Württembergisches Hof- und Staats-Handbuch: 1858. Guttenberg. p. 31.
  16. ^ Hessen-Darmstadt (1860). Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Hessen: für das Jahr ... 1860. Staatsverl. p. 8.
  17. ^ Liste der Ritter des Königlich Preußischen Hohen Ordens vom Schwarzen Adler (1851), "Von Seiner Majestät dem Könige Friedrich Wilhelm IV. ernannte Ritter" p. 21
  18. ^ M. & B. Wattel (2009). Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers. Paris: Archives & Culture. p. 523. ISBN 978-2-35077-135-9.
  19. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1858), "Großherzogliche Orden" pp. 33, 47
  20. ^ Staats- und Adreß-Handbuch des Herzogthums Nassau (1862), "Herzogliche Orden" p. 8

Further reading

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