Chatham Township, New Jersey

Formation

Chatham Township was incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 12, 1806, from portions of Hanover Township and Morris Township.^[27][28] At the time Chatham Township was created, it included the communities of Chatham, Green Village and Bottle Hill (Madison), together with the extensive rural areas surrounding these communities, with each community retaining its own distinct existence and identity. Before the close of that century however, the township would lose all except one of the settlements under its jurisdiction, as they seceded from the township and established their own municipal governments.

The community known as Bottle Hill was established in the early eighteenth century in Morris Township when the area was within the English Province of New Jersey. Bottle Hill changed its name to Madison in 1834 to honor President James Madison.^[29] On December 27, 1889, Madison was incorporated as an independent borough and its former village boundaries were expanded between 1891 - 1899 with annexed portions of rural lands that had formerly been within the township.^[27]

The settlement of Chatham had been established in 1710 as John Day's Bridge and, in 1773 when New Jersey was an English province, adopted the name of Chatham to honor William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, a British supporter of the colonial cause.^[30][31][32] This village also had been within Morris Township and it was an active community in the Revolutionary War. On August 19, 1892, Chatham seceded from the new township that had taken its name and adopted the village form of government established in the United States for the new state of New Jersey. Shortly thereafter, Chatham adopted the borough form of government on March 1, 1897.^[27]

Florham Park was formed from portions of the township on March 20, 1899.^[27][33]

Most of Green Village has always been within the township's jurisdiction.

In 1773, the village John Day's Bridge, a community governed by the English township of Morris since its settlement in 1710, was renamed as, Chatham, in honor of Sir William Pitt, a British prime minister and the first Earl of Chatham, who was most favorable toward the colonists of the Province of New Jersey in issues with the British government.^[30] Participation in the Revolutionary War was significant by the residents of Chatham. Nearby Morristown was the military center of the revolution, where the winter headquarters were established twice, and revolutionary troops were active in the entire area regularly.

The township form of government is the oldest form of municipal government in the state of New Jersey following the revolution. That form of local government dates back to New Jersey's Township Act of 1798. Chatham Township was formed on February 12, 1806, with jurisdiction over the area of present-day Chatham Borough several communities and settlements, including some that had been part of Hanover and Morris Townships.^[27] A great deal of open, swampy, and mountainous land was included with the hamlets.

For a while, the new township included what are now Madison, Chatham Borough and Florham Park, as well as all of Green Village and all of the lands still governed by Chatham Township, but over time these settlements began to secede because of contention over insufficient funding of their projects. Disposition of funds from taxes was perceived as inequitable to the settled areas given their needs versus that of the rural areas, causing them to form their own taxation and governance systems.^[34]

Of the pre-revolutionary settlements included in its jurisdiction when it was formed, only portions of Green Village have remained governed by Chatham Township, which has never had a community center.

On December 27, 1889, based on the results of a referendum passed three days earlier, the village of Madison seceded from Chatham Township and adopted the borough form of government in order to develop a local water supply system for its population of 3,250. Madison annexed additional portions of Chatham Township in 1891, and annexed more each year from 1894 to 1898, followed finally, by an exchange of some lands in 1899 with Chatham Township.^[27]

In the midst of these changes, in 1892 "...Chatham Village found itself at odds with the rest of the township. Although village residents paid 40 percent of the township taxes, they got only 7 percent of the receipts in services. The village had to raise its own money to install kerosene street lamps and its roads were in poor repair. As a result, the village voted on August 9, 1892, to secede from the township."^[30]

The municipality that is now Florham Park was originally part of Hanover Township, before being included in the township formed in 1806 as Chatham Township. When it seceded from Chatham Township, it incorporated as a borough as Florham Park on March 20, 1899.^[27][33]

The boundaries of Chatham Township have remained unchanged since 1899.

Post-World War II suburban development ensued in the 1950s when farm lands, greenhouses, and flower nurseries began to be sold off.^[34] Families moved out to this rural suburban area as ownership of automobiles increased dramatically.

The township experienced even more extensive residential development, starting with the 1960s and 1970s, when rezoning enabled residential development of the open spaces and several farms and woodlands were sold off to developers.^[35] For several generations, the largest, the Schwartz Farm had produced dairy products that were sold in local stores and schools and that were delivered to homes on scheduled routes. Former rose farms became two major shopping centers near the corner of Shunpike Road and Southern Boulevard. The corner was known as Hickory Tree, named for a hickory tree planted during President Madison's term.^[34][35]

Heyl Roses in Green Village was the last and oldest commercial rose and cut flower grower in New Jersey, until its closure in 1999.^[36]

After successfully crossing the Delaware River and subsequent battles in Trenton and Princeton, General Washington marched to Morristown and established his headquarters in Arnold's Tavern on the Morristown Green for the Continental Army’s first winter encampment. Most of the army was sent a few miles southeast to the Lowantica Valley (modern spelling Loantaka) in Chatham Township, at a site located north of Loantaka Brook, East of Tredwell Avenue and West of Giralda Farms. In 2016, the Morris County Park Commission and the Chatham Township Historical Society began working together to reclaim the area and create trails and apply for grants for informational signage.^[37][38]

Weather

Chatham Township has a humid subtropical climate and is slightly more variant (lows are colder, highs are warmer) than its neighbor 20 miles (32 km) east: New York City.

2020 census

2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 10,452 people, 3,915 households, and 2,721 families in the township. The population density was 1,164.2 per square mile (449.5/km²). There were 4,128 housing units at an average density of 459.8 per square mile (177.5/km²). The racial makeup was 90.84% (9,495) White, 0.75% (78) Black or African American, 0.08% (8) Native American, 6.36% (665) Asian, 0.01% (1) Pacific Islander, 0.38% (40) from other races, and 1.58% (165) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.34% (349) of the population.^[19]

Of the 3,915 households, 37.5% had children under the age of 18; 63.2% were married couples living together; 4.8% had a female householder with no husband present and 30.5% were non-families. Of all households, 27.1% were made up of individuals and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.29.^[19]

28.9% of the population were under the age of 18, 4.1% from 18 to 24, 20.1% from 25 to 44, 31.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.3 years. For every 100 females, the population had 89.1 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 85.5 males.^[19]

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $127,679 (with a margin of error of +/− $9,764) and the median family income was $182,216 (+/− $30,473). Males had a median income of $144,400 (+/− $29,559) versus $61,912 (+/− $8,237) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $78,905 (+/− $6,319). About 1.2% of families and 3.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.1% of those under age 18 and 1.5% of those age 65 or over.^[59]

Based on data from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey, Chatham Township had a per capita income of $78,905 (ranked 14th in the state), compared to per capita income in Morris County of $47,342 and statewide of $34,858.^[60]

2000 census

As of the 2000 United States census^[16] there were 10,086 people, 3,920 households, and 2,771 families residing in Chatham Township. The population density was 1,081.0 inhabitants per square mile (417.4/km²). There were 4,019 housing units at an average density of 430.8 per square mile (166.3/km²). The racial makeup was 93.71% White, 0.45% African American, 0.06% Native American, 4.81% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.15% from other races, and 0.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.95% of the population.^[54][55]

There were 3,920 households, out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.4% were married couples living together, 5.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.3% were non-families. 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.11.^[54][55]

The population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 3.7% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.6 males.^[54][55]

The median income for a household was $106,208, and the median income for a family was $131,609. Males had a median income of $100,000 versus $58,750 for females. The per capita income was $65,497. About 1.9% of families and 2.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.0% of those under age 18 and 2.9% of those age 65 or over.^[54][55]

Local government

Chatham Township is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state.^[61] The Township Committee is comprised of five members, who are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle.^[3][62] At an annual reorganization meeting, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as mayor. The ceremonial mayor serves as the chair of the township committee and has powers vested in the mayor's office by general law. The township committee is the legislative branch of the community's government and establishes policies for the administration of the various departments. The committee appoints the township administrator who is responsible for carrying out those policies and overseeing the day-to-day operations. Subcommittees of the township committee are public safety; public works; planning, engineering, and land use; parks and recreation; general administration; and finance. Two members of the township committee serve on each and provide oversight to the departments.^[4]

As of 2024^[update], members of the Chatham Township Committee are Mayor Stacy Ewald (D, term on committee ends December 31, 2025; term as mayor ends 2024), Deputy Mayor Michael Choi (D, term on committee ends 2025; term as deputy mayor ends 2024), Mark Lois (R, 2024), Marty McHugh (D, 2026) and Jen Rowland (D, 2026).^{[4][63][64][65][66][67][68]}

Federal, state, and county representation

Chatham Township is located in the 11th Congressional District^[69] and is part of New Jersey's 21st state legislative district.^[70]

For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 11th congressional district is represented by Mikie Sherrill (D, Montclair).^[71] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027) and Andy Kim (Moorestown, term ends 2031)^[72][73]

For the 2024-2025 session, the 21st legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Jon Bramnick (R, Westfield) and in the General Assembly by Michele Matsikoudis (R, New Providence) and Nancy Munoz (R, Summit).^[74]

Morris County is governed by a Board of County Commissioners composed of seven members who are elected at-large in partisan elections to three-year terms on a staggered basis, with either one or three seats up for election each year as part of the November general election.^[75] Actual day-to-day operation of departments is supervised by County Administrator Deena Leary.^[76]: 8 As of 2025^[update], Morris County's Commissioners are:

John Krickus (R, Chatham Township, 2027),^[77] Director Christine Myers (R, Harding, 2025),^[78] Douglas Cabana (R, Boonton Township, 2025),^[79] Thomas J. Mastrangelo (R, Montville, 2025),^[80] Deputy Director Stephen H. Shaw (R, Mountain Lakes, 2027),^[81] Deborah Smith (R, Denville, 2027)^[82] and Tayfun Selen (R, Chatham Township, 2026)^{[76]: 2 [83]}

The county's constitutional officers are: Clerk Ann F. Grossi (R, Parsippany–Troy Hills, 2028),^[84][85] Sheriff James M. Gannon (R, Boonton Township, 2025)^[86][87] and Surrogate Heather Darling (R, Roxbury, 2029).^[88][89]

Politics

As of May 2016, there were a total of 7,925 registered voters in Chatham Township, of which 1,528 (19.28%) were registered as Democrats, 3,266 (38.4%) were registered as Republicans and 3,131 (39.5%) were registered as either Unaffiliated or as Libertarians or Greens.^[90]

In the 2016 presidential election, Democrat Hillary Clinton received 50.29% of the vote (3,057 cast), ahead of Republican Donald Trump with 44.35% (2,696 votes), and other candidates with 5.3% 326 votes, including 119 write-in votes, among the 6,169 ballots cast by the township's 8,282 registered voters, for a turnout of 74.4%^[91][92]

In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 61.7% of the vote (3,393 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 37.6% (2,064 votes), and other candidates with 0.7% (39 votes), among the 5,521 ballots cast by the township's 7,810 registered voters (25 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 70.7%.^[93][94] In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 53.8% of the vote (3,259 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 44.6% (2,699 votes) and other candidates with 1.0% (59 votes), among the 6,053 ballots cast by the township's 7,639 registered voters, for a turnout of 79.2%.^[95] In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 59.3% of the vote (3,499 ballots cast), outpolling Democrat John Kerry with 39.5% (2,334 votes) and other candidates with 0.6% (48 votes), among the 5,905 ballots cast by the township's 7,614 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 77.6.^[96]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 75.3% of the vote (2,594 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 23.6% (814 votes), and other candidates with 1.1% (39 votes), among the 3,499 ballots cast by the township's 7,748 registered voters (52 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 45.2%.^[97][98] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 60.7% of the vote (2,583 ballots cast), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 29.1% (1,236 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 9.5% (405 votes) and other candidates with 0.3% (13 votes), among the 4,252 ballots cast by the township's 7,407 registered voters, yielding a 57.4% turnout.^[99]

Shared services

Chatham Township shares various joint public services with Chatham Borough: the recreation program, the library (since 1974), the school district (created in 1986), the municipal court, and medical emergency squad (since 1936).

Together with Chatham Borough, Harding Township, Madison and Morris Township, Chatham Township is a member of a joint municipal court, which was created in 2010 and is located in Madison.^{[100][101][102]}

Public schools

The School District of the Chathams is a regional public school district serving students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Chatham Borough, New Jersey and Chatham Township.^[103] Chatham Borough and Chatham Township held elections in November 1986 to consider joining their (at the time separate) school districts. This proposal was supported by the voters of both communities and since then, the two municipalities have shared a regionalized school district.^[104][105]

As of the 2020–21 school year, the district, comprised of six schools, had an enrollment of 3,930 students and 342.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.5:1.^[106] Schools in the district (with 2020–21 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics^[107]) are Milton Avenue School^[108] with 284 students in grades Pre-K–3, Southern Boulevard School^[109] with 414 students in grades K–3, Washington Avenue School^[110] with 314 students in grades K–3, Lafayette School^[111] with 592 students in grades 4–5, Chatham Middle School^[112] with 984 students in grades 6–8 and Chatham High School^[113] with 1,315 students in grades 9–12.^[114][115] The district's board of education is comprised of nine members who set policy and oversee the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration; the seats on the board are allocated to the constituent municipalities based on population, with Chatham Township assigned five seats.^[116]

For the 2004–2005 school year, Chatham High School was recognized with the National Blue Ribbon School Award of Excellence by the United States Department of Education,^[117] the highest award an American school can receive. Milton Avenue School was one of 11 in the state to be recognized in 2014 by the United States Department of Education's National Blue Ribbon Schools Program.^[118][119] The district's high school was the 1st-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 339 schools statewide in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2014 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools", using a new ranking methodology.^[120] The school had been ranked 20th in the state of 328 schools in 2012, after being ranked 8th in 2010 out of 322 schools listed.^[121]

Private school

Chatham Day School is a private coeducational day school located in Chatham Township, serving students in preschool through eighth grade. The school has a total enrollment of 115 students. Founded in 1998, the school changed its name from The Darcy School after finding a permanent campus in Chatham Township in 2005.^[122]

Roads and highways

As of May 2010^[update], the township had a total of 48.14 miles (77.47 km) of roadways, of which 37.14 miles (59.77 km) were maintained by the municipality and 11.00 miles (17.70 km) by Morris County.^[123]

No Interstate, U.S. or state highways cross Chatham Township. The only significant roads are minor county routes such as County Route 646 and County Route 647. However, Interstate 78 and Interstate 287 are both located in adjacent municipalities.

Public transportation

NJ Transit stops at the Chatham station^[124] to provide commuter service on the Morristown Line, with trains heading to the Hoboken Terminal and to Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan.^[125] It is a short drive from most of the township to the stations in Madison^[126] and Chatham, while the southern part of the township is closer to the Murray Hill station^[127] on the Gladstone Branch.^[128][129]

NJ Transit local bus service had been provided on the MCM8 route.^{[130][131][132]}