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The following list enumerates Hindu monarchies in chronological order of establishment dates. These monarchies were widespread in South Asia since about 1500 BC,[1] went into slow decline in the medieval times, with most gone by the end of the 17th century, although the last one, the Kingdom of Nepal, dissolved only in the 2008.[2]
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Early Indian history does not have an equivalent of chronicles (like the ones established in the West by Herodotus in the 5th century BC or Kojiki / Nihongi in Japan): "with the single exception of Rajatarangini (History of Kashmir), there is no historical text in Sanskrit dealing with the whole or even parts of India" (R. C. Majumdar).[3] While there are texts in Sanskrit, the Puranas, that profess to include the early Indian history, they were actually compiled by brahmins in the 1st millennium AD, and can be considered as contemporary with the described facts only from the time of Guptas (3rd century AD). These texts are considered legendary,[4] corresponding kingdoms are listed separately in the Puranic kings section.
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Note: Kingdoms that acted as princely states to the British Empire are not mentioned except for the time period when they exercised sovereign control.
Five Puranas (Vayu, Matsya, Brahmanda, Vishnu, Bhagavata) contain dynastic Puranic lists.[7] Approach of researchers to these lists varies from outright skepticism, especially prevalent in the 19th century ("extravagant romances, ... works of imagination",[8] "particular year is never mentioned"[9]) to cautious partial acceptance along the lines traced by F. E. Pargiter: "false genealogies ... imitate genuine genealogies", accepting limitations does not require to declare the absence of "any trust whatever".[10] Ludo Rocher in his book "The Puranas" (1986) provides a long list of chronological calculations based on Puranic lists with a warning that they are "often highly imaginative".[11]
| Kingdom | Capital(s) | Language(s) | Today part of |
|---|---|---|---|
| Puru kingdom | Vedic Sanskrit |  India | |
| Yadu kingdom | Vedic Sanskrit | India | |
| Anu kingdom | Vedic Sanskrit | India | |
| Iksvakus kingdom | Vedic Sanskrit | India | |
| Heheya Kingdom | Mahishmati | Vedic Sanskrit | India |
- Bhagavad Gita
- Hindu cosmology
- History of India
- History of Hinduism
- Vedas & Vedic Literature
- Yuga & Hindu units of time
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- Solar dynasty & Lunar dynasty
- Kuru Kingdom & Gandhara Kingdom
- Puru and Yadu Dynasties
- Indus Valley Civilisation
- Janapadas & Mahajanapadas
- Middle kingdoms of India
- List of Indian monarchs
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- Muslim conquests of Afghanistan
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