From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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U+751F, 生
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-751F

[U+751E]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7520]
U+2F63, ⽣
KANGXI RADICAL LIFE

[U+2F62]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F64]

Translingual

More information Stroke order (Chinese) ...
Stroke order (Chinese)
5 strokes
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More information Stroke order (Chinese) ...
Stroke order
(Chinese)
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More information Stroke order (Japan) ...
Stroke order
(Japan)
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Han character

(Kangxi radical 100, +0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹手一 (HQM), four-corner 25100, composition 𠂉)

  1. Kangxi radical #100, .
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №215

Derived characters

See also

Further reading

Chinese

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 生, Shang ...
Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
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More information Old Chinese ...
Old Chinese
*sʰlɯː
*sʰleːns
*sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ
*sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs
*sʰleːns
*sʰeːns
*sʰeːns
*sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs
*sreŋ
*sreŋ
*sreŋ
*sreŋ, *sleːŋ
*sreŋ
*sreŋ, *sreŋs
*sreŋ, *seːŋ
*sreŋ
*sreŋʔ
*sreŋs
*zreːŋ
*ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs
*ʔsleŋ
*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
*ʔsleŋ
*ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ
*ʔsleŋ
*ʔsleŋ
*ʔsleŋ
*sʰleŋ
*sʰleŋ
*sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ
*sʰleŋs
*zleŋs, *zleŋ
*zleŋs
*zleŋ
*zleŋ
*zleŋ
*zleŋʔ
*zleŋʔ
*seŋʔ, *seːŋs
*seŋʔ, *seːŋ
*sleŋs
*sleŋs
*l̥ʰeŋs
*ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ
*sʰleːŋ
*sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs
*sʰleːŋs
*sleːŋ
*sleːŋ
*sleːŋ
*sleːŋ
*seːŋ, *seːŋs
*seːŋ
*seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
*seːŋ
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Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): (bud) + (ground)sprouting from the ground. A conservative version is 𤯓, which is unrelated to ( > ) and 𡴀 > .

Etymology 1

More information simp. and trad., alternative forms ...
simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𤯓
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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green). Cognate with Burmese ရှင် (hrang, to live; alive), Mizo hring (to bear; to bring forth; to give birth to; green).

Schuessler (2007) proposes that Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sriŋ is derived from the root *sri (to exist) (whence possibly Chinese (OC *r̥ʰiːʔ, “body; shape; form”)) + * (terminative suffix).

Both level tone and falling tone readings are found in Middle Chinese, but the latter has since been lost and is merged into the level-tone reading in modern dialects.

Related to (OC *sʰleːŋ, “blue-green”), (OC *sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ, “dark blue; deep green”).

Derivatives: (OC *sleŋs, “nature; character; personality; quality”), (OC *sleŋs, “family name”).

Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese is *sraeng, but it comes from an earlier *srjaeng, as seen in Wang Renxu's edition of the Qieyun.

Pronunciation 1

More information Variety, Location ...
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʂəŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʂəŋ⁴/
Tianjin /səŋ²¹/
Jinan /ʂəŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /ʂəŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /səŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /səŋ²¹/
Xining /sə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /səŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʂə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /sɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /sən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /sən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /sen⁵⁵/
Kunming /sə̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /sən³¹/
Hefei /sən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /səŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /səŋ¹³/
/ʂʐ̩e̞¹³/
Hohhot /sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /səŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /sã⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /sen³³/
Wenzhou /siɛ³³/
Hui Shexian /sʌ̃³¹/
/sɛ³¹/
Tunxi /ɕiɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /sən³³/
Xiangtan /siẽ³³/
/sən³³/
Gan Nanchang /sɑŋ⁴²/
/sɛn⁴²/ ~意
Hakka Meixian /saŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /sɑŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐŋ⁵³/
/saŋ⁵³/
Nanning /saŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /sɐŋ⁵⁵/
/saŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /siŋ⁵⁵/
/sĩ⁵⁵/ ~死
/t͡sʰĩ⁵⁵/ ~肉
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /saŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /saiŋ⁵⁴/ 學~
/t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁴/ ~熟
Shantou (Teochew) /seŋ³³/
/sẽ³³/
/t͡sʰẽ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /seŋ²³/
/sɔŋ²³/
/tɛ²³/ ~活
/sɛ²³/ 不熟
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More information Rime, Character ...
Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (21) (21)
Final () (109) (109)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () II II
Fanqie
Baxter sraeng sraengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʃˠæŋ/ /ʃˠæŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʃᵚaŋ/ /ʃᵚaŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʃaŋ/ /ʃaŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʂaɨjŋ/ /ʂaɨjŋH/
Li
Rong
/ʃɐŋ/ /ʃɐŋH/
Wang
Li
/ʃɐŋ/ /ʃɐŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ʂɐŋ/ /ʂɐŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shēng shèng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sang1 sang3
Close
More information Character, Reading # ...
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shēng shēng shēng
Middle
Chinese
‹ sræng › ‹ sræng › ‹ srjæng ›
Old
Chinese
/*sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or *s.reŋ ?) /*sreŋ/ /*sreŋ/ (or *s.reŋ ?)
English bear, be born; live fresh, raw bear, be born; live

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
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More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 11312 11322
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sʰleːŋ/ /*sreŋs/
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Note:
  • saang1 - colloquial;
  • sang1 - literary.

  • Dialectal data

Definitions

  1. to live; to subsist; to exist
  2. to grow; to develop; to bud
    粒仔 [Hokkien]   siⁿ-lia̍p-á [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]   to develop running sores
  3. (transitive) to bear; to give birth; to bring up; to rear
    妻子雙胞胎女孩 [MSC, trad.]
    妻子双胞胎女孩 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā qīzǐ shēng le yī duì shuāngbāotāi nǚhái. [Pinyin]
    His wife gave birth to twin girls.
  4. to be born; to come into existence
    中國中国   shēng zài zhōngguó.   He was born in China.
  5. (dialectal) to lay (an egg)
    [Cantonese]   saang1 daan6-2 [Jyutping]   to lay eggs
  6. pupil; disciple; student
    作為全日制必須定期上課 [MSC, trad.]
    作为全日制必须定期上课 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ zuòwèi quánrìzhì shēng bìxū dìngqī shàngkè. [Pinyin]
    As a full-time student, you should attend classes on a regular basis.
  7. (historical) scholar; Confucian scholar
  8. (opera) actor or male character
  9. Short for 先生 (xiānshēng, “gentleman”).
    1. (Cantonese, honorific, suffix) Short for 先生 (xiānshēng, “Mr.”).
      [Cantonese]   can4 saang1 [Jyutping]   Mr. Chan
  10. having life; live
    規矩 [Cantonese, trad.]
    规矩 [Cantonese, simp.]
    kwai1 geoi2 hai6 sei2 ge3, jan4 hai6 saang1 ge3. [Jyutping]
    Rules are lifeless; humans are not.
    啱啱 [Cantonese, trad.]
    啱啱 [Cantonese, simp.]
    tiu4 jyu4-2 ngaam1 ngaam1 hai2 tiu4 ho4 dou6 diu3 soeng5 lai4, zung6 hai6 saang1 ge3. [Jyutping]
    The fish was just caught with a hook and line from the river. It is still alive.
  11. life; existence; being; living
       shāshēng   to destroy a life
  12. fresh; not stale
  13. unripe
  14. raw; uncooked
    Antonym: (shú)
    洋蔥洋葱   shēng yángcōng   raw onions
    覺得 [Cantonese, trad.]
    觉得 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 gok3 dak1 ni1 faai3 juk6 zung6 hai6 taai3 saang1. [Jyutping]
    I think this piece of meat is too raw.
  15. unprocessed; unrefined; crude
       shēngtiě   pig iron
  16. (historical ethnography) uncultured; uncultivated; wild; uncivilized; savage
       shēng   wild Li
  17. strange; unfamiliar; unacquainted
       shēngrén   stranger
  18. mechanically; forcedly
  19. very; quite; extremely
       shēng   to fear; to be afraid of
  20. vivid; strong; forceful
  21. innate; natural; born with
  22. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of (xìng, “intelligence; natural endowment”).
  23. living things; organism
  24. livelihood; subsistence
       móushēng   to make a living
  25. lifetime; all one's life
       láishēng   afterlife
  26. birthday; anniversary
       qìngshēng   to celebrate one's birthday
    1. (Hokkien) birthday of a god or deity
    天公 [Hokkien]   thiⁿ-kong-chheⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]   birthday festival of the Jade Emperor
  27. to bring back to life; to revive; to rescue
  28. to generate; to breed; to create
  29. to manufacture; to produce
  30. to happen; to occur; to take place
  31. to catch (a disease)
    什麼什么   shēng le shénme bìng?   What disease have I got?
    [Hokkien]   seⁿ-chôa [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]   to have shingles
  32. (transitive) to be infested by a parasite
    跳蚤   shēng tiàozǎo   to be infested with fleas
    蝨乸虱乸 [Cantonese]   saang1 sat1 naa2 [Jyutping]   to be infested with lice
  33. (Buddhism) to go into society; to be reincarnated
  34. (dialectal) to set up; to put in; to settle
  35. to light; to ignite (a fire)
    母親爐子 [MSC, trad.]
    母亲炉子 [MSC, simp.]
    Mǔqīn méi yǒu shēng lúzi. [Pinyin]
    Mother did not light the stove.
  36. (Hokkien) wild and unpleasant (of the taste of cooked food)
  37. (Hokkien) looks; features; appearance
    鐵骨仔铁骨仔 [Hokkien]   thih-kut-á-chheⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]   thin but strong and sturdy
  38. a surname
Synonyms
More information Variety, Location ...
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese ,
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan
Singapore
Jilu Mandarin Jinan
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping)
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong
Xi'an
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi
Southwestern Mandarin Wuhan
Guilin
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou
Cantonese Guangzhou
Hong Kong
Dongguan
Gan Lichuan
Pingxiang
Hakka Meixian
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
Jin Taiyuan
Eastern Min Fuzhou
Southern Min Xiamen
Quanzhou
Zhangzhou
Taipei  GT
Singapore (Hokkien)
Shantou
Jieyang
Leizhou
Haikou
Wu Suzhou
Ningbo
Wenzhou
Jinhua
Xiang Loudi
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
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More information Variety, Location ...
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan
Singapore
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping)
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan
Ürümqi
Southwestern Mandarin Wuhan
Cantonese Guangzhou ,
Hong Kong ,
Dongguan
Singapore (Guangfu)
Gan Nanchang
Huizhou Jixi
Jin Taiyuan
Northern Min Jian'ou
Eastern Min Fuzhou
Southern Min Xiamen
Quanzhou
Zhangzhou
Tainan
Singapore (Hokkien)
Manila (Hokkien)
Singapore (Teochew)
Haikou
Wu Shanghai  especially of human beings,
Suzhou  especially of human beings,
Wenzhou
Jinhua
Xiang Loudi
Close
More information Variety, Location ...
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 生日, 生辰, 生朝
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 生日, 生辰
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 生日
Taiwan 生日
Langfang 生日
Chengde 生日
Chifeng 生日
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 生日
Heihe 生日
Qiqihar 生日
Harbin 生日
Jiamusi 生日
Baicheng 生日
Changchun 生日
Tonghua 生日
Shenyang 生日, 生辰
Jinzhou 生日
Malaysia 生日
Singapore 生日
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 生日
Tangshan 生日
Cangzhou 生日
Baoding 生日
Shijiazhuang 生日
Lijin 生日
Jinan 生日
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 生日
Dandong 生日
Yantai 生日
Yantai (Muping) 生日
Qingdao 生日
Zhucheng 生日
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 生兒
Lingbao 生兒
Jining 生日, 生兒
Daming 生兒
Wanrong 生兒, 生日
Linfen 生辰
Shangqiu 生日, 生辰, 生兒
Yuanyang 生日, 生辰, 生兒
Zhengzhou 生兒
Xinyang 生兒
Baihe 生日, 生兒
Xi'an 生兒
Baoji 生日, 生辰
Tianshui 生日, 好日子
Xining 生日, 壽日
Xuzhou 生兒, 生日
Fuyang 生日, 生兒
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 生日, 生日兒
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 生日
Lanzhou 生日
Dunhuang 生日
Hami 生日
Ürümqi 生日, 歲歲子
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu , 生期
Chengdu (Xindu) , 生期
Chengdu (Pidu)
Chengdu (Wenjiang) , 生期
Chengdu (Shuangliu) , 生期
Chengdu (Xinjin) , 生期
Jintang
Pengzhou
Dujiangyan
Chongzhou
Dayi 生期
Pujiang , 生期
Qionglai , 生期
Nanchong , 生日
Dazhou 生朝
Hanyuan 生日
Xichang 生日
Zigong , 生日
Chongqing 生日
Wuhan 生日, 生期
Yichang 生日, 生兒, 長尾巴
Xiangyang 生日, 生兒
Tianmen 生日
Guiyang 生日, , 尾巴
Zunyi 生日, 生的天, , 生期
Bijie , 尾巴
Liping , , 尾巴
Zhaotong 生日, 長尾巴
Dali 生日
Kunming 生日
Mengzi 生日
Guilin 生日
Liuzhou 生日, 長尾巴
Jishou 生日
Changde 生日
Hanzhong 生日
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 生日
Yangzhou 生日
Lianyungang 生日
Lianshui 生兒
Nantong 生日
Anqing 生日
Wuhu 生日
Hefei 生日
Hong'an 生日
Cantonese Guangzhou 生日, 牛一
Hong Kong 生日, 牛一
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 生日
Macau 生日, 牛一
Guangzhou (Panyu) 生日
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 生日
Guangzhou (Conghua) 生日
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 生日
Foshan 生日
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 生日
Foshan (Shunde) 生日
Foshan (Sanshui) 生日
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 生日
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 生日
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 生日
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 生日
Zhuhai (Doumen) 生日, 牛屙屎
Jiangmen (Baisha) 生日
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 生日
Taishan 生日
Kaiping (Chikan) 生日, 牛屙屎
Enping (Niujiang) 生日
Heshan (Yayao) 生日
Dongguan 生日
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 生日
Shaoguan 生日
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 生日
Penang (Guangfu) 生日, 牛一
Singapore (Guangfu) 生日
Gan Nanchang 生日
Lichuan 生日
Pingxiang 生日
Hakka Meixian 生日
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 生日, 牛一
Dongguan (Qingxi) 生日
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 生日
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 生日
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 生日
Yudu 生日
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 生日
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 生日
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 生日
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 生日
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 生日
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 生日
Huizhou Jixi 生日
Shexian 生日
Jin Taiyuan 生兒, 生日
Pingyao 生日
Yangyuan 生日, 生兒, 生辰
Datong 生日
Xinzhou 生兒
Lüliang (Lishi) 生兒
Changzhi 生日
Linhe 生兒
Jining 生日
Hohhot 生兒
Erenhot 生日, 生兒
Pingshan 生日
Zhangjiakou 生日
Handan 生兒, 生日
Linzhou 生兒
Suide 生兒
Eastern Min Fuzhou 生日
Southern Min Xiamen 生日
Quanzhou 生日
Zhangzhou 生日
Taipei 生日
Kaohsiung 生日
Penang (Hokkien) 生日
Singapore (Hokkien) 生日
Manila (Hokkien) 生日
Chaozhou 生日
Singapore (Teochew) 生日
Wenchang 生日
Haikou 生日
Singapore (Hainanese) 生日
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 生日
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 生日
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 生日, 牛一
Wu Shanghai 生日
Shanghai (Chongming) 生日
Suzhou 生日
Danyang 生日
Hangzhou 生日
Ningbo 生日
Wenzhou 生日, 生日日
Jinhua 生日
Xiang Changsha 生日
Loudi 生日
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Antonyms
  • (antonym(s) of uncultured): (shú)

Pronunciation 2


Definitions

  1. (Cantonese) Only used in 架生

Etymology 2

More information simp. and trad. ...
Close

From Mandarin .

Pronunciation

Definitions

  1. (music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note high do (1̇).
    Synonym: (shàng) (Kunqu)

Etymology 3

More information simp. and trad. ...
Close

Phono-semantic matching of Japanese さん (-san).

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. (Hong Kong, honorific, suffix) -san, when referring to a Japanese person
Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (しょう) (shō); (せい) (sei)
  • Korean: 생(生) (saeng)
  • Vietnamese: sinh (), sanh ()

References

Japanese

Korean

Okinawan

Vietnamese

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