Steven Palazzo

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Steven Palazzo
Image of Steven Palazzo
Prior offices
Mississippi House of Representatives

U.S. House Mississippi District 4
Successor: Mike Ezell
Predecessor: Gene Taylor

Compensation

Net worth

(2012) $1,123,512

Elections and appointments
Last election

June 28, 2022

Education

High school

Saint Johns High School

Bachelor's

University of Southern Mississippi

Graduate

University of Southern Mississippi

Military

Service / branch

U.S. Army National Guard

Service / branch

U.S. Marine Corps Reserve

Years of service

1988 - 1996

Personal
Religion
Christian: Catholic
Profession
Accountant
Contact

Steven Palazzo (Republican Party) was a member of the U.S. House, representing Mississippi's 4th Congressional District. He assumed office on January 3, 2011. He left office on January 3, 2023.

Palazzo (Republican Party) ran for re-election to the U.S. House to represent Mississippi's 4th Congressional District. He lost in the Republican primary runoff on June 28, 2022.

Prior to his election to the U.S. House, Palazzo served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 2006 to 2011. Palazzo enlisted in the Marine Corps Reserves in 1988 and is a veteran of the Persian Gulf War. He joined the Mississippi Army National Guard after he finished his tour, where he still currently serves.[1]

Biography

Palazzo was born in 1970 in Gulfport, Miss. After graduating from St. Johns High School, he went on to earn his B.S. and M.P.A. from the University of Southern Mississippi in 1994 and 1996, respectively. Prior to his political career, Palazzo worked as an accountant and small business owner, starting a CPA firm with his wife.[2] He had also served in both the United States Marine Corps Reserve and the Mississippi Army National Guard, and is a veteran of the Persian Gulf War.[3]

Career

Below is an abbreviated outline of Palazzo's professional and political career:[3]

Committee assignments

U.S. House

2021-2022

Palazzo was assigned to the following committees:[Source]

2017-2018

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Palazzo was assigned to the following committees:[4]

2015-2016

Palazzo served on the following committees:[5]

2013-2014

Palazzo served on the following committees:[6]

2011-2012

Palazzo served on the following House committees:[7]

Key votes

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021-2023

The 117th United States Congress began on January 3, 2021 and ended on January 3, 2023. At the start of the session, Democrats held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (222-213), and the U.S. Senate had a 50-50 makeup. Democrats assumed control of the Senate on January 20, 2021, when President Joe Biden (D) and Vice President Kamala Harris (D), who acted as a tie-breaking vote in the chamber, assumed office. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021-2023
Vote Bill and description Status
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (228-206)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (220-210)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (220-207)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (220-204)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (220-210)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (217-213)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (363-70)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (350-80)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (228-197)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (342-88)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (243-187)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (218-211)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (321-101)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (260-171)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (224-206)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (258-169)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (230-201)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (217-207)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (227-203)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (220-203)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (234-193)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (232-197)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (225-201)


Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress

Issues

WWII Memorial

A group of World War II veterans associated with the Mississippi Gulf Coast Honor Flight wanting to pay their respects at the WWII Memorial were denied access to the memorial due to the government shutdown in October 2013. The group instead went around the barriers to gain entry. Many congressional members from both parties spoke their approval of the move, including Sen. Sherrod Brown and Rep. Michele Bachmann. Rep. Steve King and Rep. Palazzo aided the veterans by distracting park police and helping move the gates.[152]

Noteworthy events

Federal aid in Mississippi

In a speech at the Biloxi Visitors Center, Palazzo's opponent in the 2014 Republican primary, Gene Taylor, actively campaigned against Palazzo, attacking him for voting against federal aid after Hurricane Sandy. In his speech, Taylor argued that Mississippi greatly needed federal aid after Hurricane Katrina, highlighting the importance of federal aid for storm relief. Taylor also criticized Palazzo for wanting to cut the military budget, claiming that this would hurt military bases and thereby national defense as a whole.[153]

Club for Growth website

In February 2013, the Club for Growth Action, a fiscally conservative Super PAC, launched a website called "www.PrimaryMyCongressman.com." According to the Club for Growth Action, "the purpose of the website was to raise awareness of Republicans In Name Only (RINOs) who are currently serving in safe Republican seats....The website will offer Club members and the general public the opportunity to recommend primary opponents to the incumbents highlighted by Club for Growth Action, as well as to recommend primary challengers for any Republican member of Congress. Club for Growth Action will rotate liberal Republicans through the website to highlight their failed records on limiting government." Palazzo was one of the first nine incumbent Republicans to be targeted by the site, which gave him a lifetime Club for Growth rating of 69 percent.[154][155]

Elections

2022

See also: Mississippi's 4th Congressional District election, 2022

General election

General election for U.S. House Mississippi District 4

Mike Ezell defeated Johnny DuPree and Alden Johnson in the general election for U.S. House Mississippi District 4 on November 8, 2022.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Mike Ezell
Mike Ezell (R)
 
73.3
 
127,813
Image of Johnny DuPree
Johnny DuPree (D)
 
24.6
 
42,876
Image of Alden Johnson
Alden Johnson (L) Candidate Connection
 
2.0
 
3,569

Total votes: 174,258
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Republican primary runoff election

Republican primary runoff for U.S. House Mississippi District 4

Mike Ezell defeated incumbent Steven Palazzo in the Republican primary runoff for U.S. House Mississippi District 4 on June 28, 2022.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Mike Ezell
Mike Ezell
 
53.8
 
31,225
Image of Steven Palazzo
Steven Palazzo
 
46.2
 
26,849

Total votes: 58,074
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Mississippi District 4

Johnny DuPree defeated David Sellers in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Mississippi District 4 on June 7, 2022.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Johnny DuPree
Johnny DuPree
 
84.9
 
9,952
Image of David Sellers
David Sellers
 
15.1
 
1,766

Total votes: 11,718
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Mississippi District 4

The following candidates ran in the Republican primary for U.S. House Mississippi District 4 on June 7, 2022.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Steven Palazzo
Steven Palazzo
 
31.5
 
16,387
Image of Mike Ezell
Mike Ezell
 
25.0
 
13,020
Image of Clay Wagner
Clay Wagner
 
22.5
 
11,698
Image of Brice Wiggins
Brice Wiggins
 
9.3
 
4,859
Image of Carl Boyanton
Carl Boyanton
 
6.2
 
3,224
Image of Raymond Brooks
Raymond Brooks Candidate Connection
 
4.6
 
2,405
Image of Kidron Peterson
Kidron Peterson Candidate Connection
 
0.9
 
449

Total votes: 52,042
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Libertarian primary election

The Libertarian primary election was canceled. Alden Johnson advanced from the Libertarian primary for U.S. House Mississippi District 4.

2020

See also: Mississippi's 4th Congressional District election, 2020

Mississippi's 4th Congressional District election, 2020 (March 10 Republican primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House Mississippi District 4

Incumbent Steven Palazzo won election in the general election for U.S. House Mississippi District 4 on November 3, 2020.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Steven Palazzo
Steven Palazzo (R)
 
100.0
 
255,971

Total votes: 255,971
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Mississippi District 4

Incumbent Steven Palazzo defeated Robert Deming, Samuel Hickman, and Carl Boyanton in the Republican primary for U.S. House Mississippi District 4 on March 10, 2020.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Steven Palazzo
Steven Palazzo
 
66.8
 
54,318
Robert Deming
 
14.1
 
11,463
Samuel Hickman
 
9.8
 
7,981
Image of Carl Boyanton
Carl Boyanton
 
9.3
 
7,533

Total votes: 81,295
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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2018

See also: United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. House Mississippi District 4

Incumbent Steven Palazzo defeated Jeramey Anderson and Lajena Sheets in the general election for U.S. House Mississippi District 4 on November 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Steven Palazzo
Steven Palazzo (R)
 
68.2
 
152,633
Image of Jeramey Anderson
Jeramey Anderson (D)
 
30.7
 
68,787
Lajena Sheets (Reform Party)
 
1.0
 
2,312

Total votes: 223,732
(100.00% precincts reporting)
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Mississippi District 4

Jeramey Anderson advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Mississippi District 4 on June 5, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Jeramey Anderson
Jeramey Anderson
 
100.0
 
14,560

Total votes: 14,560
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Mississippi District 4

Incumbent Steven Palazzo defeated E. Brian Rose in the Republican primary for U.S. House Mississippi District 4 on June 5, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Steven Palazzo
Steven Palazzo
 
70.5
 
30,270
Image of E. Brian Rose
E. Brian Rose
 
29.5
 
12,664

Total votes: 42,934
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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2016

See also: Mississippi's 4th Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent Steven Palazzo (R) defeated Mark Gladney (D), Richard Blake McCluskey (L) and Shawn O'Hara (Reform) in the general election. Each ran unopposed in their respective primaries.[156]

U.S. House, Mississippi District 4 General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngSteven Palazzo Incumbent 65% 181,323
     Democratic Mark Gladney 27.8% 77,505
     Libertarian Richard Blake McCluskey 5.3% 14,687
     Reform Shawn O'Hara 1.9% 5,264
Total Votes 278,779
Source: Mississippi Secretary of State

2014

See also: Mississippi's 4th Congressional District elections, 2014

Palazzo ran for re-election to the U.S. House in 2014. He defeated Matt Moore (D), Joey Robinson (Libertarian), Sarge Jackson (Reform), Cindy Burleson (I) and Ed Reich (I) in the general election on November 4, 2014. He won the Republican nomination in the primary election on June 3, 2014.

U.S. House, Mississippi District 4 General Election, 2014
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngSteven Palazzo Incumbent 69.9% 108,776
     Democratic Matt Moore 24.3% 37,869
     Libertarian Joey Robinson 2.2% 3,473
     Reform Eli Jackson 0.6% 917
     Independent Cindy Burleson 2.4% 3,684
     Independent Ed Reich 0.6% 857
Total Votes 155,576
Source: Mississippi Secretary of State Official Results
U.S. House, Mississippi District 4 Republican Primary, 2014
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngSteven Palazzo Incumbent 50.5% 54,268
Gene Taylor 43% 46,133
Tom Carter 4.6% 4,955
Tavish Kelly 1.1% 1,129
Ron Vincent 0.8% 904
Total Votes 107,389
Source: Mississippi Secretary of State - Official Republican primary results

2012

See also: Mississippi's 4th Congressional District elections, 2012

Palazzo won the election.[157] On March 13, he fended off primary challenges from Cindy Burleson and Ron Vincent. He faced Michael Herrington (Democratic), Ron Williams (Libertarian) and Robert W. Claunch (Reform) in the November 2012 general election.[158][159]

Steven Palazzo, "Danger of Defense Cuts"[160]
U.S. House, Mississippi District 4 General Election, 2012
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Matthew Moore 28.8% 82,344
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngSteven Palazzo Incumbent 64.1% 182,998
     Libertarian Ron Williams 0.7% 2,108
     Reform Robert W. Claunch 6.3% 17,982
Total Votes 285,432
Source: Mississippi Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election"
U.S. House, Mississippi District 4 Republican Primary, 2012
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngSteven Palazzo Incumbent 73.9% 60,722
Cindy Burleson 7.4% 6,081
Ron Vincent 18.7% 15,378
Total Votes 82,181

Full history


Campaign themes

2022

Ballotpedia survey responses

See also: Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection

Steven Palazzo did not complete Ballotpedia's 2022 Candidate Connection survey.

2020

Steven Palazzo did not complete Ballotpedia's 2020 Candidate Connection survey.

2012

The following themes were outlined on Palazzo's campaign website.[162]

  • I Believe

Excerpt: "I believe in personal responsibility, limited government, free markets, individual liberty, traditional Mississippi values and strong national security. The primary role of government is to provide and protect our freedom to pursue Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."

  • Mississippi Values

Excerpt: "God, Family, and Country!"

  • Constitution

Excerpt: "When I joined the Marine Corps in 1988, I took an oath to protect and defend the constitution of the United States of America against all enemies both domestic and foreign. That was 22 years ago and I continue to live by that oath as a Mississippi Legislator and Citizen-Soldier."

  • State Legislator

Excerpt: "As a state legislator, I have a proven record of conservatism and fighting for my district on issues important to South Mississippi."

  • Sanctity of Marriage

Excerpt: "Marriage is between a man and a woman. The federal government should not be allowed to change the values set by individual states." [163]

—Steven Palazzo, http://palazzoforcongress.com/issues/

Noteworthy events

Electoral vote certification on January 6-7, 2021

See also: Counting of electoral votes (January 6-7, 2021)

Congress convened a joint session on January 6-7, 2021, to count electoral votes by state and confirm the results of the 2020 presidential election. Palazzo voted against certifying the electoral votes from Arizona and Pennsylvania. The House rejected both objections by a vote of 121-303 for Arizona and 138-282 for Pennsylvania.

Presidential preference

2020

See also: Presidential election in Mississippi, 2020 and Republican National Convention, 2020

Palazzo endorsed Donald Trump (R) in the 2020 presidential election.[164]

2016

See also: Presidential election in Mississippi, 2016 and Republican National Convention, 2016

Palazzo endorsed Donald Trump (R) in the 2016 presidential election.[165]

Campaign finance summary


Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.


Steven Palazzo campaign contribution history
YearOfficeStatusContributionsExpenditures
2022U.S. House Mississippi District 4Lost primary runoff$1,169,775 $1,460,684
2020U.S. House Mississippi District 4Won general$827,662 $758,749
2018U.S. House Mississippi District 4Won general$770,853 $770,434
2016U.S. House, Mississippi District 4Won $768,651 N/A**
2014U.S. House (Mississippi, District 4)Won $967,254 N/A**
Grand total$4,504,194 $2,989,867
Sources: OpenSecretsFederal Elections Commission ***This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
** Data on expenditures is not available for this election cycle
Note: Totals above reflect only available data.

Personal Gain Index

Congressional Personal Gain Index graphic.png
See also: Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress)

The Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress) is a two-part measurement that illustrates the extent to which members of the U.S. Congress have prospered during their tenure as public servants.
It consists of two different metrics:

PGI: Change in net worth

See also: Changes in Net Worth of U.S. Senators and Representatives (Personal Gain Index) and Net worth of United States Senators and Representatives
Net Worth Metric graphic.png

Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Palazzo's net worth as of 2012 was estimated between $607,025 and $1,639,999. That averages to $1,123,512, which is lower than the average net worth of Republican representatives in 2012 of $7,614,097.96. Palazzo ranked as the 197th most wealthy representative in 2012.[166] Between 2009 and 2012, Palazzo's calculated net worth[167] increased by an average of 84 percent per year. Between 2004 and 2012, the average annual percentage increase for a member of Congress was 15.4 percent.[168]

Steven Palazzo Yearly Net Worth
YearAverage Net Worth
2009$319,452
2012$1,123,512
Growth from 2009 to 2012:252%
Average annual growth:84%[169]
Comparatively, the American citizen experienced a median yearly decline in net worth of -0.94%.[170]

The data used to calculate changes in net worth may include changes resulting from assets gained through marriage, inheritance, changes in family estates and/or trusts, changes in family business ownership, and many other variables unrelated to a member's behavior in Congress.

PGI: Donation Concentration Metric

See also: The Donation Concentration Metric (U.S. Congress Personal Gain Index)

Filings required by the Federal Election Commission report on the industries that give to each candidate. Using campaign filings and information calculated by OpenSecrets.org, Ballotpedia calculated the percentage of donations by industry received by each incumbent over the course of his or her career (or 1989 and later, if elected prior to 1988). Palazzo received the most donations from individuals and PACs employed by the Accountants industry.

From 2009-2014, 24.2 percent of Palazzo's career contributions came from the top five industries as listed below.[171]

Donation Concentration Metric graphic.png
Steven Palazzo Campaign Contributions
Total Raised $2,845,453
Total Spent $2,719,368
Top five industries that contributed to campaign committee
Accountants$166,998
Leadership PACs$166,400
Health Professionals$132,800
Defense Aerospace$112,700
Retired$109,697
% total in top industry5.87%
% total in top two industries11.72%
% total in top five industries24.2%

Analysis

Ideology and leadership

See also: GovTrack's Political Spectrum & Legislative Leadership ranking

Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Palazzo was a rank-and-file Republican as of July 2014.[172] This was the same rating Palazzo received in June 2013.

Like-minded colleagues

The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.[173]

Palazzo most often votes with:

Palazzo least often votes with:


Lifetime voting record

See also: Lifetime voting records of United States Senators and Representatives

According to the website GovTrack, Palazzo missed 92 of 3,358 roll call votes from January 2011 to September 2015. This amounted to 2.7 percent, which was higher than the median of 2.2 percent among representatives as of September 2015.[172]

Congressional staff salaries

See also: Staff salaries of United States Senators and Representatives

The website Legistorm compiles staff salary information for members of Congress. Palazzo paid his congressional staff a total of $686,596 in 2011. Overall, Mississippi ranked 41st in average salary for representative staff. The average U.S. House of Representatives congressional staff was paid $954,912.20 in fiscal year 2011.[174]

National Journal vote ratings

See also: National Journal vote ratings

Each year National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted in the previous year. Click the link above for the full ratings of all members of Congress.

2013

Palazzo ranked 21st in the conservative rankings in 2013.[175]

2012

Palazzo ranked 40th in the conservative rankings in 2012.[176]

2011

Palazzo ranked 54th in the conservative rankings in 2011.[177]

Voting with party

The website OpenCongress tracks how often members of Congress vote with the majority of the chamber caucus.

2014

Palazzo voted with the Republican Party 94.6 percent of the time, which ranked 101st among the 234 House Republican members as of July 2014.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; invalid names, e.g. too many

2013

Palazzo voted with the Republican Party 95.4 percent of the time, which ranked 146th among the 234 House Republican members as of June 2013.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; invalid names, e.g. too many

Personal

Note: Please contact us if the personal information below requires an update.
Palazzo lives in Gulfport, MS, with his wife, Lisa, and their three children.[178] He is a member of St. James Catholic Church.[2]

Palazzo received the HOPE award from the Alabama-Mississippi Chapter of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. This award is the society's highest honor.[179]

See also


External links

Footnotes

  1. GOP.gov, "Steven Palazzo," accessed January 30, 2019
  2. 2.0 2.1 Steven Palazzo for Congress, "About Steven," accessed October 14, 2014
  3. 3.0 3.1 Biographical Guide to Members of Congress, "Steven Palazzo," accessed December 3, 2011
  4. U.S. House Clerk, "Official Alphabetical List of the House of Representatives of the United States One Hundred Fifteenth Congress," accessed February 2, 2017
  5. U.S. House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, "Committee Information," accessed February 18, 2015
  6. CQ.com, "House Committee Rosters for the 113th Congress," accessed January 22, 2013
  7. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "House of Representatives Committee Assignments," accessed December 3, 2011
  8. Congress.gov, "H.R.3684 - Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act," accessed April 15, 2022
  9. Congress.gov, "H.R.1319 - American Rescue Plan Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022
  10. Congress.gov, "H.R.5376 - Inflation Reduction Act of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023
  11. Congress.gov, "H.R.3617 - Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act," accessed January 20, 2023
  12. Congress.gov, "H.R.1 - For the People Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022
  13. Congress.gov, "H.R.1808 - Assault Weapons Ban of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023
  14. Congress.gov, "S.1605 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022," accessed April 15, 2022
  15. Congress.gov, "H.R.7776 - James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023," accessed January 20, 2023
  16. Congress.gov, "H.R.6 - American Dream and Promise Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022
  17. Congress.gov, "S.3373 - Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023
  18. Congress.gov, "H.R.4346 - Chips and Science Act," accessed January 20, 2023
  19. Congress.gov, "H.R.3755 - Women's Health Protection Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022
  20. Congress.gov, "H.R.1996 - SAFE Banking Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022
  21. Congress.gov, "H.R.2471 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022," accessed January 20, 2023
  22. Congress.gov, "H.R.5 - Equality Act," accessed April 15, 2022
  23. Congress.gov, "H.R.8404 - Respect for Marriage Act," accessed January 20, 2023
  24. Congress.gov, "H.R.6833 - Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023," accessed January 20, 2023
  25. Congress.gov, "H.R.7688 - Consumer Fuel Price Gouging Prevention Act," accessed January 20, 2023
  26. Congress.gov, "H.R.8 - Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2021," accessed January 20, 2023
  27. Congress.gov, "H.R.5746 - Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act," accessed January 20, 2023
  28. Congress.gov, "S.2938 - Bipartisan Safer Communities Act," accessed January 20, 2023
  29. Congress.gov, "H.Res.24 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.," accessed April 15, 2022
  30. Congress.gov, "H.R.2617 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023," accessed January 20, 2023
  31. Congress.gov, "H.R.1044 - Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act of 2020," accessed March 22, 2024
  32. Congress.gov, "H.R.6800 - The Heroes Act," accessed April 23, 2024
  33. Congress.gov, "H.R.1 - For the People Act of 2019," accessed April 23, 2024
  34. Congress.gov, "H.R.748 - CARES Act," accessed April 23, 2024
  35. Congress.gov, "H.R.5 - Equality Act," accessed April 23, 2024
  36. Congress.gov, "H.R.8 - Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2019," accessed April 23, 2024
  37. Congress.gov, "H.R.6 - American Dream and Promise Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024
  38. Congress.gov, "S.1790 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020," accessed April 27, 2024
  39. Congress.gov, "H.R.6201 - Families First Coronavirus Response Act," accessed April 24, 2024
  40. Congress.gov, "H.R.1994 - Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024
  41. Congress.gov, "H.R.3 - Elijah E. Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act," accessed March 22, 2024
  42. Congress.gov, "H.R.1865 - Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024
  43. Congress.gov, "S.1838 - Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024
  44. Congress.gov, "H.R.3884 - MORE Act of 2020," accessed April 27, 2024
  45. Congress.gov, "H.R.6074 - Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024
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  163. Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
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  167. This figure represents the average annual percentage growth from either 2004 (if the member entered office in 2004 or earlier) or their first year in office (as noted in the chart below) to 2012, divided by the number of years calculated.
  168. This number was found by dividing each member's total net worth growth percentage by the number of years included in the calculation.
  169. This figure represents the total percentage growth divided by the number of years for which there are net worth figures for each member.
  170. This figure was calculated using median asset data from the Census Bureau. Please see the Congressional Net Worth data for Ballotpedia spreadsheet for more information on this calculation.
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  178. Official House Site, "Full Biography," accessed December 3, 2011 (dead link)
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Political offices
Preceded by
Gene Taylor (R)
U.S. House Mississippi District 4
2011-2023
Succeeded by
Mike Ezell (R)
Preceded by
-
Mississippi House of Representatives
2007-2010
Succeeded by
-


Senators
Representatives
District 1
District 2
District 3
District 4
Republican Party (5)
Democratic Party (1)