Reference: Debt
Easton
The Mosaic law encouraged the practice of lending (De 15:7; Ps 37:26; Mt 5:42); but it forbade the exaction of interest except from foreigners. Usury was strongly condemned (Pr 28:8; Eze 18:8,13,17; 22:12; Ps 15:5). On the Sabbatical year all pecuniary obligations were cancelled (De 15:1-11). These regulations prevented the accumulation of debt.
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'At the end of seven years thou dost make a release, and this is the matter of the release: Every owner of a loan is to release his hand which he doth lift up against his neighbour, he doth not exact of his neighbour and of his brother, but hath proclaimed a release to Jehovah; read more. of the stranger thou mayest exact, and that which is thine with thy brother doth thy hand release; only when there is no needy one with thee, for Jehovah doth greatly bless thee in the land which Jehovah thy God is giving to thee -- an inheritance to possess it. 'Only, if thou dost diligently hearken to the voice of Jehovah thy God, to observe to do all this command which I am commanding thee to-day, for Jehovah thy God hath blessed thee as He hath spoken to thee; and thou hast lent to many nations, and thou hast not borrowed; and thou hast ruled over many nations, and over thee they do not rule. 'When there is with thee any needy one of one of thy brethren, in one of thy cities, in thy land which Jehovah thy God is giving to thee, thou dost not harden thy heart, nor shut thy hand from thy needy brother;
'When there is with thee any needy one of one of thy brethren, in one of thy cities, in thy land which Jehovah thy God is giving to thee, thou dost not harden thy heart, nor shut thy hand from thy needy brother; for thou dost certainly open thy hand to him, and dost certainly lend him sufficient for his lack which he lacketh. read more. Take heed to thee lest there be a word in thy heart -- worthless, saying, Near is the seventh year, the year of release; and thine eye is evil against thy needy brother, and thou dost not give to him, and he hath called concerning thee unto Jehovah, and it hath been in thee sin; thou dost certainly give to him, and thy heart is not sad in thy giving to him, for because of this thing doth Jehovah thy God bless thee in all thy works, and in every putting forth of thy hand; because the needy one doth not cease out of the land, therefore I am commanding thee, saying, Thou dost certainly open thy hand to thy brother, to thy poor, and to thy needy one, in thy land.
His silver he hath not given in usury, And a bribe against the innocent Hath not taken; Whoso is doing these is not moved to the age!
All the day he is gracious and lending, And his seed is for a blessing.
Whoso is multiplying his wealth by biting and usury, For one favouring the poor doth gather it.
In usury he doth not give, and increase taketh not, From perversity he turneth back his hand, True judgment he doth between man and man.
In usury he hath given, and increase taken, And he liveth: he doth not live, All these abominations he hath done, He doth surely die, his blood is on him.
From the afflicted he hath turned back his hand, Usury and increase he hath not taken, My judgments he hath done, In My statutes he hath walked, He doth not die for the iniquity of his father, He doth surely live.
A bribe they have taken in thee to shed blood, Usury and increase thou hast taken, And cuttest off thy neighbour by oppression, And Me thou hast forgotten, An affirmation of the Lord Jehovah!
to him who is asking of thee be giving, and him who is willing to borrow from thee thou mayest not turn away.
Hastings
DEBT
1. In OT.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
'If thou dost lend My poor people with thee money, thou art not to him as a usurer; thou dost not lay on him usury;
'And six years thou dost sow thy land, and hast gathered its increase;
thou takest no usury from him, or increase; and thou hast been afraid of thy God; and thy brother hath lived with thee;
'Thou dost not lend in usury to thy brother; usury of money, usury of food, usury of anything which is lent on usury.
'When thou liftest up on thy brother a debt of anything, thou dost not go in unto his house to obtain his pledge;
Jehovah doth open to thee his good treasure -- the heavens -- to give the rain of thy land in its season, and to bless all the work of thy hand, and thou hast lent to many nations, and thou -- thou dost not borrow.
he doth lend to thee, and thou dost not lend to him; he is for head, and thou art for tail.
And a certain woman of the wives of the sons of the prophets hath cried unto Elisha, saying, 'Thy servant, my husband, is dead, and thou hast known that thy servant was fearing Jehovah, and the lender hath come to take my two children to him for servants.' And Elisha saith unto her, 'What do I do for thee? declare to me, what hast thou in the house?' and she saith, 'Thy maid-servant hath nothing in the house except a pot of oil.' read more. And he saith, 'Go, ask for thee vessels from without, from all thy neighbours -- empty vessels -- let them not be few; and thou hast entered, and shut the door upon thee, and upon thy sons, and hast poured out into all these vessels, and the full ones thou dost remove.' And she goeth from him, and shutteth the door upon her, and upon her sons; they are bringing nigh unto her, and she is pouring out, and it cometh to pass, at the filling of the vessels, that she saith unto her son, 'Bring nigh unto me a vessel more,' and he saith unto her, 'There is not a vessel more;' and the oil stayeth. And she cometh and declareth to the man of God, and he saith, 'Go, sell the oil, and repay thy loan; and thou and thy sons do live of the rest.'
and the peoples of the land who are bringing in the wares and any corn on the sabbath-day to sell, we receive not of them on the sabbath, and on a holy day, and we leave the seventh year, and usury on every hand.
The ass of the fatherless they lead away, They take in pledge the ox of the widow,
His silver he hath not given in usury, And a bribe against the innocent Hath not taken; Whoso is doing these is not moved to the age!
The wicked is borrowing and repayeth not, And the righteous is gracious and giving.
The wicked is borrowing and repayeth not, And the righteous is gracious and giving.
Whoso is lending to Jehovah is favouring the poor, And his deed He repayeth to him.
The rich over the poor ruleth, And a servant is the borrower to the lender.
Whoso is multiplying his wealth by biting and usury, For one favouring the poor doth gather it.
And it hath been -- as a people so a priest, As the servant so his master, As the maid-servant so her mistress, As the buyer so the seller, As the lender so the borrower, As the usurer so he who is lifting it on himself.
Thus said Jehovah: 'Where is this -- the bill of your mother's divorce, Whom I sent away? Or to which of My creditors have I sold you? Lo, for your iniquities ye have been sold, And for your transgressions Hath your mother been sent away.
Woe to me, my mother, For thou hast borne me a man of strife, And a man of contention to all the land, I have not lent on usury, Nor have they lent on usury to me -- All of them are reviling me.
'And forgive us our debts, as also we forgive our debtors.
'Because of this was the reign of the heavens likened to a man, a king, who did will to take reckoning with his servants,
'Because of this was the reign of the heavens likened to a man, a king, who did will to take reckoning with his servants,
it behoved thee then to put my money to the money-lenders, and having come I had received mine own with increase.
and if ye lend to those of whom ye hope to receive back, what grace have ye? for also the sinful lend to sinners -- that they may receive again as much. 'But love your enemies, and do good, and lend, hoping for nothing again, and your reward will be great, and ye shall be sons of the Highest, because He is kind unto the ungracious and evil;
'Two debtors were to a certain creditor; the one was owing five hundred denaries, and the other fifty;
'And having called near each one of his lord's debtors, he said to the first, How much dost thou owe to my lord?
and wherefore didst thou not give my money to the bank, and I, having come, with interest might have received it?
having blotted out the handwriting in the ordinances that is against us, that was contrary to us, and he hath taken it out of the way, having nailed it to the cross;