Reference: Judgment
American
Is put, in Mt 5:21-22, for a court of judgment, a tribunal, namely, the tribunal of seven judges, which Josephus mentions as existing in every city, and which decided causes of minor importance. See under SYNAGOGUE.
For the expression, "judgment-hall," see PRETORIUM.
THE DAY OF JUDGMENT, for which the word "judgment" alone is sometimes used, is that great day, at the end of the world and of time, when Christ shall sit as judge over all the universe, and when every individual of the human race will be judged and recompensed according to his works, whether they be good or evil. The time of its coming and its duration are known only to God. It will break upon the world suddenly, and with a glorious but awful majesty. It will witness the perfect vindication of all the ways of God. The revelation of his justice, appalling but unstained, will fill the universe with approving wonder; but the revelation of his yet more amazing goodness will crown him with unutterable glory. The Redeemer especially will then receive his reward, and be glorified in his saints, who shall be raised from the dead in his likeness. He will divide all mankind into tow classes: all the righteous will be in one, and all the wicked in the other; all that love God in the one, and all that hate him in the other; all that penitently believed in Christ while they lived in the one, and all that died impenitent and unbelieving in the other. And this judgement and separation will be eternal: the former will rise in holiness and joy, and the latter sink in sin and woe forever, Ec 11:9; Da 12:2; Mt 10:15; 12:36; 25:31-46; 26:64; Joh 5:22; Ac 17:31; Ro 14:10-12; 2Th 1:7-10; 2Pe 2:9; 3:7; 1Jo 4:17; Re 20:12-15.
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"You have heard that it was said to the ancients, "Thou shall not commit murder, and "He who commits murder shall be liable to condemnation by the court; but I say to you that he who becomes angry with his brother shall be liable to condemnation by the court; and he who says to his brother 'Raca,' shall be liable to condemnation by the Sanhedrin, while he who curses his brother shall be liable to the Gehenna of Fire.
"I tell you solemnly it will be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrah in the Day of Judgment than for that town.
"I tell you that for every careless word that men speak they shall give account on the day of judgment.
"But when the Son of man comes in his glory, and all the angels with him, then will he take his seat on the throne of his glory; "and all the nations will be gathered in his presence. And he will separate them one from another, as a shepherd divides his sheep from the goats; read more. "and he will place the sheep on his right hand, and the goats on his left. "Then he, the King will say to those on his right hand. "'Come, my Father's blessed ones, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. "'For I was hungry, and you gave me food; I was thirsty, and you gave me drink; I was a stranger, and you took me in; "'I was naked, and you clothed me; I was sick, and you visited me; I was in prison, and you came to see me.' "Then shall the righteous answer him, saying. 'Master, when did we see you hungry and feed you; or thirsty and give you drink? "'When did we see you a stranger and take you in; or naked and clothe you? "'When did we see you sick or in prison, and come to see you?' "'In solemn truth I tell you,' the King will answer them, 'that inasmuch as you have done it unto one of the least of these, my brothers, you have done it unto me.' "Then he will say to those also at his left hand. 'Depart from me, accursed ones, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels; "for I was hungry, and you gave me no food; I was thirsty, and you gave me no drink; "I was a stranger, and you took me not in; naked, and you clothed me not; sick, or in prison, and you visited me not.' "Then will they also answer, 'Master, when did we ever see you hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister to you?' "But he will reply, 'In solemn truth I tell you that inasmuch as you did not do it unto one of these least, you did not do it unto me.' "And these will go away into eternal punishment; but the righteous into eternal life."
"I am He," Jesus answered; "yet I tell you that from this time on you will see the Son of man sitting at the right hand of Power, and coming upon the clouds of heaven."
"The Father indeed does not judge any one, but has given all judgment to the Son,
inasmuch as he has fixed a day in which he will judge the world justly, by the Man whom he has ordained, and he has given proof of all this by raising him from the dead."
But you the abstainer, why do you pass judgment on your brother? Or you again the non-abstainer, why do you despise yours? For we shall all stand before the judgment-seat of God. For it is written, "As I live," says the Lord, "to me every knee shall bow, And to God shall every tongue confess." read more. So then each one of us shall give account of himself to God.
And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne; and books were opened, and another book??he Book of Life??as opened; and the dead were judged according to their deeds, by what was written in the books. The sea gave up the dead who were in it. Death and Hades gave up the dead who were in them. read more. And all were judged according to their deeds. And Death and Hades were hurled into the lake of fire. This is the second death, the lake of fire. And if any one was found who was not written in the Book of Life, he was hurled into the lake of fire.
Hastings
Biblical eschatology centres about the Judgment to which all humanity is to be subjected at the end of this 'age.' As the introduction to the Messianic Age, it was expected to occur at a definite time in the future, and would take place in the heavens, to which all humanity, whether living or dead, would be raised from Sheol. The judge was sometimes said to be God (Heb 12:23), sometimes His representative, the Christ, assisted by the angels (Ro 2:16; Mt 13:24-30,37-43,47-50; 24:31-45; Cf. Eth. Enoch 48). In Lu 22:30; 1Co 6:2, Christians are also said to be judges. At the Judgment, sentences would be pronounced determining the eternal states of individuals, both men and angels. Those who had done wrong would be doomed to punishment, and those who had accepted Jesus as Christ, either explicitly, as in the case of the Christians, or implicitly, as in the case of Abraham, would be acquitted and admitted to heaven. The question as to the basis of this acquittal gave rise to the great discussion between St. Paul and the Jewish Christians, and was developed in the doctrine of justification by faith.
By its very nature the thought of judgment is eschatological, and can be traced from the conception of the Day of Jehovah of the ancient Hebrews. While the Scripture writers sometimes conceived of disease and misery as the result of sin, such suffering was not identified by them with the penalties inflicted at the Judgment. These were strictly eschatological, and included non-participation in the resurrection of the body, and suffering in hell. (See Abyss, Day of the Lord, Book of Life, Gehenna.)
For 'judgment' in the sense of justice see art. Justice.
Shailer Mathews.
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He told them another parable. "The kingdom of heaven," he said, "is like a man who sowed good seed in his field; "but while men were asleep his enemy came and sowed tares among his wheat and went away. read more. "And when the blade shot up and formed the wheat-kernel, then the tares also appeared. "The slaves of the owner went to him and said: "'Was it not good seed, sir, that you sowed in your field? From whence then, do you get tares?' "'It is an enemy who has done this,' he answered. "The slaves said to him, 'Do you want us to go and collect them?' "'No,' he answered, 'for fear lest while you are collecting the tares, you at the same time pull up the wheat. "Let both grow together until harvest, and at harvest-time I will tell the reapers to first gather the tares and tie them in bundles for burning, but to bring all the wheat into my store-house.'"
"The sower of the seed," he answered, "is the Son of man; "the field is the world; the good seed is the sons of the kingdom; the weeds, the sons of the Evil One. read more. "The enemy who sows the weeds is the Devil. The harvest is the end of the age. The reapers are the angels. "Just as the weeds are collected together and burnt with fire, so will it be at the end of the age. "The son of man will send forth his angels, and they will gather out of his kingdom all hindrances, and whoever practices iniquity, "and will throw them into the fiery furnace. There will be the weeping and the gnashing of teeth. "And then shall the just shine forth like the sun in the kingdom of their Father. Let him who has ears to hear, listen!
"Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a net that was cast into the sea and gathered fish of every kind. "When it was full they hauled it upon the beach, and sat down and sorted the good fish into baskets, but threw the worthless fish away. read more. "So will it be at the end of the age. The angels will go forth and separate the wicked from the righteous, and fling them into the furnace of fire. "There shall be the weeping and the gnashing of teeth.
And he will send forth his angels with a great sound of a trumpet, and they will gather his elect together from the four winds, from utmost heaven to utmost earth. "Learn from the fig tree, her parable; when her branches are become soft, and put forth leaves, you know that summer is near; read more. so you also, when you see these signs, know that He is near, at the very doors. I tell you in solemn truth, that the present generation shall not pass away till all these things happen. Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away. "But no one knows about that day and hour, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father. And as were the days of Noah, so will be the coming of the Son of man. For just as in the days before the deluge they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the very day when Noah entered the ark, nor did they know until the deluge came and swept them away; so will be the coming of the son of man. At that time there will be two men in the field; one will be taken, and one will be left. Two women will be grinding at the mill; one will be taken and the other left. Keep guard then, for you do not know the day on which your Master is coming. But know this, that if the master of the house had known in what watch the thief was coming, he would have been on his guard, and would not have allowed his house to be broken into. Therefore you also must be ready, for in an hour when you do not expect him, the Son of man is coming. "Who, then, is the faithful and prudent slave, to whom his master has entrusted his household, to give them their food in due season?
"so that you shall eat and drink in my kingdom, and you shall sit on thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
in the day when God will judge the secrets of men by Jesus Christ, according to my gospel.
to the festal assemblage and church of the firstborn, registered in heaven, to a Judge who is God of all, to the spirits of just men made perfect,
Watsons
JUDGMENT, DAY OF, is that important period which shall terminate the present dispensation of grace toward the fallen race of Adam, put an end to time, and introduce the eternal destinies of men and angels, Ac 16:31; 1Co 15:24-26; 1Th 4:14-17; Mt 25:31-46. It is in reference to this solemn period that the Apostle Peter says, "The heavens and the earth which now exist are by the word of God reserved in store unto fire, against the day of judgment, and perdition of ungodly men," 2Pe 3:7. Several eminent commentators understand this prophecy as a prediction of the destruction of Jerusalem. In support of their interpretation, they appeal to the ancient Jewish prophecies, where, as they contend, the revolutions in the political state of empires and nations are foretold in the same forms of expression with those introduced in Peter's prediction. The following are the prophecies to which they appeal:
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For the Son of man is about to come in the glory of his Father, and his angels with him, and then will he reward each one in accordance with his actions.
"But immediately after the tribulation of those days, "The sun will be darkened, The moon will not shed her light, The stars will fall from the sky, And the powers of the heavens will be shaken.
"But when the Son of man comes in his glory, and all the angels with him, then will he take his seat on the throne of his glory;
"But when the Son of man comes in his glory, and all the angels with him, then will he take his seat on the throne of his glory; "and all the nations will be gathered in his presence. And he will separate them one from another, as a shepherd divides his sheep from the goats; read more. "and he will place the sheep on his right hand, and the goats on his left. "Then he, the King will say to those on his right hand. "'Come, my Father's blessed ones, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. "'For I was hungry, and you gave me food; I was thirsty, and you gave me drink; I was a stranger, and you took me in; "'I was naked, and you clothed me; I was sick, and you visited me; I was in prison, and you came to see me.' "Then shall the righteous answer him, saying. 'Master, when did we see you hungry and feed you; or thirsty and give you drink? "'When did we see you a stranger and take you in; or naked and clothe you? "'When did we see you sick or in prison, and come to see you?' "'In solemn truth I tell you,' the King will answer them, 'that inasmuch as you have done it unto one of the least of these, my brothers, you have done it unto me.' "Then he will say to those also at his left hand. 'Depart from me, accursed ones, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels; "for I was hungry, and you gave me no food; I was thirsty, and you gave me no drink; "I was a stranger, and you took me not in; naked, and you clothed me not; sick, or in prison, and you visited me not.' "Then will they also answer, 'Master, when did we ever see you hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister to you?' "But he will reply, 'In solemn truth I tell you that inasmuch as you did not do it unto one of these least, you did not do it unto me.' "And these will go away into eternal punishment; but the righteous into eternal life."
"Do not wonder at this, because an hour is coming in which all who are in their graves shall hear his voice and shall come forth again; "those who have done good into a resurrection of life, and those who have practised evil to a resurrection of condemnation.
"Believe on the Lord Jesus," they answered, "and you will be saved, you and all your household."
Now if we have died with Christ, we believe that we shall also live with him;
For, with me, to live is Christ and to die is gain.
for you have died and your life is hidden with Christ in God.
and give to you, who are now troubled, rest, along with me at the unveiling "apocalypse" of the Lord Jesus from heaven, with his mighty angels, in flaming fire. Then shall he take vengeance on those who know not God, even on those who do not obey the gospel of our Lord Jesus. read more. They shall suffer punishment, even an eternal destruction from the presence of the Lord, and from the brightness of his glorious majesty,
But the heavens and earth that now are, by the same word of God, have been reserved for fire, and are being kept for the Day of Judgment, and for the destruction of ungodly men.
But the Day of the Lord will come like a thief; and on that Day the heavens will vanish with a crash, the heavenly bodies will melt with fervent heat, and the earth and all its works will be burned up.
And now continue to abide in him, my children, so that when he shall appear we may have cheerful confidence and not be ashamed before him at his coming.
In those days men will seek death, and will not find it; they will long to die, but death ever flees from them.
And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne; and books were opened, and another book??he Book of Life??as opened; and the dead were judged according to their deeds, by what was written in the books. The sea gave up the dead who were in it. Death and Hades gave up the dead who were in them.
He also said: "It has now come to pass. I am the Alpha and the Omega, The Beginning and the End. To him who thirsts I will freely give Of the spring of the Water of life.