Partial oxidation of natural gas

The original method for the manufacture of ethyne, the action of water on calcium carbide, is still of very great importance, but newer methods include the pyrolysis of the lower paraffins in the presence of steam, the partial oxidation of natural gas (methane) and the cracking of hydrocarbons in an electric arc. [Pg.169]

Partial oxidation of natural gas or a fuel oil using oxygen may be used to form acetylene, ethylene (qv) and propylene (qv). The ethylene in turn may be partially oxidi2ed to form ethylene oxide (qv) via advantages (/) and (5). A few of the other chemicals produced using oxygen because of advantages (/) and (5) are vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, perchloroethylene, acetaldehyde (qv), formaldehyde (qv), phthaHc anhydride, phenol (qv), alcohols, nitric acid (qv), and acryhc acid. [Pg.481]

Alternatively it is obtained from eraeking low moleeular-weight aliphatie hydroearbons, or by the partial oxidation of natural gas. [Pg.273]

The integrated process. Figure 7 presents a typical block-diagra m of the overall process. Syngas is produced via high temperature partial oxidation of natural gas. This technology yields very low contents... [Pg.53]

Acetylene is usually thought of as a coke-derived product via calcium carbide. But acetylene, used for vinyl resins manufacture, has been made by partial oxidation of natural gas methane for over a year now in a major installation in Texas, which is now being expanded (6). Moreover, another Gulf Coast plant now under construction will also produce acetylene from natural gas, utilizing this product for acrylonitrile as well as vinyl chloride production (28). These moves represent a momentous advance, pointing to the future entry of natural gas to an even greater degree into aliphatic syntheses. [Pg.293]

Air (compression not necessary) co + h2 Partial oxidation of natural gas in precombustion... [Pg.198]

The partial combustion (partial oxidation) of natural gas (Fig. 1) is probably the most widely used method of producing acetylene. The overall reaction of the methane (combustion and splitting) is 90 to 95 percent whereas the oxygen is 100 percent converted. The residence time is 0.001 to 0.01 seconds. The acetylene and gases are cooled rapidly by quench oil or water sprays to 38°C and have the following typical composition (percent by volume acetylene, 8 to 10 hydrogen, 50 to 60 methane, 5 carbon monoxide, 20 to 25 and carbon dioxide, <5. The soot is removed in a carbon filter and the clean gases are compressed to 165 psi (1.14 MPa). [Pg.21]

Bharadwaj SS, Schmidt LD. Catalytic partial oxidation of natural gas to syngas. Fuel Processing Technol. 1995 42(2—3) 109—27. [Pg.455]

Rare earth oxides are useful for partial oxidation of natural gas to ethane and ethylene. Samarium oxide doped with alkali metal halides is the most effective catalyst for producing predominantly ethylene. In syngas chemistry, addition of rare earths has proven to be useful to catalyst activity and selectivity. Formerly thorium oxide was used in the Fisher-Tropsch process. Recently ruthenium supported on rare earth oxides was found selective for lower olefin production. Also praseodymium-iron/alumina catalysts produce hydrocarbons in the middle distillate range. Further unusual catalytic properties have been found for lanthanide intermetallics like CeCo2, CeNi2, ThNis- Rare earth compounds (Ce, La) are effective promoters in alcohol synthesis, steam reforming of hydrocarbons, alcohol carbonylation and selective oxidation of olefins. [Pg.907]

OXY+ A process for making a reducing gas mixture by the partial oxidation of natural gas, using oxygen. Developed by Midrex Technologies, Charlotte, NC, and commercialized in 2004 for use in the MTDRF,X process. [Pg.270]

The FT process is well known and already applied on a large scale [9,10,11,12]. Currently, the two players that operate commercial Fischer-Tropsch plants are Shell and Sasol. In the Sasol and Shell plants gasification of coal and partial oxidation of natural gas, respectively, produce the syngas for the FT synthesis with well-defined compositions. Shell operates the SMDS (Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis) process in Bintulu, Malaysia, which produces heavy waxes with a cobalt catalyst in multi-tubular fixed bed reactors. Sasol in South Afirica uses iron catalysts and operates several types of reactors, of which the slurry bubble column reactor is the most versatile (i.e. applied in the Sasol Slurry Phase Distillate SSPD),... [Pg.491]

Also calculate the dew point of the exit flue gas and the air-to-fuel ratio in.lb/lb. Formaldehyde can be made by the partial oxidation of natural gas using pure oxygen made industrially from liquid air. The natural gas must be in large excess. [Pg.525]

Major producers manufacture acetylene by either the partial oxidation of natural gas or as a coproduct of the thermal cracking of ethylene minor producers manufacture acetylene from calcium carbide. About 80% of production is used as a closed system intermediate in the manufacture of acetylene black as well as acetylenic and vinyl derivatives used in a variety of applications such as the manufacture of plastics. The remaining 20% is used primarily in oxyacetylene torches for welding and metal cutting. Although acetylene was used as an anesthetic in the early 1900s, this use has fallen into disfavor due to the explosive properties of acetylene. [Pg.35]

Derivation (1) By high-pressure catalytic synthesis from carbon monoxide and hydrogen (2) partial oxidation of natural gas hydrocarbons (3) several processes for making methanol by gasification of wood, peat, and lignite have been developed but have not yet proved out commercially (4) from methane with molybdenum catalyst (experimental). [Pg.816]

Basini, L. Aasberg-Petersen, K. Guarinoni, A. Ostberg, M.R. Catalytical partial oxidation of natural gas at elevated pressure and low residence time. Catal. Today 2001, 64, 9. [Pg.2946]

Today, the majority of research investigations into CMRs are being conducted by many institutions, in addition to oil and chemical and utilities companies [5]. The use of mixed ionic-electronic membrane reactors for the partial oxidation of natural gas is undergoing active development by a number of consortia based around Air Products and Chemicals (USA), Praxair (USA), and/or Air Liquide (France). At present, the development of CMRs involving a pure ion-conducting electrolyte is restricted to a few reports of conceptual systems [12, 95]. [Pg.423]

Synthesis gas production from combined CO2 reforming and partial oxidation of natural gas Maximization of both methane conversion and carbon monoxide selectivity while maintaining tiie hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio close to 1. Real-coded NSGA with blend crossover Empirical models were used for optimization. Mohanty (2006)... [Pg.45]

This paper reviews research and development In several areas of methanol synthesis technology. Alternatives to the co-precipitated Cu-ZnO-A O and Cu-ZnO-CrgOj catalysts are considered first. Novel processes for syngas conversion are then reviewed, and the paper ends with a discussion of direct conversion of methane to methanol by partial oxidation of natural gas. [Pg.96]

The partial oxidation of natural gas has been considered as an alternative to steam reforming for many years. While natural gas partial oxidation was practiced commercially for ammonia manufacture over 30 years ago (ref. 2), it s use for methanol synthesis remains to be demonstrated commercially. Autothermic reforming (ref. 3), and various other improvements, such as low energy distillation (ref. 4), demonstrate that methanol production can be improved in the short term. [Pg.308]

The partial oxidation of natural gas, consisting chiefly of methane, currently holds tremendous industrial potential. Possible routes for the direct synthesis of formaldehyde from methane, either via chlorine-based catalysts or with the use of chlorine-containing compounds in the gas feed (both using chlorine-modified supported palladium catalysts and at temperatures of 450-650°C) gave formaldehyde yields less than 7.7% under optimum conditions... [Pg.138]

The carbon monoxide-hydrogen mixture traditionally was generated from coke, steam, and air by the water-gas method, but this process has been supplanted by steam-hydrocarbon reforming and by the partial oxidation of natural gas. More recently, processes for producing synthesis gas by the partial oxidation of pulverised coal have been introduced. [Pg.621]

One of the most commercially desirable appHcations for OTMs is the spontaneous partial oxidation of natural gas into synthesis gas. This latter feedstock is of major importance for its subsequent conversion to methanol and to hydrogen. Additionally, synthesis gas can be converted, via Fischer-Tropsch chemistry, into liquid fuels (gas to liquids, GTL) particularly under circumstances where natural gas is located remotely from the place of consumption. Because the resulting hquid fuels possess an intrinsically higher energy density than natural gas, they would be less expensive to transport. One prime example is the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System, which in the future could be used to transport synthetic liquid fuels derived from Alaska s vast reserves of natural gas in the Prudhoe Bay area to the Port of Valdez [36]. This is one of many remote natural gas locations around the world which could take advantage of OTM technology. [Pg.193]

The promising prospect of these membranes is not in the first place the production of oxygen, but their application in membrane reactors for the partial oxidation of natural gas, which is schematically shown in Fig. 7.8. [Pg.66]

Coated foams have been integrated for co-heating the steam reforming of natural gas by the catalytic partial oxidation of natural gas in adjacent microsized slits for easy scale-up for offshore synthesis gas production and subsequent Fischer-Tropsch or methanol synthesis [46]. The catalyst was solution coated on a 40 pores cm foam and inserted in 640 pm slits. No information was given on the catalytically active species used. The conversion which was given exceeded 95%. However, this is the value yielded after combustion of the produced synthesis gas (exhaust). [Pg.955]

The occurrence of some of the important petrochemical reactions, such as the water gas shift reaction, methane steam reforming, partial oxidation of natural gas to syngas, dry reforming of methane, etc., has been mentioned in detail in previous chapters in this book, but the application of membrane reactors in other industrial important reactions is briefly mentioned. [Pg.641]

The regeneration gas is produced by partial oxidation of natural gas, followed by the conversion of CO with steam on a low temperature catalyst or by reforming of natural gas, and is diluted typically to 2% hydrogen using steam as a carrier gas. [Pg.1733]

Figure 8.14 reprinted from Comelissen, R., Tober, E Kok, J. and van de Meer, T. Generation of synthesis gas by partial oxidation of natural gas in a gas turbine. Energy, Vol, 31, pp. 3199-3207, 2006, with permission from Elsevier. [Pg.454]

Hydrogen used in the PEM fuel cell can be produced using fossil fuels via steam reforming, partial oxidation of natural gas, coal gasification, and electrolysis. Most of the hydrogen fuel is produced by natural gas... [Pg.157]

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