Commons:Copyright rules/sk
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Tato stránka v kostce: Files uploaded to Wikimedia Commons should be free of copyright restrictions both in the country of origin and the United States. This means they should either be properly licensed or in the public domain. There are guidelines and checklists provided to determine if an upload is permissible, considering factors such as subject matter, ownership, and copyright laws by territory. When dealing with uncertainty regarding the date, place, or photographer of an image, certain assumptions can be made to determine its copyright status. It is important to respect copyright laws and be cautious when uploading content. |
Files uploaded to Commons should be free both in the country of origin (as defined by the Berne Convention) and in the United States of America, and possibly in other countries involved, either through being properly licensed by the copyright owner or being in the public domain.
Copyright rules by subject matter
- Main page: Commons:Copyright rules by subject matter/sk.
Commons:Copyright rules by subject matter/sk brings together a variety of subjects and aims to answer the question "Can I upload photographs/pictures of ...?"
It is 
OK to upload:
- Generally, photos you have taken yourself of uncopyrightable subjects such as views; nature; yourself; and people who have given their consent for you to photograph them and for you to publish the photograph. (However, you should remember that uploads should be educational - Commons is not your private web space.)
- Photos taken by you, or scans or photocopies made by you of objects or designs whose copyright has expired (usually 70 years after the death of the author, but see Commons:Autorská práva podle oblastí for a country-by-country list).
- Mere mechanical scans or photocopies, made by somebody else, of an object or design old enough to be in the public domain (usually 70 years after the death of the author, but see Commons:Autorská práva podle oblastí for a country-by-country list). For scans of old images that may have been enhanced, see Commons:When to use the PD-scan tag.
- Photographs, taken either by yourself or someone else, that are faithful reproductions of 2D public domain works of art. See Commons:When to use the PD-Art tag.
Other subjects may or may not be allowable - see headings at Commons:Copyright rules by subject matter/sk. If you want to have an answer to the question "Can I upload photographs/pictures from ...?", see the section at Commons:Copyright rules by subject matter/sk on Internet images. See also: Commons:Threshold of originality.
Pre kontrolu
Predpokladajme, že ste urobili fotografiu alebo ste obrázok odniekiaľ naskenovali alebo stiahli z webstránky a chcete ho nahrať na Wikimedia Commons. Ako zistíte, čo je v poriadku a čo nie? Tu je jednoduchý diagram, ktorý Vám pomôže rozhodnúť. V prípade pochybností si prečítajte ďalšie rady pre vašu krajinu. Ak si stále nie ste istý, spýtajte sa na Commons:Help desk alebo v Commons:Village pump v slovenčine.
See Commons:Copyright rules by subject matter/sk for a more complete list.
Určite v poriadku sú:
Vlastné fotografie:
- Prírody (les, obloha, atď.)
- Zvierat (mačky, psy, atď.)
- Hmyzu (mravce, chrobáky, atď.)
- Produce (apples, tomatoes, etc.)
- Ľudí, ktorí Vám dali súhlas
- Vás (len ak nebudete používať Commons ako osobný webový priestor), but not pictures others took of you (these require the consent from whoever took the picture)
- Predmety, ktoré sú voľným dielom z dôvodu vypršania autorských práv v USA a zároveň vo vašej jurisdikcii:
- Budovy postavené architektom, ktorý zomrel pred viac ako 70 rokmi (pre istotu viac ako 100)
- Diela vytvorené autorom, ktorý zomrel pred viac ako 70 rokmi (pre istotu viac ako 100)
- Knihy od autora, ktorý zomrel pred viac ako 70 rokmi (pre istotu viac ako 100)
- Newspapers and Magazines published by an author who died 70+ (preferably 100+) years ago and first published before 1923
Vlastné skeny:
- Materiálu, kde autorské práva vypršali v USA a zároveň vo vašej jurisdikcii
- Pictures created entirely by you (based either on no earlier source or on a source which is in the public domain)
Materiál z webových serverov:
- Materiál, kde autorské práva vypršali v USA a zároveň vo vašej jurisdikcii a jurisdikcii servera.
Otázne alebo nemusí byť v poriadku:
Všetky druhy materiálu chráneného autorským právom:
- Logá (iba veľmi jednoduché sú v poriadku)
- Screenshoty (pozri Commons:Screenshoty)
Photographs, drawings, scans and other reproductions of:
- Autá (cars with only one color and without any ads, paintings etc. are OK)
- Produkty každodenného používania (jednodúché zobrazenia v poriadku)
- Obaly kníh (jednodúché zobrazenia v poriadku)
- Currency (depends on country law; please see Commons:Currency)
- Budovy postavené architektom, ktorý zomrel pred menej ako 70 rokmi (alebo stále žije) See Commons:Freedom of panorama.
- Napevno nainštalované umelecké diela na verejnom mieste vytvorené umelcom, ktorý zomrel pred menej ako 70 rokmi (alebo stále žije). See Commons:Freedom of panorama.
- Interéry súkromných domov, bytov a múzeí
- Osobnosti. See Commons:Photographs of identifiable people.
- Normal people who have not given their consent. See Commons:Photographs of identifiable people.
Určite nie v poriadku
- Obrázky pod klauzulou fair use alebo podobnou. See Commons:Fair use.
- Fan art that closely resembles copyrighted material. See Commons:Fan art.
- Fotografie, kresby skeny a iné reprodukcie predmetov, ku ktorým držiteľom autorských práv je niekto iný ako Vy, napríklad:
- Kreslené postavičky, sošky, kostýmy a iný materiál chránený autorským právom (pozri Commons:Odvodené diela).
- obaly albumov, CD, videogame, movie and other commercial products, posters, newspapers and magazines whose copyright has not expired (covers and interiors).
- Sounds of things that are copyrighted by someone other than you, like the following:
- Copyrighted radio stations (programs and commercials)
- Lyric songs created by an author whose copyright has not expired
Copyright rules by territory
- Main page: Commons:Autorská práva podle oblastí.
Laws about copyright differ from country to country. Images uploaded to Commons, unless uploaded from the United States, involve the interaction of two or more copyright jurisdictions. The laws of individual countries differ especially in the following points:
- The time for which a copyright applies. In most countries, copyright expires no later than 70 years after the death of the author (p.m.a.). There may be special terms for recently published old material.
- Status of works of the government. In many (but not all) countries, documents published by the government for official use are in the public domain.
- Material applicable for copyright. In some jurisdictions, pictures of artistic work like architecture, sculptures, clothing etc. can not be used freely without the consent of the creator of the original artwork.
Almost all countries in the world are party to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (see here for the text). Following this convention, countries enforce copyrights from other countries, according to certain rules. One consequence of these rules is that we should always care about the laws of the country of origin of the work.
Dealing with uncertainty
When the date is unknown
Assume the most recent possible date considering the subject. The photo here shows Albert Einstein and his wife Elsa. Elsa died on December 20, 1936; Albert later on April 18, 1955. Therefore, it was taken before December 20, 1936.
When the place is unknown
Assume the most restrictive reasonably possible location considering the subject. In the Einstein photo here, it could be the United States, Germany, the Atlantic Ocean (assuming the Einstein couple was on board a ship) or any other country or location he reasonably could have gotten a photo taken in, but it would not likely be Nepal, for example.
When the photographer is unknown
Assume the most reasonable restrictive copyright barring evidence to the contrary. That is, unless the site or source itself asserts a freer set of rights (and you have good reason to believe they are not misapplying rights they do not have) assume the photographer retained all rights he legally could in his jurisdiction.
But the Berne Convention says that photographs are in the public domain 50 years after publication if the photographer is unknown. This applies unless a country has made a specific law.
Generally, for countries with copyright terms based on the death of the author, community consensus has found that it is safe to assume that the author died no more than 50 years after creating the work in cases where the author is unknown. This is encapsulated in the template {{PD-old-assumed}}.
Example
Assume that the author of the image on the right is unknown to us, but not unknown in the copyright sense. We know that the image represents the ship Borda, which was scrapped in 1891. The image could have been taken that year by a 20-year-old man, who could die of old age in his 90s; this brings us to 1960. Assuming the normal terms for "works" apply and a 70-year long copyright term pma, the image would be covered by copyright until the 2030s. If the work was truly anonymous, then the copyright probably did not exceed 1891 + 70 = 1961, which means it is free if it was published before 1929 (or free in USA for other reasons).
Caution, not being able to find an author does not mean that the work is anonymous. It can mean that we did not search long enough or at the right place.
Pozri tiež: Commons:Project scope/Precautionary principle.
See also
- Commons:Wikilivres – a similar site which is not operated by the Wikimedia Foundation but which allows for material in the Canadian public domain which is less restrictive than the United States
- Look at the Frequently Asked Questions.
- If you place
{{helpme}}on your talk page, a volunteer will visit you there as soon as possible! - Join the #wikimedia-commons IRC channel for real-time chat. New to IRC? Click here to be connected instantly!
- Go to the Commons Help Desk.