Template:PD-Spain-photo/doc
This template marks images released under PD-Spain-photo.
Usage
{{PD-Spain-photo}}
The template takes no parameters.
Additional information
The template is intended to be used in the following namespaces: the File namespace
The template is intended to be used by the following user groups: all users
Localization
This template is localized through {{Autotranslate}}. The layout of the template can be found under Template:PD-Spain-photo/layout.
To add your language to the list of languages supported by this template, please copy the code of Template:PD-Spain-photo/en (or any other language version you prefer to translate) and replace the text strings in there (the form below can be used to create a translation, the English version is preloaded in the edit box). Please change the parameter lang from en (or whatever language you are translating) to the language code of your language.
Justification
This template is based on this section of Spanish copyright law:
| “ |
Quien realice una fotografía u otra reproducción obtenida por procedimiento análogo a aquélla, cuando ni una ni otra tengan el carácter de obras protegidas en el Libro I, goza del derecho exclusivo de autorizar su reproducción, distribución y comunicación pública, en los mismos términos reconocidos en la presente Ley a los autores de obras fotográficas. Este derecho tendrá una duración de veinticinco años computados desde el día 1 de enero del año siguiente a la fecha de realización de la fotografía o reproducción.
Whoever shall create [take] a photograph or other reproduction produced by a method analogous to that, when neither one nor the other has the character of works protected in Book I, shall enjoy the exclusive right to authorize reproduction, distribution, and public communication, under the same terms recognized in this Act to the authors of photographic works. This right shall last twenty-five years calculated from the January 1st of the year following the date of creation of the photograph or reproduction. http://www.boe.es/buscar/pdf/1996/BOE-A-1996-8930-consolidado.pdf |
” |
The European directive does not override this provision. Here's the text of a 2011 judicial decision:
| “ | El motivo se desestima porque este Tribunal considera correcta la doctrina aplicada por la resolución recurrida, de modo que, bien la falta de originalidad, o bien la de creatividad, privan a la fotografía de la condición de obra fotográfica (art. 10.1.h LPI), y consecuentemente de los derechos de autor, y la degradan a la condición de mera fotografía con la protección de propiedad intelectual limitada del art. 128 LPI.
El criterio expuesto es conforme a la noción de "creación original" del art. 10.1 de la LPI, que cabe entender como " originalidad creativa ", cuya interpretación, que resulta reforzada por la referencia de la Disposición adicional décima de la Ley de Protección Jurídica del Diseño Industrial, Ley 20/2003, de 7 de julio, "a grado de creatividad y de originalidad necesario" para ser protegido como obra artística, es la posición común de la doctrina, y, además, es especialmente relevante en materia fotográfica para distinguir las creaciones artísticas -obras fotográficas- de las meras fotografías. The plea is dismissed because this Court considers correct the doctrine applied by the contested resolution, so that, although the lack of originality, or of creativity, deprive the photograph of the condition of photographic work (art. 10.1.h LPI), and consequently of copyright, and reduce the condition to a simple photograph with the protection of limited intellectual property of art. 128. The criterion set forth is consistent with the notion of "original creation" from art. 10.1 of the LPI, which can be understood as "creative originality", whose interpretation, which is reinforced by the reference to the tenth additional Provision to the Law on Legal Protection of Industrial Design, Law 20/2003, of July 7, "a degree of creativity and of originality necessary" to be protected as an artistic work, is the common position of the doctrine, and, additionally, is especially relevant in the photographic material to distinguish the artistic creations (photographic works) from simple photographs. |
” |
What defines a "simple photograph is described in the same judicial decision:
| “ | [La Sentencia]... alude "al carácter artístico de la reproducción [en realidad representación] fotográfica, que los usos sociales y la ley sólo estiman concurrente cuando el fotógrafo incorpora a la obra el producto de su inteligencia, un hacer de carácter personalísimo que trasciende de la mera reproducción...", y que incluso se refiere más adelante... a la "labor de creación e ideación artística en el hacer del fotógrafo".
La creatividad supone la aportación de un esfuerzo intelectual, -talento, inteligencia, ingenio, invectiva, o personalidad que convierte a la fotografía en una creación artística o intelectual-. La singularidad no radica en el objeto fotográfico, ni siquiera en la mera corrección técnica, sino en la fotografía misma, en su dimensión creativa. [The Judgment]... alludes "to the artistic character of the photographic reproduction [in fact representation], which everyday use and the law only accept as converging when the photographer adds to the work a product of his/her intelligence, an act of personal character that transcends a simple reproduction...", and which also refers later... to the "work of creation and artistic genesis in the act of the photographer." Creativity involves the contribution of an intellectual effort, -talent, intelligence, wit, invective, or personality that turns the photograph into an artistic or intellectual creation-. The individuality does not reside in the photographic object, nor even in the simple technical correction, but in the photograph itself, in its creative dimension. |
” |
Public domain in the United States
In order for Commons to host an image, it must be in the public domain in its host country and in the United States. Use the Hirtle chart to determine copyright status.
In effect this means for the URAA status:
- If the image was created before 1962 (no later than 1961), it was in the public domain in Spain on the URAA date. It is debatable if its Spanish copyright had expired on that date or if such a copyright had never existed. In the latter case, the URAA might have restored its copyright in the US. Wikimedia Commons will assume its Spanish copyright had expired on the URAA date, and no copyright was restored in the US.
- If it was created from 1962 to 1970, its Spanish copyright had expired on the URAA date, and no copyright was restored in the US.
- If it was created after 1970, the URAA restored its copyright in the US.
Since US copyright terms are based on publication, additionally one of the tags {{PD-US-expired}}, {{PD-1996}} or {{PD-US-unpublished}} also needs to be applicable to the image for it to be in the public domain in the US.
The following list applies to images created before 1971 (no later than 1970, because then the URAA did not restore its copyright in the US):
- If the image was published before 1929, it is in the public domain in the US. Use {{PD-US-expired}} (or a combined tag that includes PD-US-expired).
- If it was published before 1 March 1989 (no later than 28 February 1989) without a copyright notice, it is in the public domain in the US. Use {{PD-1996}}.
- If it was published after 28 February 1989 and before 1 January 2003, it is protected by copyright in the US until at least 31 December 2047.
- If it was published after 31 December 2002 , it is protected by copyright in the US unless it
- a) has an author with a known year of death who died before 1954, OR
- b) either the death date of its author is not known or it is an anonymous work, a pseudonymous work, or a work made for hire, and it was created before 1904.
- Use {{PD-US-unpublished}} in these cases.