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In 1759, the Qing dynasty of China defeated the Dzungar Khanate and completed the conquest of Dzungaria. Concurrent with this conquest, the Qing occupied the Altishahr region of Eastern Turkestan which had been settled by Muslims who followed the political and religious leadership of Afaq Khoja. Beginning at that time and lasting for approximately one hundred years, the Āfāqī Khojas waged numerous military campaigns as a part of a holy war in an effort to retake Altishahr from the Qing.

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  • In 1759, the Qing dynasty of China defeated the Dzungar Khanate and completed the conquest of Dzungaria. Concurrent with this conquest, the Qing occupied the Altishahr region of Eastern Turkestan which had been settled by Muslims who followed the political and religious leadership of Afaq Khoja. After the Qing conquest, the Chinese began to incorporate Altishahr and the Tarim Basin into their empire. The territory along with Dzungaria came to be known as Xinjiang. Although the followers of Afaq Khoja known as the Āfāqī Khojas resisted Qing rule, their rebellion was put down and the khojas were removed from power. Beginning at that time and lasting for approximately one hundred years, the Āfāqī Khojas waged numerous military campaigns as a part of a holy war in an effort to retake Altishahr from the Qing. (en)
  • En 1759, la dynastie chinoise Qing vainc les Mongols Dzoungars et achève la conquête de la Dzoungarie. Parallèlement à cette conquête, les Qing occupent la région de l'Altishahr, dans le Turkestan oriental, qui a été colonisée par les partisans du leader politique et religieux musulman Afaq Khoja. Après la conquête des Qing, les Chinois commencent à incorporer l'Altishahr et le bassin du Tarim dans leur empire. Au début, les adeptes d'Āfāq Khoja, qui sont alors connus sous le nom d'Āfāqī Khojas, résistent à la domination des Qing, mais leur rébellion est réprimée et les khojas sont chassés du pouvoir. À partir de cette époque, et pendant une centaine d'années, les Āfāqi Khojas mènent de nombreuses campagnes militaires dans le cadre d'une guerre sainte, pour tenter de reprendre l'Altishahr aux Qing. (fr)
  • Восстание Джахангир-ходжи (Джангир-ходжи) — крупное восстание коренного населения Восточного Туркестана в 20 г. XIX в. Первое массовое народное восстание в XIX в. против Цинской империи, серьёзно поставившее под угрозу её контроль над Кашгарией. Восстание возглавил потомок белогорских ходжей Кашгара, сын Самсак-ходжи (лидера белогорцев после захвата Цинами Восточного Туркестана) Джангир-ходжа. «Чокан Валиханов: После джангирского восстания обнаружилась вся слабость китайцев, которые до тех пор для азиатцев казались непобедимыми. Кашгарские патриоты ожили духом и получили новую и сильную надежду к возвращению самостоятельности своего Отечества» . (ru)
  • 张格尔之乱是指从1820年开始至1828年止由白山派和卓张格尔率众在新疆南部发动的叛乱。叛乱延续八年之久,喀什噶尔、英吉沙尔、叶尔羌、和阗等城被攻陷。整个过程中浩罕出动军队逾万人支持张格尔。 張格爾早年在喀布爾(今属阿富汗)求學,欲恢復其祖先阿帕克和卓的統治。從嘉慶二十五年(1820年)起,先後三次潛入南疆扇动叛亂。張格爾與浩罕伯克商定,事成之後,向浩罕割讓天山南路的喀什噶爾(今喀什市),並平分喀什噶爾等城的人口和財產。道光五年(1825)九月,清朝領隊大臣出兵200人進擊,未遇張格爾叛军,竟殺害無辜的布魯特人民100餘人。此舉引起布魯特人民的憤怒,轉而支持張格爾叛军。 道光六年(1826年),張格爾以禮拜其祖先麻札(墳墓)為名發動叛乱,清廷派兵出擊,張格爾却輕易突圍而出。這時各回民響應,日以萬計。張格爾把握時機進攻喀什噶爾(今喀什),先後攻佔喀什噶爾、英吉沙爾(今英吉沙)、葉爾羌(今莎車)、和闐(今和田)四城,喀什噶爾參贊大臣慶祥戰死殉国。此時浩罕亦出动军队逾1万人支援张格尔叛军。清政府命伊犁將軍長齡與陝甘總督楊遇春、山東巡撫武隆阿、擴肅提督等調集吉林、黑龍江、陝西、甘肅、四川清軍3萬餘人,于道光六年(1826年)十二月,三軍會師於阿克蘇,準備收復喀什噶爾等城。時值寒冬,道光帝諭旨特賞三人貂皮馬褂各一件。道光七年(1827年)二月,清軍主力西進,長齡親率滿漢步馬官兵2萬餘人,分前後兩路,前進討伐張格爾叛军。清軍一路勢如破竹,接連在洋阿爾巴特、沙布都爾回莊以及阿瓦巴特等地擊敗張格爾叛軍。是年三月初一日收復喀什噶爾城,之後再接連收復英吉沙爾、葉爾羌與和闐等城。道光七年(1827年)八月,楊芳帶兵前往達爾瓦斯地方追拏張格爾,误中埋伏,幾經鏖戰始得脫險。清廷以久未生擒張格爾本人深感不滿。是年十一月,長齡和武隆阿遭革職留任,再以那彥成為欽差大臣,替代長齡籌辦善後事宜。十二月,清軍故布疑陣,透過間諜散播退兵的假消息。道光八年(1828年)初,張格爾中計,率領500騎兵出襲喀什噶爾城,中途被发觉而反向奔逃。楊芳与伊萨克等人急驰追赶一昼夜,张格尔逃至,仅剩30余骑,弃马登山。遭杨芳副将胡超、段永福伏击生擒,解至北京,道光帝下令在午门举行献俘仪式,寸磔喂狗。 清廷為平此亂,所用多为嘉慶年間平定川楚教亂的老將,擁有一定的作戰經驗。此战清廷用兵36000人、耗銀1000萬餘兩,並徵集軍馬2萬餘匹,駱駝1萬餘峰,最终得以迅速平亂。由於浩罕商人曾助张格尔作乱,清政府于道光八年(1828年)下令稽查在喀什噶尔等地有安家置产的浩罕人,分年驱逐。 (zh)
dbo:combatant
  • (Ishāqis Khojas)
  • (Āfāqī Khojas)
  • Aq Taghliqs
  • Hunza Princely State
  • Kokand Khanate
  • North Kyrgyz Confederation
  • Qara Taghliqs
  • Qing Dynasty
dbo:commander
dbo:place
dbo:result
  • Qing victory
dbo:strength
  • Dolan people
  • Eight Banners
  • Green Standard Army
  • Han Chinese Militia
  • Hui Chinese Militia
  • HunzaBurushoSoldiers
  • Ishāqis Turkic Followers
  • Manchu Bannerman
  • Āfāqī Turkic Followers
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  • 29132 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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  • 1124383677 (xsd:integer)
dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
dbp:caption
  • Qing victory over the Āfāqīs in Kashgar (en)
dbp:combatant
dbp:commander
dbp:conflict
  • Āfāqī Khoja Holy War (en)
dbp:date
  • 1759 (xsd:integer)
dbp:place
dbp:result
  • Qing victory (en)
dbp:strength
  • dbr:Eight_Banners
  • dbr:Green_Standard_Army
  • Dolan people (en)
  • Han Chinese Militia (en)
  • Hui Chinese Militia (en)
  • Hunza Burusho Soldiers (en)
  • Ishāqis Turkic Followers (en)
  • Manchu Bannerman (en)
  • Āfāqī Turkic Followers (en)
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rdfs:comment
  • In 1759, the Qing dynasty of China defeated the Dzungar Khanate and completed the conquest of Dzungaria. Concurrent with this conquest, the Qing occupied the Altishahr region of Eastern Turkestan which had been settled by Muslims who followed the political and religious leadership of Afaq Khoja. Beginning at that time and lasting for approximately one hundred years, the Āfāqī Khojas waged numerous military campaigns as a part of a holy war in an effort to retake Altishahr from the Qing. (en)
  • En 1759, la dynastie chinoise Qing vainc les Mongols Dzoungars et achève la conquête de la Dzoungarie. Parallèlement à cette conquête, les Qing occupent la région de l'Altishahr, dans le Turkestan oriental, qui a été colonisée par les partisans du leader politique et religieux musulman Afaq Khoja. À partir de cette époque, et pendant une centaine d'années, les Āfāqi Khojas mènent de nombreuses campagnes militaires dans le cadre d'une guerre sainte, pour tenter de reprendre l'Altishahr aux Qing. (fr)
  • Восстание Джахангир-ходжи (Джангир-ходжи) — крупное восстание коренного населения Восточного Туркестана в 20 г. XIX в. Первое массовое народное восстание в XIX в. против Цинской империи, серьёзно поставившее под угрозу её контроль над Кашгарией. Восстание возглавил потомок белогорских ходжей Кашгара, сын Самсак-ходжи (лидера белогорцев после захвата Цинами Восточного Туркестана) Джангир-ходжа. (ru)
  • 张格尔之乱是指从1820年开始至1828年止由白山派和卓张格尔率众在新疆南部发动的叛乱。叛乱延续八年之久,喀什噶尔、英吉沙尔、叶尔羌、和阗等城被攻陷。整个过程中浩罕出动军队逾万人支持张格尔。 張格爾早年在喀布爾(今属阿富汗)求學,欲恢復其祖先阿帕克和卓的統治。從嘉慶二十五年(1820年)起,先後三次潛入南疆扇动叛亂。張格爾與浩罕伯克商定,事成之後,向浩罕割讓天山南路的喀什噶爾(今喀什市),並平分喀什噶爾等城的人口和財產。道光五年(1825)九月,清朝領隊大臣出兵200人進擊,未遇張格爾叛军,竟殺害無辜的布魯特人民100餘人。此舉引起布魯特人民的憤怒,轉而支持張格爾叛军。 清廷為平此亂,所用多为嘉慶年間平定川楚教亂的老將,擁有一定的作戰經驗。此战清廷用兵36000人、耗銀1000萬餘兩,並徵集軍馬2萬餘匹,駱駝1萬餘峰,最终得以迅速平亂。由於浩罕商人曾助张格尔作乱,清政府于道光八年(1828年)下令稽查在喀什噶尔等地有安家置产的浩罕人,分年驱逐。 (zh)
rdfs:label
  • Afaqi Khoja revolts (en)
  • Guerre sainte des Āfāqī Khojas (fr)
  • Восстание Джахангир-ходжи (ru)
  • 張格爾之亂 (zh)
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foaf:depiction
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf
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  • Āfāqī Khoja Holy War (en)
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