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- Chaozhu (Chinese: 朝珠; pinyin: Cháozhū), also known as Court necklace and Mandarin necklaces in English, is a type of necklace worn as an essential element of the Qing dynasty Court clothing uniform (mostly worn in the formal and semi-formal court attire). Chaozhu were worn by the Qing dynasty Emperors and members of the Imperial family, by imperial civil officials from the 1st to the 5th rank and the military official above the 4th rank. They were worn by men and women; men wore one chaozhu and only women of high-ranking status were allowed to wear triple chaozhu (one at the neck and two diagonally over each shoulder and underarms). The chaozhu was used an indicator of social ranking and seasons; they were also practical as it could be used for mathematical calculations in the absence of an abacus. Chaozu originated from a Buddhist rosary sent in 1643 by the Dalai Lama to Emperor Shunzhi; it was then redesigned by the Manchu to include new elements. The chaozu is based on the 108-beaded Buddhist rosary; it however shifted from being a religious object to being a symbol of social status while only maintaining some liturgic function. The chaozhu is composed of flat cords, long string of beads various materials (wood, precious stones, and sometimes pearls and glass) and pendants or filigree which could also be made of precious stones or precious metal. (en)
- 朝珠是清朝官服的一種佩掛物，掛在頸項垂於胸前。凡皇帝、后妃、文官五品及武官四品以上，另外侍衛和京官等，均可佩掛朝珠，並且可作為皇帝所賞賜的物品。凡文官五品以上、武官四品以上、翰林科道官、公主、福晋及五品官命妇以上，朝珠均使用杂宝及诸香制作。朝珠兩旁共附小珠三串：一邊一串，另一邊兩串，名為“紀念”；另外有一串珠垂於背，稱背云。 朝珠源於佛珠，共108顆，每27顆間穿入一粒大珠，大珠共四顆，稱分珠或佛頭，據說象徵著四季，而朝珠的質料也不盡相同。由於清朝皇帝篤信佛教，本是閑時用來念佛的。 (zh)
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- 8584 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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- Mandarin necklace/ Court necklace (en)
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- 朝珠是清朝官服的一種佩掛物，掛在頸項垂於胸前。凡皇帝、后妃、文官五品及武官四品以上，另外侍衛和京官等，均可佩掛朝珠，並且可作為皇帝所賞賜的物品。凡文官五品以上、武官四品以上、翰林科道官、公主、福晋及五品官命妇以上，朝珠均使用杂宝及诸香制作。朝珠兩旁共附小珠三串：一邊一串，另一邊兩串，名為“紀念”；另外有一串珠垂於背，稱背云。 朝珠源於佛珠，共108顆，每27顆間穿入一粒大珠，大珠共四顆，稱分珠或佛頭，據說象徵著四季，而朝珠的質料也不盡相同。由於清朝皇帝篤信佛教，本是閑時用來念佛的。 (zh)
- Chaozhu (Chinese: 朝珠; pinyin: Cháozhū), also known as Court necklace and Mandarin necklaces in English, is a type of necklace worn as an essential element of the Qing dynasty Court clothing uniform (mostly worn in the formal and semi-formal court attire). Chaozhu were worn by the Qing dynasty Emperors and members of the Imperial family, by imperial civil officials from the 1st to the 5th rank and the military official above the 4th rank. (en)
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